On EL-semihypergroups Novák, M.
European journal of combinatorics,
February 2015, Letnik:
44
Journal Article
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This paper is a contribution to the investigation of hyperstructures in connection with binary relations, i.e. to one of the areas covered by canonical books on hyperstructure theory. We use a ...construction of hyperstructures from quasi- or partially ordered semigroups and study cases which result in semihypergroups such that the reproductive law does not hold. First, such cases are identified. Then we study some of their properties. Examples as well as some applications on isolated particular results obtained earlier without the theoretical background of this paper are included.
Photosynthetic euglenids are major contributors to fresh water ecosystems. Euglena gracilis in particular has noted metabolic flexibility, reflected by an ability to thrive in a range of harsh ...environments. E. gracilis has been a popular model organism and of considerable biotechnological interest, but the absence of a gene catalogue has hampered both basic research and translational efforts.
We report a detailed transcriptome and partial genome for E. gracilis Z1. The nuclear genome is estimated to be around 500 Mb in size, and the transcriptome encodes over 36,000 proteins and the genome possesses less than 1% coding sequence. Annotation of coding sequences indicates a highly sophisticated endomembrane system, RNA processing mechanisms and nuclear genome contributions from several photosynthetic lineages. Multiple gene families, including likely signal transduction components, have been massively expanded. Alterations in protein abundance are controlled post-transcriptionally between light and dark conditions, surprisingly similar to trypanosomatids.
Our data provide evidence that a range of photosynthetic eukaryotes contributed to the Euglena nuclear genome, evidence in support of the 'shopping bag' hypothesis for plastid acquisition. We also suggest that euglenids possess unique regulatory mechanisms for achieving extreme adaptability, through mechanisms of paralog expansion and gene acquisition.
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Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The forensically important genus Thanatophilus Leach, 1815 (Coleoptera: Silphidae) is a widespread group of carrion beetles that occupies the Holarctic and Afrotropical realms. It has recently ...received more recognition, as its species are frequently detected on large carrion, including humans, and can be useful in estimating the time of colonization (TOC) and the post-mortem interval (PMI). The immature stages of Thanatophilus sinuatus (Fabricius, 1775) were reared on three different meat diets (pork liver, pork muscle, and chicken muscle). Diet influence on some of the essential life history traits of the species was examined for different populations. Our findings indicated an accelerated development on pork muscle followed closely by pork liver and a prolonged development on chicken muscle. The diet significantly affected the size, and the body condition (weight/size) as both pork muscle and liver produced individuals in better physical condition (larger and heavier). The impact of two cyclic photoperiod regimes (16 h Light (L): 8 h Dark (D) and 12 h L: 12 h D) was further evaluated and indicated no significant variability.
Coleoptera are currently considered a fundamental tool to help solve criminal investigations, allowing forensic entomologists to estimate post-mortem intervals and obtain other ecology-related ...information. Thanatophilus rugosus (Linnaeus, 1758) is an important necrophagous beetle distributed through most of the Palaearctic region, where it is readily found on human bodies and animal carcasses. In this study, the new thermal summation models for all the developmental stages of Thanatophilus rugosus are provided. Beetles were reared at six different constant and ecologically relevant temperatures (12, 14, 16, 18, 20, and 22 °C), and their developmental times were measured. Thermal summation constants were calculated for each developmental stage (egg, three larval instars, post-feeding stage, and pupa).
In canonical books on hyperstructures a number of applications of hyperstructure theory and its relations to various areas of mathematics are included. The relations of hyperstructures and ordered ...sets have been touched upon by Vougiouklis or Corsini. One aspect of this issue was thoroughly studied by Chvalina and Rosenberg. Cristea, Spartalis and others have been exploring other aspects such as generalization of the relations or constructing special cases. In this paper we present a theoretical background for the use of the “Ends lemma” — another construction often used to create hyperstructures from quasi/partially ordered (semi)groups in a number of contexts including the study of differential equations, matrix theory or applications of preference relations in microeconomics.
