Liver morphology, intensity of apoptosis, and activity of xenobiotic metabolism enzymes were studied in a chronic model experiment in rats receiving a mixture of 6 pesticides against the background ...of life-long diets with adequate and insufficient supply of water-soluble vitamins. The dose of each pesticide in the mixture did not exceed the acceptable daily intake (1 ADI). It was found that chronic exposure to low doses of anthropogenic toxicants in combination with permanent vitamin deficiency provokes a number of liver changes, such as increased apoptosis activity, cytochrome P450 system depletion, steatosis, and inflammatory infiltration, which is a potential health risk factor.
Reactions of
O
-terpenyl dithiophosphonic acids with cinchona alkaloids lead to the formation of quinuclidinium salts of these acids. Quinuclidinium salts possess antimicrobial activity against
...Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus
and
Candida albicans
.
We report an analysis of small-scale enstrophy ω2 and rate of strain s2 dynamics in the proximity of the turbulent/non-turbulent interface in a flow without strong mean shear. The techniques used are ...three-dimensional particle tracking (3D-PTV), allowing the field of velocity derivatives to be measured and followed in a Lagrangian manner, and direct numerical simulations (DNS). In both experiment and simulation the Taylor-microscale Reynolds number is Reλ = 50. The results are based on the Lagrangian viewpoint with the main focus on flow particle tracers crossing the turbulent/non-turbulent interface. This approach allowed a direct investigation of the key physical processes underlying the entrainment phenomenon and revealed the role of small-scale non-local, inviscid and viscous processes. We found that the entrainment mechanism is initiated by self-amplification of s2 through the combined effect of strain production and pressure--strain interaction. This process is followed by a sharp change of ω2 induced mostly by production due to viscous effects. The influence of inviscid production is initially small but gradually increasing, whereas viscous production changes abruptly towards the destruction of ω2. Finally, shortly after the crossing of the turbulent/non-turbulent interface, production and dissipation of both enstrophy and strain reach a balance. The characteristic time scale of the described processes is the Kolmogorov time scale, τη. Locally, the characteristic velocity of the fluid relative to the turbulent/non-turbulent interface is the Kolmogorov velocity, uη.
Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) data obtained earlier from two statistically stationary, 1D, planar, weakly turbulent premixed flames are analyzed in order to examine the influence of ...combustion-induced thermal expansion on the flow structure within the mean flame brushes and upstream of them. The two flames are associated with the flamelet combustion regime and are characterized by significantly different density ratios, i.e.
σ
=
7.53
and 2.5. The Helmholtz–Hodge decomposition is applied to the DNS data in order to extract rotational and potential velocity fields. Comparison of the two fields shows that combustion-induced thermal expansion can significantly change the local structure of the incoming constant-density turbulent flow of unburned reactants by significantly increasing the relative magnitude of the potential velocity fluctuations when compared to the rotational velocity fluctuations in the flow. Such effects are documented not only within the mean flame brush, but also well upstream of it. The effect magnitude is increased by the density ratio
σ
, with the effects being well (weakly) pronounced at
σ
=
7.53
(2.5, respectively). Moreover, the potential and rotational velocity fields can cause opposite variations of the local area of an iso-scalar surface
c
x
,
t
=
const
within flamelets by generating the local strain rates of opposite signs.
Low-frequency stimulated Raman spectra in suspensions of Alternanthera mosaic virus and Potato virus X are calculated and measured. The discrepancy between the calculated and measured frequencies of ...the Raman lines for the Potato virus X is attributed to the difference in the mechanical properties of the viruses, in particular, Young’s modulus, in the native environment and when measured with an atomic force microscope. Differences are recorded in the stimulated Raman spectra of these viruses, allowing them to be identified.
Turbulent flow in a tube of square cross section is investigated numerically. The concentrated longitudinal vortices responsible for the occurrence of secondary flows are studied. It is shown that ...the longitudinal vortices are formed as a result of nonlinear interaction of turbulent pulsations in which the pulsations of the longitudinal component of vorticity are specially adjusted in phase with the pulsations of the longitudinal-velocity component. A physical interpretation of this mechanism is given.
The aspects of numerical simulation of open refrigerated display cabinets are described. The numerical model based on the Smagorinsky turbulence model was developed using OpenFOAM. Validation of the ...model provided. Description of the design solutions for the air curtain and the air flows distribution schemes are given. The feasibility study of considered design solutions provided along with a theoretical background, supporting the relevance of considered solutions in refrigeration technology. A comparative analysis of a single- and double-jet air curtains for open refrigerated display cabinets was carried out. A comparative analysis of uniform and nonuniform distribution of the cool air flows supplied through the perforated back panel of the refrigerated display was carried out. The analysis of simulation results showed an advantage of considered modifications over the basic solution; herewith, the scheme with a nonuniform distribution of the air flows appeared to be more effective than a double-jet air curtain by 18%.
During the pandemic, an urgent task has become to develop new vaccine platforms that will help fight the infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 and quickly respond to newly emerging pathogens. Plant viruses ...can make a significant contribution to the solution of this problem. Phytoviruses, having the properties of any viral particles (self-assembly, immunogenicity, nanosize), are safe for humans since plants and mammals have no common infectious agents. As a result of thermal rearrangement of the tobacco mosaic virus, spherical particles of a protein nature have been obtained, which have unique immunostimulation and adsorption properties and can play the role of a universal adjuvant platform to create vaccines. Based on these particles, a scheme for obtaining vaccine preparations is proposed. This technology resembles a toy construction set for children. The basis is spherical particles, on the surface of which there are toy blocks—antigens. The “blocks” can be removed, added, or replaced, and this does not take much time and resources. Based on spherical particles, a polyvalent vaccine candidate against COVID-19 has been created as an adjuvant platform.
Previous studies show inconsistent results on the role of innervation imaging (with 123I-mIBG) in predicting late atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after catheter ablation (CA). These studies ...included patients with paroxysmal AF and studied prognostic value of post-CA I-123-mIBG parameters. Current study investigated the ability of pre CA 123-I-mIBG imaging to predict late AF recurrence in patients with persistent AF.
123I-mIBG cardiac imaging was performed before CA in 82 patients with persistent AF. Patient was followed for 12 months.
Multivariable analysis demonstrated that late heart-to-mediastinum ratio (H/Mlate) and washout rate (WR) were independent predictors of AF recurrence. ROC-curve analysis data showed that H/Mlate <1.6 (sensitivity 73.53%, specificity 81.3%, AUC 0.792, P < .001) and WR > 25.11 (sensitivity 70.6%, specificity 70.8.3%, AUC 0.712, P < .001) indicate high probability of AF relapses during 12 months after CA.
Pre-CA parameters of global cardiac sympathetic activity estimated by 123I-mIBG scintigraphy are associated with late AF relapses in persistent AF patients with normal LVEF and absence of significant CAD.
In this paper, the issues on current optimization methods for identifying modern digital camera photosensors are presented. Methods for improving the reliability of identification of digital cameras ...are discussed, i.e., determining the digital camera used to take a particular photograph. Homogeneous images were optically recorded to form a noise signature, and sets of amateur images were tested for identification of three types of cameras from the images. Digital image filtering and image identity metric were optimized. An optimal digital filter was selected to evaluate smoothed images to obtain the noise signatures of the identified cameras. An optimal identity criterion was obtained by comparison of camera noise signatures. Using an optimal filter and identity criterion allowed increasing, on average, the reliability of identifying the camera used to take a particular photograph by > 60 times. This work provides reference to solve image problems in image registration and processing, security, forensics, and big data analysis.
PDF
