DETERMINATION OF HEAVY METALS IN SOUR CHERRY USING BY ICP-OES Obradovic, Mirjana V; Mitic, Milan N; Pavlovic, Aleksandra ...
International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference : SGEM,
01/2010, Letnik:
2
Conference Proceeding, Journal Article
Three sour cherries cultivare, Marela, Oblacinska and Cigancica, collected from a south Serbia were evaluated and compered for their content of heavy metals. Inductively coupled plasma optical ...emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) is widely recognized as a suitable technique for the determination of heavly metals. The content od Cd and Pb are in intervale 0.066-0.399 and 3.466-7. 1 99 mu g/l 0Og fresh weight of sour cherry.
The aim of this paper was to compare the value of bone scintigraphy and radiography in the early diagnosis of post-fracture reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD). Thirty-seven adult patients with ...post-fracture RSD (28 in the first and nine in the second clinical stage of RSD), as well as seven patients with fracture but without RSD (control group), were investigated by radiography and bone scintigraphy. All of them were immobilized (duration of immobilization: 4-22 weeks). In 21 persons three phase bone scintigraphy was performed. The best distinction between the control group and the RSD patients was achieved by delayed bone scintigrams. The sensitivity (97%), positive predictive value (97%) and accuracy (95%) of delayed bone scintigraphy were very high compared to the values for radiography, which were 73%, 90% and 70% respectively. Bone scintigraphy also displayed higher specificity (86%) and negative predictive value (86%) than radiography (57% and 29% respectively). In the first clinical stage the difference between the accuracy of bone scintigraphy (97%) and radiography (63%) was greater than for the whole group. In the second stage of RSD the accuracy of bone scintigraphy (86%) and radiography (81%) was similar. Three-phase bone scintigraphy is not necessary for the diagnosis of post-fracture RSD: it is sufficient to perform delayed bone scintigraphy. It is concluded that bone scintigraphy is to be preferred to radiography for the early diagnosis of post-fracture RSD in the first clinical stage. In the second stage the diagnostic capabilities of bone scintigraphy and radiography are more comparable.
Aim: The aim of the study is the detection of primary and metastatic neuroendocrine tumors using super(111)In pentetreotide (OctreoScan), which is a long-acting analog of somatostatin. Patients and ...Methods: A total of 30 patients was investigated. Scintigraphy of the whole body, (and tomography 360 degree /6 degree if necessary) was performed 4h - 48 h after i.v. administration of 111MBq super(111)In pentetreotide. Results: In the group with 12 neuroendocrine carcinomas of unknown origin, there were 10 true positive (TP) findings (6 with liver metastases, one with liver, lung, and bone metastases, one with liver and mediastinal lymph node metastases and 2 with liver and retroperitoneal lymph node metastases), while 2 were false negative (FN) (poorly differentiated carcinoma with retroperitoneal metastases). In 6 patients scintigraphy influenced further patient management. From the group of 12 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, in 8 neuroendocrine pancreatic carcinomas, there were 6 TP (4 with liver metastases) and 2 FN (poorly differentiated). In 2 patients with pancreatic gastrinomas findings were TP, while in 2 patients with insulinoma one was TP and in the other TN. In 6 patients scintigraphy influenced further patient management while in 4 only contributed. From the group of 6 neuroendocrine lung tumors there were 4 TP (4 patients with bronchial carcinoid, two with liver metastases and the other two with liver, lung and bone metastases), in 1 patient with atypical lung carcinoid after surgery, findings were TN, while in one with neuroendocrine lung tumor (ACTH secreting) it was FN (small mediastinal tumor. In 2 patients scintigraphy influenced further patient management while in 2 only contributed. Because of the high uptake of radiopharmaceutical, and widespread metastases, six patients were indicated for radionuclide therapy with super(90)Y-DOTA TATE, and three of them received it. Conclusion: Preliminary results show that scintigraphy of neuroendocrine tumors is a useful method in diagnosis, staging and follow up of the patients suspected to have neuroendocrine tumors in the lungs. It is also helpful in the appropriate choice of therapy, including radionuclides.
Cytochemical examination of alveolar macrophages (AM) obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed in healthy volunteers (11 non-smokers and 11 smokers) and in 9 patients with squamous lung ...carcinoma (all of them smokers or ex-smokers) in order to analyze its peculiarities related to the smoking habit and to lung malignancy. Assessment of non-specific esterases: alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) and butyrate esterase (BUT), chloroacetate esterase (CHL), acid phosphatase (AcP), intracellular glycogen (PAS reaction), lipids (Sudan black B reaction-SBB) and iron (Perl's reaction) was performed by a semiquantitative cytochemical method (1). A significant correlation was obtained between BUT and stage of squamous lung carcinoma (varying between I and IV) (r = 0.52, p < 0.05). There was a correlation between BUT and Perl's in healthy controls (r = 0.76, p < 0.05). The same type of correlation was observed in control smokers (r = 0.64, p < 0.05), in addition to a correlation between CHL and AcP (r = 0.69, p < 0.05). There was no significant BUT/Perl's correlation in patients with squamous cell lung carcinoma (r = 0.23, p > 0.05), but significant AcP/CHL correlation as was observed in control smokers (r = 0.73, p < 0.05), and a "new" type of correlation was shown to exist between ANAE and SBB (r = 0.77, p < 0.05). In spite of the unresolved nature of lung cancer, correlation analysis of cytochemical parameters in AM might have an important part in the analysis of their relative contribution to the development of smoking-related disorders and lung malignancies.
