The reaction between NaAsO2 and oxalic acid was studied by pH-metric and conductometric measurements, applying the methods of continual variation and pH-metric and conductometric titration. It was ...found that oxalic acid forms a complex anion of the type AsOC2O4-. The relative stability constant of the complex at ionic strengths, I, of 0.10 (log Kr = 4.70), 0.20 (log Kr=4.51), 0.50 (log Kr = 4.24) and 0 (log K 0 = 5.05) and thermodynamic parameters were calculated using the data obtained by pH-metric measurements at 25.0?0.1?C (DH = 10.5 kJ mol-1, DG = -29.0 kJ mol-1, DS = 133 J mol-1 K-1).
Reakcija NaAsO2 sa oksalnom kiselinom ispitana je merenjem pH i provodljivosti, metodom kontinualne varijacije i pH-metrijskim i konduktometrijskim titracijama. Nadjeno je da oksalna kiselina gradi kompleks AsOC2O4-. Na osnovu pH-metrijskih merenja izracunata je relativna konstanta stabilnosti kompleksa na 25?0.1?C pri jonskim jacinama od 0,10 (log Kr = 4,70), 0,20 (log Kr = 4,51), 0,50 (log Kr = 4,24) i 0 (log Kr,0 = 5,05), kao i termodinamicki parametri reakcije kompleksiranja na 25?0,1?C (DH = 10,5 kJ mol-1, DG = = -29,0 kJ mol-1, DS = 133 J mol-1 K-1).
The antioxidant capacity and the phenolic content of 3 dried red currant samples from different geographical regions were studied. Three solvent systems were used (methanol, ethanol, and acetone) at ...the same concentrations (70%) and with 100% deionized water in presence 0.1% HCl. The antioxidant capacity of the dried fruit extracts was evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging assays. The efficiency of the solvents used to extract phenols from the 3 dried red currant samples varied considerably. The polyphenol content of the dried red currant samples was 3.26 to 12.68 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dried fruit. The high phenolic content was significantly correlated with the high antioxidant capacity. The following compounds were identified and quantified using HPLC with photodiode-array detection: 3 anthocyanins, 2 flavonols, 2 flavan-3-ols, and 3 hydroxycinnamic acids in all samples. Generally, red currant fruits are a rich source of phenolics, which shows an evident antioxidant capacity.
The aim of the study was evaluation of the clinical reliability of the immunoscintigraphy for the detection of metastases and recurrences of colorectal carcinomas using three different ...radiopharmaceutical substances. With IMACIS 1, the number of true negative findings (TN) was 4/7 and true positive (TP) 3/7, while in one patient, the results of immunoscintigraphy significantly influenced the therapeutical management. With INDIMACIS 19-9, there were 2/8 TN and 6/8 TP. In three patients, immunoscintigraphy results influenced patient further management. With ONCOSCINT in 2 patients findings were TN, in one FN and in one FP. In 3 patients, immunoscintigraphy influenced the management of the patient. Other imaging methods (CT, US, MRI) have advantage in detection of liver metastases, while immunoscintigraphy is more specific for the assessment of reccurences of the abdominal tumors. Thus immunoscintigraphy should be applied in patients with suggested recurrences and inconclusive outcome of routine diagnostic workup.
The prognostic meaning of myocardial viability is most important in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction and ischaemic heart disease, but its prognostic significance in patients with ...previous myocardial infarction and mild-to-moderate myocardial dysfunction is uncertain. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of a Tl single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) rest-redistribution study in patients with previous myocardial infarction, ischaemic heart disease and mild-to-moderate myocardial dysfunction. Myocardial viability was assessed in 55 patients (50 male; mean age 58±9 years) by Tl SPECT rest-redistribution (after 4 h) scintigraphy. All patients had previous myocardial infarction (>3 months) and angiographically documented coronary artery disease, with the mean ejection fraction of 43±10%. Out of 55 patients, 20 were medically treated and 35 were revascularized. The follow-up period for adverse cardiac events, including death and non-fatal myocardial infarction, was 12 months. Tl SPECT study was positive for myocardial viability in 36 patients (65%) and negative in 19 patients (35%). Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for functional improvement in the follow-up period were 85%, 75%, 92% and 60%. Out of seven (13%) cardiac events in the follow-up period (four cardiac deaths and three reinfarctions), five occurred in 20 medically treated patients and two in 35 revascularized patients (25% vs 6%, P<0.05). Absence of myocardial viability was the only variable associated with adverse cardiac events (P = 0.02). Survival at 12 months, as determined by using Kaplan-Meier analysis, was 56% for medically treated and non-viable patients, 80% for revascularized and non-viable patients, 91% for medically treated and viable patients, and 100% for revascularized and viable patients (P = 0.0034). These findings suggest that in patients with previous myocardial infarction and mild-to-moderate myocardial dysfunction, the absence of myocardial viability as determined by the Tl SPECT study was the only variable associated with adverse cardiac events. The best 12 month survival was observed in revascularized viable patients, whereas the worse prognosis was found in non-viable, medically treated patients.
