Nakon sloma bipolarnog svijeta u krizu su dospjele multilateralne inicijative i organizacije, no istodobno raste njihovo značenje. Autor pobliže analizira jedan oblik multilateralnog angažmana, ...mirove operacije UN-a. U posljednjih pet godina znatno je porastao njihov broj, a najznačajnija se mirovna operacija vodi na području bivše Jugoslavije. Iako su mnoga iskustva te operacije negativna, ona bi u budućnosti mogla biti od koristi za reformu koncepta mirovnih operacija. Autor osobito naglašava nužnost da se mirovne operacije od zamrzavanja sukoba pomaknu prema nametanju mira te da se potonji cilj strogo razdvoji od humanitarnih zadataka, koje valja prepustiti za to specijaliziranim međunarodnim organizacijama. Mirovne se operacije trebaju razviti kao oblik multilateralnog intervencionizma, koji nedvojbeno ograničava suverenost pojedinih država i teži uspostavi reda. One se mogu nadopuniti i drugim sredstvima pritiska kojima raspolaže UN: sankcijama, diplomatskom izolacijom ili kontrolom naoružanja.
Pojava tzv. neutronske bombe na svjetskoj političkoj sceni uznemirila je duhove, posebno u Evropi. Bura protesta širom svijeta zdrava je reakcija sve svjesnijeg međunarodnog javnog mnijenja.
The subject of this paper is one of the most frequently used and least clarified notions in foreign affairs and the theory of international relations: the notion of security. It is most often found ...in discussions of the problems of the internal stability of political systems, protection of sovereignty, provision of peace and development and in discussions of the interests in disarmament. Public security means pro-vision of law and order and prevention of crime and terrorism, while state security implies provision of the continuity of the political system and constitutional government. National security is defined as an effort of every nation/state to preserve its sovereignty, territorial integrity, physical existence of its population, political independence and a right to development. Regional security is determined by the total political, ideological, economic and other relations in the region as well as by the interests of the great powers. International security is not a mere summation of the national security of individual countries but rather a commitment to appropriate values in international relations. Collective security is an instrument for the protection of the regional and international security. The author pays special attention to the security of developing countries as a separate model in international relations.
The Ethiopian revolution has eliminated feudalism, but the country has continued to be troubled by its feudal, i.e. imperialist, past. The attempts to ’integrate’ different, already formed, nations ...have been sustained even after the overthrow of Haile Selassie, for Mariam Mengistu did not change the unitaristic course pursued by his predecessor. The unsettled national question of Ethiopia is the root of most problems on the Horn of Africa. A number of liberation and separatist movements, as well as movements for autonomy, are active in the country, but their strength, positions, ideologies, claims and popular support differ greatly. The gravest situation is in Eritrea, where the longest war in Africa is in progress for the restaration of federal status within Ethiopia or for secession. The secession of Eritrea would make Ethiopia a landlocked state and would signal the beginning of its dismemberment. Hence the understandable et for Is to suppress to counterrevolution, though without much chance of success, especially after the unification of Eritrean liberation movements. The Eritrean question is a problem of so-called 'internal decolonisation' and of the right of the Eritrean people to self-determination. It differs from all other Ethiopian national claims by being founded on international treaties. Apart from this, Ethiopia is also the scene of activity of the Liberation Front of the Oromo People, the most numerous nation in Ethiopia, the Liberation Front of the Tigre People, the Afar Liberation Movement and the Front for the Liberation of West Somalia, which enjoys the strong support of the Somali Government. Some of these movements cooperate, but this cooperation is not strong enough to lead to the downfall of the present Ethiopian Government. A pacification of the situation in Ethiopia and on the Horn of Africa in general is inconceivable without a consistent application of the principles of Ethiopian revolution also to the national question. This need not result in the country’s fragmentation; on the contrary, it might provide a basis for the achievement of the sorely needed internal unity and for more harmonious relations with other states in the region.
Prikazi Pešić, Savo; Žiborski, Krešimir; Brkljačić, Ivo ...
Politička Misao,
1978, Letnik:
XV, Številka:
1
Book Review
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Edvard Kardelj, SKJ u revolucionarnoj akciji; Pierre Dockes, Internacionala kapitala; Socijalizam i američke vrijednosti; Svjetsko naoružanje i razoružanje - World Armaments and Disarmament; Dr ...Branimir M. Janković, Teorija i stvarnost u nauci o međunarodnim odnosima; France Vreg, Društveno komuniciranje
This study sought to evaluate the influence of methodologic aspects on variations in the findings of in vitro microleakage studies of the implant-abutment interface.
The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane ...Library databases were consulted for in vitro studies published between 1990 and August 2011. Date from the studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were arranged in tables and subjected to descriptive analysis.
Twenty-one studies were found to be eligible for the analysis after application of the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Sixteen studies used bacteria (76.2%), one used a bacterial toxin (4.76%), one used saliva (4.76%), two employed dyes (9.52%), and one used a combination of dyes and bacteria (4.76%). Eight studies evaluated microleakage from the inner portion of the implant to the external portion (38.1%) and nine examined the reverse (42.85%), while four studies investigated the relationship between them (19.05%). The volume inoculated inside the implants ranged from 0.1 to 5.0 mL. The bacterial concentrations used in the tests ranged from 2.41 x 10⁶ to 8 x 10⁸ colony-forming units/mL. Oral bacterial flora; mixtures of bacteria, toluidine blue, and gentian violet; and lipopolysaccharide of Salmonella enterica bacterial toxins were used. The monitoring period of test results ranged from 24 hours to 11 weeks for bacteria, 5 minutes to 7 days for dye, and 7 days for bacterial toxins. In four studies, microleakage was correlated with the size of the implant-abutment microgap. The external-hexagon implant configuration showed the greatest microleakage, followed by internal-trilobe, internal-hexagon, and internal-taper configurations.
The lack of standardization hinderd comparisons of the studies and could explain the divergent results. It is suggested for future studies that special emphasis be placed upon inoculation and analysis of the specific volume for each system, lower concentrations of inoculated bacterial suspensions, and shorter follow-up time when using bacteria.