Social services aimed at the elderly are facing great challenges caused by progressive aging of the global population but also by the constant pressure to spend funds in a rational manner.
This paper ...focuses on analyzing the investments into human resources aimed at enhancing home care for the elderly since many countries have recorded progress in the area over the past years. The goal of this paper is to stress the significance of performing an economic analysis of the investment.
This paper combines statistical analysis methods such as correlation and regression analysis, methods of economic analysis, and scenario method.
The economic analysis of investing in human resources for home care service in Serbia showed that the both scenarios of investing in either additional home care hours or more beneficiaries are cost-efficient. However, the optimal solution with the positive (and the highest) value of economic net present value criterion is to invest in human resources to boost the number of home care hours from 6 to 8 hours per week and increase the number of the beneficiaries to 33%.
This paper shows how the statistical and economic analysis results can be used to evaluate different scenarios and enable quality decision-making based on exact data in order to improve health and quality of life of the elderly and spend funds in a rational manner.
To determine the prognostic value of the high-dose (0.84 mg/kg over a 10-minute period) dipyridamole echocardiography test (DET) after a first acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in comparison with ...clinical, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, and angiographic variables, follow-up data over an average period of 16 months were obtained in 93 consecutive patients. There were 41 total cardiac events (TCE): one death, two reinfarctions, 13 postinfarction anginas, five percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty procedures, and 20 coronary artery bypass graft procedures. TCE without revascularization procedures were considered adverse cardiac events (ACE). The DET result was positive in 28 of 41 patients with TCE and in only 4 of 52 patients without TCE (
p < 0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of positive DET in predicting TCE were 68%, 92%, and 82%, respectively. According to Cox's proportional regression model the best predictor of TCE was positivity of DET (
p = 0.002, relative risk ratio 4.3), followed by multivessel coronary artery disease (
p = 0.018, relative risk ratio 2.9) and patent infarct-related artery (
p = 0.042, relative risk ratio 2.9). DET was positive in 12 of 16 patients with ACE and 20 of 77 patients without ACE (
p = 0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of DET in predicting ACE were 75%, 74%, and 74%, respectively. According to Cox's proportional regression model significant predictors of ACE were positivity of DET (
p = 0.002, relative risk ratio 29.4) and ejection fraction ≤40% at the time of DET (
p = 0.017, relative risk ratio 22.2). These data indicate that the positivity of DET is an excellent predictor of cardiac events after AMI and is more powerful as a predictor than the extent of coronary artery disease, suggesting its ability to identify “functionally” critical stenosis. A positive DET result can identify high-risk patients after AMI who should undergo coronary angiography and may benefit from revascularization procedures.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the content of phenolics: the total
phenols (TP), flavonoids (TF), anthocyanins (TA), as well as the total
antioxidant capacity (TAC) in three sour cherry ...cultivars (Prunus cerasus L.)
introduced to the southeast Serbia climate conditions. Among the researched
sour cherries, ?Oblacinska? cultivar contained the highest amounts of all
groups of phenolics, followed by ?Cigancica? > ?Marela?. A significant
difference were observed in the phenolic content among different cultivars
and growing seasons (p<0.05), and the phenolic compounds were significantly
higher in the growing season 2009. The examined cultivars possess a high
antioxidant capacity, and all phenolics of highy correlation with TAC. The
following compounds were identified and quantified using HPLC-DAD: 4
anthocyanins, the most abundant of which was cyaniding-3-glucoside in
?Marela? and ?Oblacinska?, and cyanidin-3-glucosylrutinoside in ?Cigancica?,
and 4 hydroxycinnamic acids, the most abundant of which was neochlorogenic
acid in all sour cherry cultivars. The growing and ripening process on the
tree of sour cherry cv. Oblacinska was evaluated, also. The results showed
significant increases in total phenols during the ripening, the total
anthocyanins and total antioxidant capacity and 4 quantified anthocyanins,
however the neochlorogenic acid decreased during the ripening. The study
indicated that the growing and climate conditions in southeast Serbia are
convenient for introducing sour cherry cultivars.
nema
Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed in 48 subjects: 22 healthy controls, 13 patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis Stage I and 13 patients with lung cancer. All diagnoses were pathologically and ...clinically confirmed. Cytocentrifuge preparations were made, air-dried and stained for cytochemical examination of alveolar macrophages (AM) using indexing and scoring methods for the evaluation of esterase activity, intracellular amounts of glycogen, lipids and iron. Significant differences were found in the cytochemical examination of enzyme activity of AM and intracellular metabolic and ionic state, depending on pathological processes and smoking habits. There was a linear correlation between alpha naphthyl esterase activity and iron content in AM in patients with squamous cell lung carcinoma and in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis, which makes it possible to assign individual patients to one of the groups. Cytochemical examination of BAL specimens might be of great significance for the prevention and early diagnosis of various malignant and non-malignant lung diseases.
Three sour cherry and three table grape cultivars were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The elements: Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cr, Cd, Co, Pb, and Ni ...were detected in all samples; four elements are very abundant (K, Na, Ca, and Mg), and four are not abundant (Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn). Five of them are trace elements (Cr, Cd, Co, Pb, and Ni) at <0.1 mg/kg. Among the 13 elements analyzed, potassium was the most abundant element distributed throughout all categories of fruits. Iron was the predominant minor element constituents. Manganese concentration was the highest in table grape cultivars. The accuracy of the results was evaluated by spike recovery tests. Analysis of variance was used to establish the metals with significant difference in mean content between the cultivars from sour cherries and between table grapes. Principal component analysis was used to evaluate the distribution of metals.
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