Gut microbiota of patients with Parkinson’s disease and healthy volunteers was analyzed by the method of high throughput 16S rRNA sequencing of bacterial genomes. In patients with Parkinson’s ...diseases, changes in the content of 9 genera and 15 species of microorganisms were revealed: reduced content of
Dorea
,
Bacteroides
,
Prevotella
,
Faecalibacterium
,
Bacteroides massiliensis
,
Stoquefichus massiliensis
,
Bacteroides coprocola
,
Blautia glucerasea
,
Dorea longicatena
,
Bacteroides dorei
,
Bacteroides plebeus
,
Prevotella copri
,
Coprococcus eutactus
, and
Ruminococcus callidus
, and increased content of
Christensenella
,
Catabacter
,
Lactobacillus
,
Oscillospira
,
Bifidobacterium
,
Christensenella minuta
,
Catabacter hongkongensis
,
Lactobacillus mucosae
,
Ruminococcus bromii
, and
Papillibacter cinnamivorans
. This microbiological pattern of gut microflora can trigger local inflammation followed by aggregation of α-synuclein and generation of Lewy bodies.
The synthesis of materials with a developed electrode surface of the electropositive component of the alloy and a significant near-surface layer was performed by anodic selective dissolution of ...copper alloys (Cu63–Zn37, Cu40–Zn37, Cu65–Ni35, Cu35–Ni65 and Cu50–Al50). The morphological and electrochemical characteristics of the obtained electrode materials based on mesoporous copper demonstrate its prospects for catalysis substrate application, electrodeposition of materials with specified parameters, and for the low-wear anode base formation.
The media was combination of lithium, sodium, potassium carbonates (30 : 30: 40 mol. %), as well as low-melting eutectic mixtures of alkali metal chlorides of various compositions (especially CsCl–KCl–LiCl (54.4 : 15.3: 30.3 wt %) in the temperature range of 623–923 K. The object of the study was copper alloys such as copper-zinc, copper-aluminum, copper-nickel. Anodic selective dissolution was performed under the following electrolysis modes: galvanostatic and potentiostatic modes; rectangular polarization; cyclic voltammetry.
The values of geometric current densities were 100, 200, 300, 900, 1400 A/m2. The applied anode potential was +0.1, +0.2 and + 0.5 V (from the open circuit potential of the material). The platinum reference electrode was used. The resulting surface structures were investigated using micro- and X-ray phase analysis. The composition of frozen melt samples after electrolysis completion was studied by atomic absorption analysis. The resulting surface structures were investigated using micro- and X-ray phase analysis.
The influence of the following factors on the surface structure of the final anode product was studied and discussed: composition of the studied alloy (the amount of electronegative component in the alloy, as well as its nature); electrolyte composition (chloride and carbonate melt); temperature of selective dissolution (350, 500 and 650°С)
It was shown that it is possible to change the nature of the binary alloy dissolution by changing the kinetic parameters (electrolyte composition, temperature), and to obtain a mesoporous material with a developed surface, suitable for heterogeneous catalysis, structural design of electrochemical and electrical devices.
a) the most perspective copper-based alloy for the formation of nanoporous and mesoporous materials in salt melts is brass Cu63–Zn37;
b) the smallest average pore size had samples of brass Cu63–Zn37 in experiments with chloride melt; in galvanostatic mode the pore size was 500 nm (under given conditions – 200 A/m2, 350 °C); in potentiostatic mode – 250 nm (+0.1 V, 500 °C). With the temperature decreasing it is possible to reduce this indicator by 1.5–3.0 times;
c) the square-wave potentiometry method was used to form a developed near-surface layer in several stages;
g) cyclic voltammetric curves were obtained, which can be used to prognosticate and describe the stages of the anode process;
e) the potentials of open circuits were obtained for the studied samples;
g) by dissolution of copper-aluminum alloy in galvanostatic mode was formed the nanofiber on the surface with thread size less than 20 nm.