Insect pupae sampled at a death scene may be used to estimate the post-mortem interval. The pupal age is however difficult to estimate, as there are no good quantitative markers for the age of a ...pupa. We present a novel method for pupal age estimation based on the quantification of contrast in intensity between the eyes of a pupa and the middle grey photography card as a standard background. The intensity is measured on a standardized scale from 0 (perfect black) to 255 (perfect white) using computer graphical software and pictures of the eye and the background taken with a stereomicroscope. Eye-background contrast is calculated by subtracting the average intensity of the eye from the average intensity of the background. The method was developed and validated using pupae of Necrodes littoralis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera: Silphidae), one of the most abundant beetle species on human cadavers in Central Europe. To develop the model, pupae were reared in 17, 20 and 23 °C, with a total of 120 specimens. The method was validated by three raters, using in total 182 pupae reared in 15, 17, 20, 23 and 25 °C. We found a gradual increase in eye-background contrast with pupal age. Changes followed generalized logistic function, with almost perfect fit of the model. Using our method pupal age was estimated with the average error of 8.1 accumulated degree-days (ADD). The largest error was 27.8 ADD and 95% of age estimates had errors smaller than 20 ADD. While using the method, different raters attained similar accuracy. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that eye-background contrast is a good quantitative marker for the age of N. littoralis pupae. Contrast measurements gave accurate estimates for pupal age. Our method is thus proven to be a candidate for a reliable approach to age insect pupae in forensic entomology.
In the paper we study ordered sets in which multi-valued aspects are important. To be more precise, we focus on
EL
-hyperstructures, i.e. semihypergroups constructed from partially ordered ...semigroups. We show that when certain slight modifications of the concept (motivated by real-life situations) are introduced, the applicability of this model increases as we are able to reduce the number of its assumptions, bypass some existing problems and at the same time apply the idea in a greater number of contexts.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a rather common disease with a prevalence reaching up to 10 or 20% in the western world. The most specific symptoms which point to the diagnosis of GERD are ...feelings of heartburn and the regurgitation of acidic stomach contents into the esophagus. However, a certain number of patients do not respond to standard therapy, and in these cases, it is necessary to resort to other treatment methods, such as laparoscopic fundoplication or electrostimulation of the lower esophageal sphincter. The aim of our work was to design and manufacture a miniature, battery-less stimulator to provide electric stimulation of the lower esophageal sphincter, which could be implanted deep into the submucosa of the distal esophagus. The main goal was to provide a battery-less system as opposed to traditional battery neurostimulators to reduce the size and weight of the device. An electronic prototype of a wirelessly powered implantable device was developed. We used animal models for the experiments. The device is designed to treat GERD via electrical stimulation of the muscularis propria. It is implanted into the submucosal pocket by the lower esophageal sphincter with an endoscope. This method of implantation is superior to esophageal stimulators used today because of very low invasiveness of the surgery. Bipolar neurostimulation via two gold-plated leads is provided. The device does not have any source of energy; it is powered wirelessly which reduces the risk of potential battery leakage and reduces the overall dimensions.
Abstract In the framework of the Future Circular Collider Study a new septum magnet concept, nicknamed ‘SuShi’ has been developed, and a prototype was built at Wigner Research Center for Physics, and ...tested at the FREIA facility of Uppsala University in April 2023. The concept uses a canted cosine theta (CCT)-like superconducting magnet and a passive superconducting shield to create a zero-field and high-field region within its aperture. SuShi is the first CCT magnet with both of its winding layers simultaneously impregnated with wax. This paper describes the first powering test of the empty magnet at 4.2 K, without the shield being inserted in its aperture. The performance of the magnet, including the observation of quench-back, estimation of hot-spot temperatures and the fraction of energy dissipated in the magnet are presented, and most interestingly the absence of any quench during the entire testing period is reported. Sushi reached its nominal +5% peak field of 3.64 T at 450 A, which corresponds to 80% of the calculated short sample limit along the load line, without training.
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