This article documents the agency of indigenous women in negotiations surrounding major resource projects on indigenous lands. The dominant view in the academic and activist literature is that ...indigenous women are excluded from negotiations, which helps explain their failure to share in project benefits. The author's experience as a negotiator for indigenous communities in Australia and his research in Canada reveals a different picture, indicating that indigenous women often play a central role in negotiations. The article seeks to explain the inconsistency between the findings reported here and much of the literature, in terms of a broader tendency in the latter to downplay the agency of women in relation to mining; and its failure to adequately recognize the multiple and complex ways in which indigenous women can influence negotiations, and the role of specific cultural, institutional and political contexts in shaping women's participation.
International Relations (IR) scholars have devoted considerable attention to domestic adoption of international norms, because application of these norms occurs largely through domestic political ...systems. This article argues that research on norm adoption is hampered by characteristics of current IR theory that result in a lack of appropriate attention to key actors and processes. The role of corporations in norm adoption is largely ignored, reflecting a wider failure to theorise their role in international politics. The agency of domestic groups that stand to benefit from application of international norms is underplayed, reflecting the heavy emphasis on structural factors that characterises the dominant constructivist approach to analysis of international norms. The interplay between material and ideational resources and strategies in norm contests receives inadequate attention, reflecting a continuing tendency to see constructivism and rationalism as
alternative
explanatory frameworks. The article presents a model of domestic norm adoption that allows these shortcomings to be addressed, with implications for IR theory generally.
During the last fifteen years a fundamental change has occurred in the settlement patterns associated with resource projects in remote regions of Australia and Canada. The earlier practice of ...establishing new mine townships has virtually ceased. Most new projects rely on a "rotational" workforce which is regularly transported between the work site and scheduled pick-up points. These are typically major population centers, where the workers' families continue to reside. This shift to Long Distance Commuting (LDC) has profound implications for native peoples, but as yet these implications are poorly understood. The information which is available indicates that while LDC allows some native people to reconcile their need to earn cash incomes with their desire to maintain elements of a traditional lifestyle, it can also have negative effects both on individuals and on native societies. A number of areas are identified where additional research is needed if native peoples are to be in a position to make informed decisions in relation to LDC.
Papua New Guinea Manning, H J; Faircheallaigh, Ciaran O'
The American journal of economics and sociology,
01/2000, Letnik:
59, Številka:
1
Journal Article
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