2. The influence of the temperature, the nature of the second component of the alloy and the salt electrolyte (chloride) on the formation of the developed surface layer of the alloys under study was established:
a) the increase in temperature leads to a decrease in the development of the surface layer;
b) copper-nickel samples are depleting by copper due to the fact that copper is an electronegative component of the alloy in chloride melts, while the formation of developed surface layer enriched with nickel takes place;
c) the increase in the content of the electronegative component leads to a decrease in the development of the surface.
It was shown that it is possible to change the nature of the binary alloy dissolution by changing the kinetic parameters (electrolyte composition, temperature), and to obtain a mesoporous material with a developed surface, suitable for heterogeneous catalysis, structural design of electrochemical and electrical devices.
•The behavior of Cu-based alloys was studied in salt melts of different composition in galvanostatic and potentiostatic mode•In chloride melt, the pore size of Cu63–Zn37 sample was: in the galvanostatic mode – 500 nm; in potentiostatic – 250nm.•By dissolution Cu–Al alloy in galvanostatic mode is formed the nanofiber formation with thread sizes less than 20 nm•The increase in temperature leads to a decrease in the development of the surface layer.•The increase in the content of the electronegative component leads to a decrease in the development of the surface.
The present work is aimed at the study of the 16Cr12MoWSVNbB (EP-823) steel corrosion in the molten LiCl–KCl eutectic with different CeCl3, NdCl3 and UCl3 content.
The CeCl3 and NdCl3 concentrations ...varied within the range of 0.1–1.0 mol. %, and the UCl3 concentration was 1 mol. %. The temperature of the experiments was 500–650 °C. The composition of the melts under study was similar to the composition of real electrolytes while the nitride spent nuclear fuel processing.
The gravimetric method with the exposure time from 8 to 100 h was the primary method of investigation. For analysis of samples atomic-adsorption, micro X-ray spectral and X-ray structural methods were used.
The Fe was the most dissolvable component of the steel under study. Chromium and manganese have exhibited the smallest dissolution degrees. It was found out that the presence of UCl3 in the melt have the major impact on corrosion. The corrosion process proceeds with low rate and the corrosion mechanism was found to be electrochemical.
•The corrosion rate in U-containing melt is at a holding time of 100 h at 500 °C 1.24 ± 0.11, at 650 °C–2.00 ± 0.24 mm/year.•The nature of the destruction at 500 °C is continuous uneven, and at 650 °C there is a clear localization of corrosion.•Cerium and neodymium trichlorides have a weak inhibitory effect on steel corrosion in LiCl–KCl melt.•There is a replacement of alkali metal ions by lanthanide ions in the outer coordination sphere of the complexes.
—Electrochemical diagnostics is carried out for nickel electrodes in the LiCl–KCl eutectic melt containing up to 0.2 wt % Li
2
O, 10 vol % О
2
, and 2% LaCl
3
at 500°C in an inert argon atmosphere. ...Both silver chloride and lithium dynamic electrodes are used as reference electrodes. The latter is certified by thermodynamic analysis and recording of cyclic voltammograms along with the potential decay curves under the chronopotentiometric conditions for which the following most optimum parameters of the galvanostatic pulse are selected: a pulse duration of 4 s at a current density of 0.6 A/cm
2
. Under these conditions, the stability time of a lithium dynamic reference electrode is 59.5 ± 1.2 s. The electrochemical diagnostics of a nickel–molten salt electrolyte system with artificially added oxygen-containing impurities affecting the redox potential of the corrosion-active medium is carried out. The introduction of oxygen anions into the system shifts the nickel potential to the cathodic region, which decreases the corrosion activity of the medium. An increase in the oxygen concentration in the system shifts the nickel potential to the anodic region, indicating a more aggressive salt medium. The addition of lanthanum chloride to the melt affects the potential only if the system contains O
2
, which is due to their interactions. The corrosion potentials of nickel obtained at both the silver chloride and lithium dynamic reference electrodes correlate to each other. This fact allows one to extend the applicability of the lithium dynamic reference electrode to any halide melts, including fluoride ones.
