This article is the second part of a two‐part series about the history as well as the future of laser technology. In the first part (published in Laser Technik Journal issue 2/2010), the history ...processes and their perspectives have been discussed as well as the effects on markets and megatrends, thus their societal impact have been displayed. In the following we will focus on the environmental “green” aspects of coherent light.
Abstract
This article is the second part of a two‐part series about the history as well as the future of laser technology. In the first part (published in Laser Technik Journal issue 2/2010), the ...history processes and their perspectives have been discussed as well as the effects on markets and megatrends, thus their societal impact have been displayed. In the following we will focus on the environmental “green” aspects of coherent light.
The commercial launch of 6G communications systems and United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, UN SDGs, are both targeted for 2030. 6G communications is expected to boost global growth and ...productivity, create new business models and transform many aspects of society. The UN SDGs are a way of framing opportunities and challenges of a desirable future world and cover topics as broad as ending poverty, gender equality, climate change and smart cities. The relationship between these potentially mutually reinforcing forces is currently under-defined. Building on the vision for 6G, a review of megatrends, on-going activities on the relation of mobile communications to the UN SDGs and existing indicators, a novel linkage between 6G and the UN SDGs is proposed via indicators. The white paper has also launched the work of deriving new 6G related indicators to guide the research of 6G systems. The novel linkage is built on the envisaged three-fold role of 6G as a provider of services to help steer and support communities and countries towards reaching the UN SDGs, as an enabler of measuring tool for data collection to help reporting of indicators with hyperlocal granularity, and as a reinforcer of new ecosystems based on 6G technology enablers and 6G network of networks to be developed in line with the UN SDGs that incorporates future mobile communication technologies available in 2030. Related challenges are also identified. An action plan is presented along with prioritized focus areas within the mobile communication sector technology and industry evolution to best support the achievement of the UN SDGs.
Infectious agents may directly or indirectly (through the response of the host's immune system) modulate the growth of vascular cells. Local and/or systemic increase of cytokines could influence the ...extent of (re-)stenosis in the vascular tree. Further studies in this field may identify patients at a high risk for atherogenesis and restenosis. Their results should be helpful in treating restenosis after percutaneous coronary interventions.
The human cell line AGE1.hn (ProBioGen AG, Berlin, Germany) was originated from neural precursor tissue and has been adapted to serum-free conditions. During cultivation in shake flasks and ...bioreactors in 42-MAX-UB (serum-free, animal-component-free and chemically defined medium, Teutocell AG, Bielefeld, Germany), this cell line shows the tendency to aggregate, which leads to inexact cell counting and misleading lower viability. Methods for preventing agglomeration and the effects on protein expression are described here. For a first proteomic approach a protein-map out of 2DE-gels was generated. Almost 400 spots were isolated for tryptic digestion and conducted to MS-identification. Finally we identified 219 proteins with a significant score based on MASCOT-search. Identified protein-spots were labelled on a 2D-Protein map which can be used in further experiments with this cell line. To examine the influence of aggregates on protein expression, cultivation-experiments in shake flasks with increased calcium-concentration (fivefold) and three parallel bioreactors were performed, respectively. In this parallel approach according to the shake flask-cultivation, increased calcium-concentration and constant stirring speed in comparison to a standard cultivation with normal medium and adjusted stirring rate was used to induce aggregation.
Industrial applications of LIBS Noll, Reinhard; Sturm, Volker; Stepputat, Michael ...
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy,
09/2006
Book Chapter
IntroductionThe availability of compact and reliable laser sources, sensitive optical detectors, and powerful computers has helped to stimulate significant growth in industrial applications of LIBS ...during the past decade. This, together with a better understanding of the physical processes involved when intense laser radiation interacts with a material, has helped researchers to exploit the LIBS technique for various industrial applications ranging from process control of materials during manufacturing to rapid sorting of scrap materials during recycling and remote characterization of highly radioactive nuclear waste. LIBS is still regarded as an emerging technology and there remain many technological barriers that must be overcome before widespread industrial use becomes a reality.This chapter aims to provide the reader with a general overview of industrial applications of LIBS and is not meant to provide an exhaustive review of the field. The scope has been restricted to applications of LIBS in an industrial rather than laboratory environment. Accordingly, the various laboratory-based LIBS instruments that are now available from a number of manufacturers are not discussed here. The chapter has been written in four sections relating to the following general areas of industry: (ⅰ) metals and alloys processing, (ⅱ) scrap sorting and recycling, (ⅲ) nuclear power generation and spent fuel reprocessing, and (ⅳ) miscellaneous industrial applications.Metals and alloys processingBackgroundThe continuously increasing requirements for productivity and product quality in the metal producing and processing industries initiate the demand for measuring methods having the potential to analyze the chemical composition of the processed materials at high speed and – if possible – on-line.
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