The Sava river alluvion was the only water-supplying resource in Belgrade for decades, until 1986 (Fig. 1). Since 1986, water-supplying resource has become the river Sava, from whose waterflow ...certain quantities of water are being tapped and treated. The water source consists of 100 wells with horizontal drains and certain number of vertical tubular wells. The basic water source problems are related to the yield decrease. The reasons are colmation of the river bed and well ageing. Recently, the impact of ageing and colmation of well drains is becoming more and more dominant. The problem of safe city water supply is becoming evident, because all the installations are placed on one resource – the Sava river. The problem of the city-water source interaction is also evident. The city is putting “pressure” on the source, and the protection zones of the source disturb the city. The realization of very extensive study is in progress, which should point to the directions and ways to solve these problems. This work shortly presents the Belgrade groundwater source. Also, it shortly presents the installation ageing at the Belgrade water source, and directions for solving the problem.
The aim of the study is assessment of the relationship between enterogastric reflux and the presence of Helicobacter pylori infection as factors that cause gastritis, peptic ulcer and adenocarcinoma ...ventriculi. The study was performed in 52 patients with different digestive disorders, using gamma camera, during 90 min (1 frame/min) after intravenous injection of 185 MBq 99mTc-dietil IDA in the cubital vein. According to time/activity curves from the region of hepatobiliary system and stomach, index of enterogastric reflux (EGR) was assessed. There was no correlation between the presence of Helicobacter pylori and EGR (r = 0.181, df = 52, p > 0.05). However, Helicobacter pylori was present more frequently in the patients with positive EGR (p < 0.01), but there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in reflux value in patients with either positive or negative findings of Helicobacter pylori.
The content of phenolics: total phenols (TP), flavonoids (TF), anthocyanins (TA) and hydroxycinnamic acid as well as the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in nine commercial red fruit juices (sour ...cherry, black currant and red grape) produced in Serbia were evaluated. The total compounds content was measured by spectrophotometric methods, TAC was determined using DPPH assays, and individual anthocyanins and hydroxycinnamic acids was determined using HPLC-DAD methods. Among the examined fruit juices, the black currant juices contained the highest amounts of all groups of the phenolics and exhibited strong antioxidant capacity. The amount of anthocyanins determined by HPLC method ranged from 92.36 to 512.73 mg/L in red grape and black currant juices, respectively. The anthocyanins present in the investigated red fruit juices were derivatives of cyanidin, delphinidin, petunidin, peonidin and malvidin. The predominant phenolic acid was neoclorogenic acid in sour cherry, caffeic acid in black currant, and rho-coumaric acid in black grape juices. Generally, the red fruit juices produced in the Serbia are a rich source of the phenolic, which show evident antioxidant capacity.
The aim of the study was to introduce the chosen and modified model of the nuclear medicine method for the detection and quantification of enterogastric reflux, as well as evaluation of its clinical ...validity.
The study was performed in 172 patients: with gastric and duodenal ulcer, after Billroth I and Billroth II gastrectomy, with gastroesophageal reflux, after cholecystectomy, with chronic cholecystitis and chronic duodenal disease. Acquisition was performed with a gamma camera, during 90 min after intravenous application of 185MBq 99mTc-Dietil IDA. Test meal was given in the 30th minute, while the gastric region was marked at the end of the study. On the basis of the radioactivity changes in the regions of the stomach and hepatobiliary system, the presence of enterogastric reflux was determined and its index calculated.
In all the groups of patients, values were significantly higher than in the controls (P < 0.05). The most frequent occurrence and the largest quantity of reflux was present in patients after Billroth II gastrectomy with significantly different values from other groups of patients (P < 0.05).
The obtained results approve clinical value of the chosen and modified scintigraphy of enterogastric reflux, as a non-invasive and physiological method, which provides exact data about its presence and quantity.
Immunoscintigraphy combines the advances in immunology and nuclear medicine to target tumor sites. Visualization of colorectal carcinomas is based on different monoclonal antibodies and their ...fragments against tumor-associated antigens labeled with gamma emitting radionuclides which accumulate in the tumor tissue due to their interaction with corresponding antigens. Available data on the role of immunoscintigraphy in detection of recurrence and metastases of colorectal carcinomas are reviewed. Despite a variety of investigations related to the application of immunoscintigraphy in diagnostics of colorectal cancer, using different radiolabeled immunoreactive agents and imaging methods there has not been a consensus among the investigators regarding the best modality of the method, including the specific radiopharmaceutical for this purpose. Some general conclusions concerning potentials of immunoscintigraphy in such diagnostics, including expectancy of the newly developed SPECT/CT systems, are suggested. The possibilities of PET imaging of colorectal carcinomas using monoclonal antibodies labeled with positron emitting radionuclides, as well as of the radioimmunoguided surgery and radioimmunotherapy are also discussed. Key words: Immunoscintigraphy, colorectal cancer, recurrences, metastases, radioimmunoguided surgery, SPECT/CT.
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