In humans, aneuploidy is incompatible with the birth of healthy children and mainly leads to the death of embryos in the early stages of development in the first trimester of pregnancy. Trisomy 16 is ...the most common aneuploidy among spontaneous abortions of the first trimester of pregnancy. However, the mechanisms leading to the death of embryos with trisomy 16 remain insufficiently investigated. One of these potential mechanisms is abnormal placental development, including aberrant remodeling of spiral arteries. Spiral artery remodeling involves the migration of trophoblast cells into the maternal spiral arteries, replacing their endothelium and remodeling to ensure a stable embryonic nutrition and oxygen supply. This is a complex process which depends on many factors from both the embryo and the mother. We analyzed the methylation level of seven genes (ADORA2B, NPR3, PRDM1, PSG2, PHTLH, SV2C, and TICAM2) involved in placental development in the chorionic villi of spontaneous abortions with trisomy 16 (n = 14), compared with spontaneous abortions with a normal karyotype (n = 31) and the control group of induced abortions (n = 10). To obtain sequencing libraries, targeted amplification of individual gene regions using designed oligonucleotide primers for bisulfite-converted DNA was used. The analysis was carried out using targeted bisulfite massive parallel sequencing. In the group of spontaneous abortions with trisomy 16, the level of methylation of the PRDM1 and PSG2 genes was significantly increased compared to induced abortions (p = 0.0004 and p = 0.0015, respectively). In the group of spontaneous abortions, there was no increase in the level of methylation of the PRDM1 and PSG2 genes, but the level of methylation of the ADORA2B gene was significantly increased compared to the induced abortions (p = 0.032). The results obtained indicate the potential mechanisms of the pathogenetic effect of trisomy 16 on the placental development with the participation of the studied genes.
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•Nanocomposite Si-HA‒gel was synthesized by the sol‒gel method.•Remineralizing effect of Si-HA‒gel was estimated (in vitro) on human teeth.•The strengthening effect of Si in gel ...(2.04 wt.%) on dental enamel was demonstrated.•The Si-HA‒gel (1.75 wt.% HA) shows promise as a biomaterial for dental applications.
Nanocomposite silicon-hydroxyapatite‒glycerohydrogel (Si-HA‒glycerohydrogel) with different hydroxyapatite (HA) contents of 0.75 and 1.75 wt.% and the same Si content (2.04 wt.%) was obtained by the sol‒gel method. Silicon tetraglycerolate in the form of glycerol solution was used as a biocompatible precursor and HА in the form of aqueous colloidal suspension – as a template and property modifier. Transmission electron microscopy was applied to demonstrate that there are nanoscale HA particles that are in the crystalline state. For the first time, using the atomic force microscopy method, the remineralizing properties of Si-HA‒glycerohydrogel were studied on human teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons. It was found that Si-HA‒glycerohydrogel containing 1.75 wt.% HA has a pronounced remineralizing effect. Immersion of tooth enamel samples in the gel for one month significantly reduces roughness and makes the enamel surface more uniform. Silicon contained in glycerolates in a biologically active and accessible form exerts an additional positive effect on the process of remineralization of tooth enamel. By the energy dispersive X-ray analysis, it was demonstrated that the tooth enamel had an increased silicon content; and the Vickers microhardness test showed greater microhardness values. The obtained data analysis allows the remineralizing Si-HA‒glycerohydrogel to be considered as a promising biomaterial for dental applications.
The mitigation of steels and alloys corrosion is one of the great challenges for application of high-temperature devices in contact with molten salts. The current research estimates corrosion ...resistance of the following construction materials: Crofer APU 22, austenitic steel 12Cr18Ni10Ti and two types of austenitic nickel-chromium alloy: CrNi78Ti, CrNi78Ti + 5% wt. W. The measurements are performed by exposition of samples within 24 h in the molten mixture of carbonates of lithium and potassium at 650 °C. The rates and mechanism of materials corrosion under these conditions are determined. The process occurring on the surface while contact of the materials and steels with carbonate melt are investigated.
Accurate quantitative data on materials interaction with alkali carbonate melt have been obtained by gravimetrical and physico-chemical methods. The high-temperature corrosion of Fe and Ni austenitic materials has turned dramatically different from both their low-temperature corrosion and each other. There are mixed passivating oxide films on the surface of the only iron-based materials.
