Biofilms were the third-dimensional structure in the solid surface of bacteria. Bacterial biofilms were difficult to control by host defenses and antibiotic therapies.
and
were popular pathogenic ...bacteria that live in human and animal intestines. Essential oils are aromatic oily liquids from plant materials and well known for their antibacterial activities.
This study was conducted to determine effect of essential oil on anti-biological biofilm formation of
and
strains in in vitro experiment. Two kinds of bacterial strains were separated from 0.2 g pig feces. Bacterial strains were distributed in 24 plates per treatment and each plates as a replication. The sample was coated with a Bacterial biofilm formation was.
Photographic result,
and
bacteria colony surface were thick smooth surface in control. However, colony surface in blended and single essential oil treatment has shown crack surface layer compared with colony surfaces in control.
In conclusion, this study could confirm that essential oils have some interesting effect on anti-biofilm formation of
and
strains from pig feces.
Participants in the pig production industry focus on feed and feed additives to improve growth performance and meat quality of pigs. Consequently, the Rural Development Administration of the Republic ...of Korea produced a new paternal line to improve economic traits in pigs. However, there is an absence of information on pig traits with regard to season and sex, and a comparison between the new paternal line and past paternal lines. Therefore, the authors conducted this study to investigate the influence of season of birth, sex and paternal line on growth performance and carcass traits in pigs. A total of 2888 piglets ((Landrace × Yorkshire) × Darby Duroc (DD) or Chookjin Duroc (CD)) with an average age of three weeks were tested for 22 weeks during the four season of the year (spring 608 piglets, summer 404 piglets, autumn 576 piglets and winter 1300 piglets). The bodyweights (BW) of individual pig were recorded, and feed consumption was recorded at weeks 2, 12 and 22, to determine growth performance. At reaching market weight, backfat thickness was determined at the last rib area. Meat was graded according to the criteria of the slaughterhouse. There were no significant differences in growth performance and carcass traits between sexes. The CD line crossbred pig had a significant higher BW at 16 weeks, and higher carcass trait values at 22 weeks than the DD line. During weeks 8 to 16 the CD line crossbred pigs showed a tendency of an increased average daily gain (ADG) and gain : feed (G : F) ratio compared with the DD line. Furthermore, pigs born in spring had significant lower ADG, average daily feed intake (ADFI) and carcass trait values than born in the other seasons. In conclusion, the new paternal line (Chookjin Duroc) improved growth performance and carcass traits compare with the DD line.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), a major IGF-binding protein in human serum, regulates the growth of
non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells through IGF-dependent and ...IGF-independent mechanisms. However, the role of IGFBP-3
in lung cancer metastasis is not well known. In the present study, we showed that noncytotoxic doses of adenoviral or recombinant
IGFBP-3 significantly decreased the migration and invasion of H1299 and A549 NSCLC cells. Furthermore, treatment of human
lung fibroblasts with recombinant IGFBP-3 suppressed their ability to stimulate the invasion of H1299 cells. Overexpression
of IGFBP-3 markedly reduced lung metastasis of A549 cells in an experimental animal model system and prolonged the survival
time of the animals. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) inhibitor treatment or uPA small interfering RNA transfection
of A549 and H1299 cells resulted in a significant decrease in invasion. Corresponding ELISA, Western blot, gelatin zymogram,
and semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR analyses revealed that IGFBP-3 reduced the expression of uPA mRNA through IGF-independent
mechanisms. The specific role of uPA in anti-invasive activity of IGFBP-3 was further confirmed in NSCLC cells, in which uPA
expression/activity was suppressed by the transfection with synthetic small interfering RNA or by the treatment with uPA inhibitor
or induced by the infection with an adenoviral vector. IGFBP-3 also decreased the expression/activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2
through IGF-dependent but uPA-independent pathways. Taken together, our data suggest that IGFPB-3 effectively block uPA- and
matrix metalloproteinase-2–stimulated invasion pathways, ultimately reducing lung cancer cell metastasis. Our findings indicate
that IGFBP-3 may be a promising anti-invasive and antimetastatic therapeutic agent in lung cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2006;5(11):2685–95
Few data exist on the relationship between differential subpopulations of peripheral leukocytes and early cerebral infarct size in ischemic stroke. Using diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI), we ...assessed the relationship of early total and differential peripheral leukocyte counts and volume of ischemic tissue in acute stroke.
All included patents had laboratory investigations and neuroimaging collected within 24 hours of stroke onset. Total peripheral leukocyte counts and differential counts were analyzed individually and by quartiles. DWI lesions were outlined using a semiautomated threshold technique. The relationship between leukocyte quartiles and DWI infarct volumes was examined using multivariate quartile regression.
173 patients met study inclusion criteria. Median age was 73 years. Total leukocyte counts and DWI volumes showed a strong correlation (Spearman rho=0.371, P<000.1). Median DWI volumes (mL) for successive neutrophil quartiles were: 1.3, 1.3, 3.2, and 20.4 (P for trend <0.001). Median DWI volumes (mL) for successive lymphocyte quartiles were: 3.2, 8.1, 1.3, and 1.5 (P=0.004). After multivariate analysis, larger DWI volume remained strongly associated with higher total leukocyte and neutrophil counts (both probability values <0.001), but not with lymphocyte count (P=0.4971). Compared with the lowest quartiles, DWI volumes were 8.7 mL and 12.9 mL larger in the highest quartiles of leukocyte and neutrophil counts, respectively.
