Tremor induced by TRH and oxotremorine was recorded by a capacitance transducer, and its intensity and frequency were evaluated using power arrays. In mice treated with TRH (20 mg/kg, i.p.), the ...latency of tremor was 17.1±1.7 min (mean±S.E.) and the duration was 20.4±2.2 min, while the frequency was 13.7±0.3 Hz. In animals with oxotremorine (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.), the latency was 4.3±0.4 min and the duration was 18±2.2 min, while the frequency was 12.7±0.3 Hz. The latter frequency, however, was significantly shifted to a lower frequency as a function of time. In TRH-induced tremor, vertical movements appeared in the same degree as horizontal movements. In oxotremorine-induced tremor, the vertical movements were few, whereas the horizontal movements were observed in a degree similar to those of TRH. The TRH tremor was suppressed by haloperidol and propranolol, but not by atropine. On the contrary, the oxotremorine tremor was inhibited by atropine, but not by haloperidol or propranolol. These results suggest that mechanisms of tremor induced by TRH differ qualitatively from those by oxotremorine; dopaminergic and β-adrenergic receptor mediated functions may be linked to the developments of tremor caused by TRH, while cholinergic systems have a little effect in mice. The apparatus used in this study and power spectral analysis with power arrays may provide a useful method for simultaneous evaluation of the latency, duration, intensity and frequency of tremors.
INTRODUCTIONPrimary malignant melanoma of the esophagus is a rare but highly aggressive tumor with poor prognosis. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice. However, some cases may be diagnosed ...with advanced inoperable disease. Palliative radiotherapy may be used to relieve symptoms caused by the esophageal tumor. CASE PRESENTATIONWe report on a case of advanced inoperable primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus treated with palliative radiotherapy. The patient's dysphagia resolved with radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONMalignant melanoma of the esophagus is rare. Patients with advanced inoperable malignant melanomas of the esophagus benefit from radiation therapy. Radiation therapy is effective for palliation.
X-ray observations have shown that the chemical abundance in the starburst galaxy M82 is quite rich in Si and S compared with oxygen. Such an abundance pattern cannot be explained with any ...combination of conventional Type I and II supernova yields. Also the energy to heavy element mass ratio of the observed hot plasma is much higher than the value resulted from normal supernovae. We calculate explosive nucleosynthesis in core-collapse hypernovae and show that the abundance pattern and the large ratio between the energy and the heavy element mass can be explained with the hypernova nucleosynthesis. Such hypernova explosions are expected to occur for stars more massive than >~ 20-25 Msun, and likely dominating the starburst, because the age after the starburst in M82 is estimated to be as short as ~ 10^6 - 10^7 yr. We also investigate pair-instability supernovae (~ 150-300 Msun) and conclude that the energy to heavy element mass ratio in these supernovae is too small to explain the observation.
Precancerous lesion of the oral cavity Numata, Tsutomu; Nemoto, Toshimitu; Yuza, Jun ...
Stomato-pharyngology,
1996/02/29, Letnik:
8, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Two cases of squamous cell carcinoma occurred out of 19 patients with oral leukoplakia who were treated at our department during the last 10 years. These 2 cases are reported in this paper. The first ...case was a 68-year-old man. He had had a white lesion on the right side of the tongue for about one and a half years when he first visited our department. Histologically, it was diagnosed as leukoplakia with slight dysplasia of the epithelium and parakeratosis. He underwent laser vaporization of this lesion in 1991. In about 2 months, a small tumor developed within the field of laser surgery which proved to be a well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma by biopsy. He underwent partial glossctomy, but cervical lymphnode metastaes developed soon. In spite of the treatement, including further surgery, irradiation and chemothrapy, he died of lung metastasis of the tumor the next year. The second case was a 51-year-old woman. She had a leukoplakia on the right side of the tongue. Histologically, there was moderate dysplasia of the eqithelium and parakeratosis. She had been followed up for about 8 years when a small exophytic lesion developed. It was confirmed to be a well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma by an excisional biopsy. She underwent partial glossectomy in order to totally remove the white lesion and has been followed with a good postoperative course.