In addition, the resulting layers of corrosion products are well bonded to the substrate and have protective properties and can be used as protective coatings in molten salts of other compositions, including alkali metal fluorides.
•Separator of molten carbonate fuel cell.•Corrosion of construction metals.•Iron-based and nickel-based austenits.
Wilson’s disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism. The copper accumulation in the viscera appears due to the functional impairment of copper-transporting ATPase, which is ...encoded by the ATP7B gene. In this study, PBMCs of a patient with two ATP7B mutations were reprogrammed. The first mutation is a missense mutation p.H1069Q, which is the most frequent mutation in the human population. At the same time, the second one is a frameshift mutation p.Lys1013fs. The generated iPSC line had a normal karyotype, maintained the original genotype, expressed pluripotency markers, and demonstrated the ability to differentiate into derivatives of the three germ layers.
Pallister-Killian syndrome (PKS) is a rare inherited disease with multiple congenital anomalies, profound intellectual disability, and the presence in the karyotype of sSMC - i(12)(p10). The ...frequency of PKS may be underestimated due to problems with cytogenetic diagnosis caused by tissue-specific mosaicism and usually a low percentage of peripheral blood cells containing sSMC. Such tissue-specific mosaicism also complicates a detailed analysis of the sSMC, which, along with the assessment of mosaicism in different tissues, is an important part of cytogenetic diagnosis in PKS. Unfortunately, a full-fledged diagnosis in PKS is either practically impossible or complicated. On the one hand, this is due to problems with the biopsy of various tissues (skin biopsy with fibroblast culture is most often used in practice); on the other - a low percentage of dividing peripheral blood cells containing sSMC, which often significantly complicates the analysis of its composition and organization. In the present study, a detailed analysis of sSMC was carried out in a patient with a characteristic clinical picture of PKS. A relatively high percentage of peripheral blood cells with sSMC (50%) made it possible to perform a detailed molecular cytogenetic analysis of
sSMC using chromosomal
suppression hybridization (CISS-hybridization), multicolor FISH (mFISH), multicolor chromosome banding (MCB), array CGH (aCGH), and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), and short tandem repeat (STR) - analysis. As a result, it was found that the sSMC is not a typical PKS derivative of chromosome 12. In contrast to the classical i(12)(p10) for PKS, the patient's cells contained an acrocentric chromosome consisting of 12p material. Clusters of telomeric repeats were found at the both ends of the sSMC. Furthemore, the results of aCGH and qPCR indicate the presence of interstitial 8.9 Mb duplication at 12p13.1-p12.1 within the sSMC, which leads to different representations of DNA from different segments of 12p within cells containing sSMC. The obtained data raise the question of the instability of the sSMC and, as a consequence, the possible presence of additional rearrangements, which, in traditional cytogenetic analysis of patients with PKS, are usually described as i(12)(p10).
Heat shock proteins, in particular Hsp70, play a central role in proteostasis in eukaryotic cells. Due to its chaperone properties, Hsp70 is involved in various processes after stress and under ...normal physiological conditions. In contrast to mammals and many Diptera species, inducible members of the Hsp70 family in Drosophila are constitutively synthesized at a low level and undergo dramatic induction after temperature elevation or other forms of stress. In the courtship suppression paradigm used in this study, Drosophila males that have been repeatedly rejected by mated females during courtship are less likely than naive males to court other females. Although numerous genes with known function were identified to play important roles in long-term memory, there is, to the best of our knowledge, no direct evidence implicating Hsp70 in this process. To elucidate a possible role of Hsp70 in memory formation, we used D. melanogaster strains containing different hsp70 copy numbers, including strains carrying a deletion of all six hsp70 genes. Our investigations exploring the memory of courtship rejection paradigm demonstrated that a low constitutive level of Hsp70 is apparently required for learning and the formation of short and long-term memories in males. The performed transcriptomic studies demonstrate that males with different hsp70 copy numbers differ significantly in the expression of a few definite groups of genes involved in mating, reproduction, and immunity in response to rejection. Specifically, our analysis reveals several major pathways that depend on the presence of hsp70 in the genome and participate in memory formation and consolidation, including the cAMP signaling cascade.
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