The idea of the hovering effect of architectural structures is encountered throughout history; however, designs, interpretations and manner in which this effect is accomplished have changed. Modern ...technologies and current achievements regarding form have made the hovering effect interesting for both architects and conceptual artists. One of the ways of attaining the hovering effect in architecture worth considering is the use of either natural or man-made mirrors. The production of modern reflective materials has made it possible for architects to shape and create various designs in hovering architecture. The presented research is based on the Classification of the methods of achieving the hovering effect of architectonic structures. This classification is further expanded by the discussion and analysis of horizontal, vertical, oblique and curved mirrors. The novel and inventive way of their use contributes to achieving the effect that has been difficult or even impossible to achieve so far. The classification is expanded so as to represent a logical unity with the existing and improved ways of generating the effect by the use of mirrors. Moreover, it may be further improved by considering the concept known as invisible architecture and by relating it to hovering architecture.
From grape cultivation to ripening and harvest timing to processing, each step of the winemaking process can be a critical point when it comes to wine quality and phenolic composition. In this study, ...the influence of winemaking technology on resveratrol and quercetin content, as well as other polyphenolic compounds, was investigated. Resveratrol is a non-flavonoid polyphenolic stilbene synthesized by grape skin when damaged by infectious diseases or ionizing radiation. Quercetin is a phenol found in grape skins and stems and is produced to protect grapes from UV light damage. Trans-resveratrol and quercetin are known to act as antioxidants, reduce the risk of atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes, inhibit the growth of cancer cells, and prevent the release of allergic and inflammatory molecules. However, the question was whether red wine could be enriched with these phenols using a co-inoculation winemaking technology. The main new idea was to completely replace the cold maceration process with maceration with the addition of wild yeast (Torulaspora delbrueckii, Td). Maceration with the addition of wild yeast (Td) offers the following advantages over traditional cold maceration: (1) higher concentrations of trans-resveratrol (>35–40%) and quercetin (>35–40%) in the final wine, (2) the new wine has a higher potential for human health, (3) the wine has better aroma and stability due to the higher mannoprotein content, and (4) better energy efficiency in the production process. The study of stability during storage and aging also included derivatives of benzoic acid and hydroxycinnamic acid, piceid, catechin, naringenin, rutin, kaempherol, hesperetin, and anthocyanins. This study found that younger wines had higher phenolic content, while storage of the wine resulted in a decrease in total phenolic content, especially monomeric stilbenes and quercetin. This study represents a small part of the investigation of the influence of non-Saccharomyces yeasts on the phenolic profile of wine, which still requires extensive research with practical application. In addition, non-Saccharomyces yeasts such as Kluyveromyces thermotolerans, Candida stellata, and Metschnikowia pulcherrima could also be used in future studies.
This paper analyzes higher-order ruled surfaces in terms of their application in architecture and design. The possibilities of applying their characteristic segments and cuttings in the design of ...architectural objects, as well as the possibilities of their being multiplied and combined into more complex spatial structures are considered. The suggested design solutions should in practice enable the implementation of higher-order surfaces into the geometric forms of future architectural structures, as well as their use in different areas of design. The criteria for the selection of higher-order ruled surfaces are defined in this paper while their successful research, analysis and practical application are studied.
The idea of construction of twin buildings is as old as architecture itself, and yet there is hardly any study emphasizing their specificity. Most frequently there are two objects or elements in an ...architectural composition of "twins" in which there may be various symmetry relations, mostly bilateral symmetries. The classification of "twins" symmetry in this paper is based on the existence of bilateral symmetry, in terms of the perception of an observer. The classification includes both, 2D and 3D perception analyses. We start analyzing a pair of twin buildings with projection of the architectural composition elements in 2D picture plane (plane of the composition) and we distinguish four 2D keyframe cases based on the relation between the bilateral symmetry of the twin composition and the bilateral symmetry of each element. In 3D perception for each 2D keyframe case there are two sub-variants, with and without a symmetry plane parallel to the picture plane. The bilateral symmetry is dominant if the corresponding symmetry plane is orthogonal to the picture plane. The essence of the complete classification is relation between the bilateral (dominant) symmetry of the architectural composition and the bilateral symmetry of each element of that composition.
When they are collinear, projective spaces set with five pairs of biunivocally associated points are general. In order to map quadrics (II degree surfaces), in these spaces, the absolute conic was ...used. Geometrical position of all the absolute points in the infinitely distant plane of one space, i.e. an absolute conic of space cannot be graphically represented. To the infinitely distant planes are associated by the vanishing planes, and the absolute conics are associated by the conic in the vanishing planes, that is, figures of the absolute conics. Prior to mapping the quadrics, it is necessary to constructively determine the characteristics parameters such as the vanishing planes, axes and centers of space, and then the figures of the absolute conics, in the vanishing planes of both spaces. In order to constructively determine the figure of the absolute conic in the second space, a sphere in the first space was used, which maps into a rotating ellipsoid in the second space. The center of the sphere is on the axis of the first space, and the infinitely distant plane intersects it along the absolute conic. The associated rotational ellipsoid, whose center is on the axis of the seconds space is intersected by the vanishing plane of the first space along the imaginary circumference 𝑎𝐼, whose real representative is circumference 𝑎𝑧. The circumference 𝑎𝐼is the figure of the absolute conic of the first space. General collinear spaces are presented in a pair of Monge's projections.
The article deals with the complex dynamics of depopulation in rural areas in Serbia. Although the topic has been very topical in recent decades and research has long identified the causes and ...consequences of depopulation in numerous regions in Europe, there seems to be no systematic approach to the implementation of policies for the management of abandoned areas. We started from already known factors contributing to depopulation, including economic, social and environmental dimensions. Based on previous research, historical trends and a statistical database, we attempted to represent depopulation as a spatial process that has its own size, structure and consequences, using a new, quantitative methodology for grouping abandoned areas into clusters as basic units of dispersal of depopulated areas. The aim of the work was to quantitatively determine the size and structure of the depopulated area in Serbia after the 2022 census. The study opened up new fields of research for the future use of depopulated space, but also offered certain solutions for policy makers, researchers and municipalities struggling with the challenges of depopulation. The results of the work show the existence of 47 abandoned clusters in 10 administrative regions of Serbia, which is 17 more than in the 2011 census. Further homogenization and consolidation of clusters was found in the statistical regions: Toplička, Zaječarska, Jablanička, Pirotska and Raška region, i.e. an increase in the total depopulated area as well as its spatial expansion towards the north of the country.
Starting from the fundamental importance that relationship between nature and
culture has in humanities, particularly in relation to the nature of humans,
including intersection with the debate on ...gender and sex, I examine the
cyber-feminist approach of Donna Haraway. She interprets the concepts of
gender, race, nature, sex as chronotopes, changing products of specific
long-term histories, and not as self-evident data that would be grounded in
biology. By introducing the categories of chronotope (unified space-time),
cyborg (unified machine-mananimal), chthulocene (epoch of productive
cacophony and networking), Haraway deconstructs the dichotomous demarcation
between nature and culture, civilization and savagery, mind and body, male
and female, as well as the boundaries between gender and sex, characteristic
of the history of the humanities and related sciences, as well as of the
history of feminism itself.
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