Bioactive peptides are short peptides approximately 2–30 amino acids in length. They are inactive within the sequence of the parent protein and can be released during gastrointestinal digestion, ...during food processing or by hydrolysis using commercial enzymes. Meat derived peptides have a myriad of bioactive potential including, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-thrombotic, ACE-I-inhibitory and cytomodulatory functions. Antioxidant and antimicrobial peptides isolated from meat muscle sources may be used as functional ingredient in food formulations to impart human health benefits and/or improve the shelf life of foods. This review collates information regarding peptidic hydrolysates with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties isolated from vertebrate and invertebrate muscle and by-products, identifying the sources, the isolation and characterisation techniques used, and the methods used to demonstrate these bioactivities
in vitro.
The aim of the study addresses the inequity in oral health status of long stay psychiatric patients, by promoting an inter-disciplinary team approach to oral health promotion. A cross sectional study ...using a modified version of the oral health assessment guide (OHAG) (Eilers et al 1988, Sjorgen & Nordstrom 2000) was used by a nurse who received training and calibration at the School of Dentistry, Queen's University, Belfast, to assess the oral health status of long stay psychiatric patients. The paper provides an overview of the literature relating to oral health within the context of holistic health. It highlights the non-random distribution of oral health problems amongst psychiatric patients and the potential contribution of health needs assessment to the realization of equity. The study focused on 65 long stay patients in a psychiatric hospital, mean length of time patients had been in the hospital was 25.6 years; nine patients had been living in the hospital between 40 and 65 years. The study achieved a response rate of 82% and identified that oral health of the psychiatric patients was generally very poor, compared to the general population. Only one patient did not have calculus, decayed or fractured teeth and 12 of the patients were endentate and there was a conspicuous absence of health promoting behaviours amongst the patient group. A case study is used to highlight the lived reality of the patients and the need for a holistic and an inter-disciplinary approach to oral health promotion, for patients residing in a psychiatric setting. This preliminary investigation highlights the benefits of systematic assessment of need: in this instance the use of the OHAG as a tool, for promoting equity based care by making visible the non random distribution of oral health problems amongst the patients.
Aim. The aim of this paper is to introduce the theoretical framework that directs the project.
Background. The Novice Computer Decision Support (N‐CODES) Project is developing a point‐of‐care ...system to assist novice acute care nurses while making clinical judgements. Unlike prior approaches, N‐CODES is guided by a theoretical understanding of nurses’ decision‐making processes, including the manner by which novices develop this skill.
Framework. Assumptions within information processing theory guided the clinical decision‐making framework. The framework is composed of a clinical decision‐making model and a second embedded model depicting the clinical reasoning development of novice nurses.
Models. The model is developed within a pluralistic perspective synthesizing theoretical and empirical knowledge on clinical decision‐making and the development of novice reasoning skills. A visual representation of experienced nurse decision‐making is presented. A central element is the nurse's use of pre‐encounter data and working knowledge. A second model integrates empirical data on the developing clinical reasoning of the novice. This knowledge is loosely scattered through 25 years of literature. The intersection of these models provides a novel perspective on the way novices begin to identify working knowledge patterns and develop a sense of saliency.
Conclusions. Previous attempts to build comprehensive clinical decision support systems have disregarded important theoretical considerations hindering the success of these projects. Grounding a Decision Support System in a theoretical model of novice nurse decision‐making will strengthen the utility and acceptance of the Decision Support System. Additionally, a conceptualization of novice nurse development is an asset to nurse educators, managers and scientists interested in improving clinical decision‐making.
Chicken surimi was prepared from fresh mechanically separated chicken meat using a sodium bicarbonate washing process. The heat-induced gelation properties were assessed under different conditions of ...pH, temperature, heating rate, protein and sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) concentrations. Surimi gel strength increased (p 0.05) after: reducing pH from 6.4 to 6.0, increasing temperature from 40 degrees C to 80 degrees C, reducing heating rate from 5 degrees C/min to 1 degree C/min, increasing protein concentration from 4% (w/w) to 8% (w/w) or addition of 0.3% (w/w) TPP. Freeze thaw stability studies revealed that the gel strength of surimi decreased (p 0.05) when subjected to frozen storage at -18 degrees C
Using the combination of theoretical analysis and empirical observation, this study identified critical features of decision making in the study group of home healthcare nurses. Relationships among ...clinical inferencing, clinical decision making, and the factors that contribute to both are reported in the study.