Higher peripheral leukocyte and neutrophil counts, but not lymphocyte counts, are associated with larger infarct volumes in acute ischemic stroke. Attenuating neutrophilic response early after ischemic stroke may be a viable therapeutic strategy and warrants further study.
Although a great deal is known biochemically about peroxiredoxins (Prxs), little is known about their real physiological function. We show here that two cytosolic yeast Prxs, cPrxI and II, which ...display diversity in structure and apparent molecular weights (MW), can act alternatively as peroxidases and molecular chaperones. The peroxidase function predominates in the lower MW forms, whereas the chaperone function predominates in the higher MW complexes. Oxidative stress and heat shock exposure of yeasts causes the protein structures of cPrxI and II to shift from low MW species to high MW complexes. This triggers a peroxidase-to-chaperone functional switch. These in vivo changes are primarily guided by the active peroxidase site residue, Cys
47, which serves as an efficient “H
2O
2-sensor” in the cells. The chaperone function of these proteins enhances yeast resistance to heat shock.
The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of a pure reduction in the dietary crude protein (CP) and metabolic energy (ME) contents on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, ...blood profile, faecal microflora and odour gas emission in weaned pigs. A total of 80 weaned piglets ((Landrace x Yorkshire) x Duroc) with a mean initial bodyweight (BW) of 6.8 ± 0.5 kg were randomly allotted to four treatments with four replicate pens of five piglets per pen (based on average BW) for 45 days. The dietary treatments consisted of i) CON: basal diet; ii) LME: reduction of 10% of ME in basal diet; iii) LCP: reduction of 10% of CP in basal diet; iv) MECP: reduction of 10% of CP and 10% of ME in basal diet. During the experimental period, average daily feed intake (ADFI) improved in piglets fed the LME and LCP diets, compared with those fed the CON diets. Average daily gain (adG) and gain to feed (G : F) ratio decreased in piglets fed LCP, LME, and MECP diet, when compared with those fed the CON diet. However, during the total experimental period, ADG and G : F ratio were not affected by dietary treatment. With regard to nutrient digestibility, apparent total track digestibility (ATTD) of CP was not affected by experimental diets. The concentration of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in blood decreased more in piglets fed LME, LCP, and MECP than those fed the CON diet. The emissions of ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sufide (H2S), and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were lower in piglets fed LME, LCP, and MECP diet than those fed the CON diet. In conclusion, these results indicate that reduction in dietary CP and ME content did not decrease growth performance and nutrient digestibility, and they increased positive effects such as BUN and gas emission reduction.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Bat-like InN nanostructures were successfully grown on GaN/AlN/Si(1
1
1) substrates using molecular beam epitaxy method. The initial growth behavior and structural properties of InN nanobats were ...studied from a nanostructural point of view. During the initial stage of the growth, a nucleation process and a shape-decision process took place in which 3-dimensional (3-D) GaN nanoislands and nanorods were formed on AlN initiation layer/Si substrate. This was followed by the independent growth of 3-D InN nanoislands and nanorods. Lateral expansion of the InN nanobats was observed, and the diameter of InN bats then reached a fixed value.
Experiment 1 was a feeding trial in which 75 (LandraceⅹYorkshire)ⅹDuroc pigs with average initial bodyweight (BW) of 26 ± 1 kg were used. It was assigned to three pigs/pen and five pens/treatment. ...Experiment 2 was a metabolic trial in which 25 (LandraceⅹYorkshire)ⅹDuroc pigs with average initial bodyweight (BW) of 36 ± 1 kg were used. The basal diet consisted of maize (57.71 %), soybean meal (32.45 %), and wheat bran (5 %). Treatments consisted of i) CON (control diet); ii) OE (organic acid + essential oils) (Aviplus-S®), that is, CON + 0.05 % OE; iii) OC (organic charcoal) (Olga Black®), that is, CON + 0.1 % OC; iv) AE (anise extracts) (RESQ®), that is, CON + 0.015 % AE; and v) PB (probiotics) (Bonvital®), that is, CON + 0.1 % PB. Average daily gain (ADG) and gain/feed ratio (G : F) were significantly higher in the OE and AE groups than in the others. Average daily feed intake (ADFI) for OE, OC, and AE treatments was significantly higher than that for CON and PB treatments. Dry matter (DM) digestibility was significantly higher in AE than CON. Crude protein (CP) was significantly higher in OE, AE, and PB than CON. CON and other treatments did not cause significant differences in blood l-density lipoprotein (LDL), and glucose. NH3 emissions were significantly lower in all treated groups than in CON. Among the treatments, NH3 emissions were lowest in OE and AE. H2S emissions were significantly lower in OE, AE, and PB than in CON. Among the treatments, OE and AE were most effective at reducing H2S emissions. The emissions of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) showed no significant difference between treatments and CON. In conclusion, this experiment was shown to be more effective on growth performance, malodour emission, blood profiles, and nutrient digestibility in OE and AE than other additives.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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