On December 27, 2004, plasma particle detectors on the GEOTAIL spacecraft
detected an extremely strong signal of hard X-ray photons from the giant flare
of SGR1806-20, a magnetar candidate. While ...practically all gamma-ray detectors
on any satellites were saturated during the first ~500 ms interval after the
onset, one of the particle detectors on GEOTAIL was not saturated and provided
unique measurements of the hard X-ray intensity and the profile for the first
600 ms interval with 5.48 ms time resolution. After ~50 ms from the initial
rapid onset, the peak photon flux (integrated above ~50 keV) reached the order
of 10^7 photons sec^{-1} cm^{-2}. Assuming a blackbody spectrum with kT=175
keV, we estimate the peak energy flux to be 21 erg sec^{-1} cm^{-2} and the
fluence (for 0-600 ms) to be 2.4 erg cm^{-2}. The implied energy release
comparable to the magnetic energy stored in a magnetar (~10^{47} erg) suggests
an extremely efficient energy release mechanism.
Objective. To investigate the effect of T cell depletion on established collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) in mice, using monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to T cell receptor α/β (TCRα/β). In addition, ...experiments using anti‐CD3 MAb were performed for comparison.
Methods. CIA was induced in male DBA/1 mice by immunizing them twice with bovine type II collagen (CII). The arthritis score and anti‐CII antibody titers were examined serially. Proportions of T cells were determined by fluorescence‐activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis on spleen cells or peripheral blood cells.
Results. When anti‐TCRα/β MAb was injected on the day of CII priming, no arthritis was detected in association with depressed anti‐CII antibody titers. Unexpectedly, however, when MAb was given after arthritis was established, a rapid exacerbation of arthritis was observed, which resulted in ankylosis of most joints. Anti‐CII antibody titers were not affected. The addition of anti‐TCRγ/δ MAb had no effect on the augmented arthritis. T cell depletion by anti‐CD3 MAb during established CIA also caused an enhancement of arthritis, which was, however, weak and only transient. FACS analysis revealed that the early improvement of arthritis after the transient augmentation seen in the mice treated with anti‐CD3 MAb paralleled the early recovery of α/β T cells in the periphery.
Conclusion. The present results support the concept that α/β T cells, in general, may play a regulatory role in the clinical course of murine CIA after disease onset. Therefore, caution is recommended when using intensive T cell—targeted therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
The effects of splenectomy on tumor growth following inoculation with a relatively large number of cells (1 X 10(7) ) and a smaller number of cells (5 X 10(5) ) of Meth I tumor were studied. When 1 X ...10(7) tumor cells were inoculated, tumor growth in splenectomized mice was depressed, while tumor in sham-operated mice grew progressively. On the contrary, when 5 X 10(5) tumor cells were inoculated, the tumor take was lower in sham-operated than in splenectomized mice. The spleen cells from mice inoculated with either a large or small number of tumor cells, showed an equally potent cytotoxic activity, but no detectable suppressor cell activity. On the other hand, the activity of immunosuppressive factor was detected in sera from mice inoculated with 1 X 10(7) tumor cells, but not in those given 5 X 10(5) cells. The effect of splenectomy on tumor growth is, thus, bidirectional, depending on the dose of tumor cells inoculated.
On December 27, 2004, plasma particle detectors on the GEOTAIL spacecraft detected an extremely strong signal of hard X-ray photons from the giant flare of SGR1806-20, a magnetar candidate. While ...practically all gamma-ray detectors on any satellites were saturated during the first ~500 ms interval after the onset, one of the particle detectors on GEOTAIL was not saturated and provided unique measurements of the hard X-ray intensity and the profile for the first 600 ms interval with 5.48 ms time resolution. After ~50 ms from the initial rapid onset, the peak photon flux (integrated above ~50 keV) reached the order of 10^7 photons sec^{-1} cm^{-2}. Assuming a blackbody spectrum with kT=175 keV, we estimate the peak energy flux to be 21 erg sec^{-1} cm^{-2} and the fluence (for 0-600 ms) to be 2.4 erg cm^{-2}. The implied energy release comparable to the magnetic energy stored in a magnetar (~10^{47} erg) suggests an extremely efficient energy release mechanism.
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