Melt‐origin pseudotachylyte is the most reliable seismogenic fault rock. It is commonly believed that pseudotachylyte generation is rare in the plate subduction zone where interstitial fluids are ...abundant and can trigger dynamic fault‐weakening mechanisms such as thermal pressurization. Some recent studies, however, have discovered pseudotachylyte‐bearing faults in exhumed ancient accretionary complexes, indicating that frictional melting also occurrs during earthquakes in subduction zones. To clarify the pseudotachylyte generation mechanism and the variation of slip behavior in the plate subduction zone, a pseudotachylyte found in the exhumed fossil accretionary complex (the Shimanto Belt, Nobeoka, Japan) was re‐focused and microscopic and three‐dimensional observations of the pseudotachylyte‐bearing fault were performed based on optical, electron, and X‐ray microscope images. Based on the patterns contained in the fragment, the pseudotachylyte is divided into four domains, although no clear domain boundaries or layering structures are not found. Three‐dimensional observation also suggests that the pseudotachylyte were fragmented or isolated by cataclasite or carbonate breccia. The pseudotachylyte was rather injected into the surrounding carbonate breccia, which is composed of angular fragments of the host rock and a matrix of tiny crystalline carbonate. The pseudotachylyte volume was extracted from the X‐ray microscope image and the heat abundance consumed by the pseudotachylyte generation was estimated at 2.18 MJ/m2, which can be supplied during a slip of approximately 0.5 m. These observations and calculations, together with the results of the previous investigations, suggest hydrofracturing and rapid carbonate precipitation that preceded or accompanied the frictional melting. Dynamic hydrofracturing during a slip can be caused by rapid fluid pressurization, and can induce abrupt decrease in fluid pressure while drastically enhancing the shear strength of the shear zone. Consequently, frictional heating would be reactivated and generate the pseudotachylyte. These deformation processes can explain pseudotachylyte generation in hydrous faults with the impermeable wall rock.
熔融起源のシュードタキライトは地震の直接的な証拠である. しかし, プレート沈み込み帯などの堆積物中での地震は, 間隙中に含まれる多量の水のために摩擦発熱が生じにくく, シュードタキライトの形成が妨げられると考えられてきた. 本研究では, 四万十帯・延岡衝上断層近傍に発達する堆積物中のシュードタキライトについて, 光学顕微鏡・電子顕微鏡に加えてX線コンピュータ断層撮影を用いた三次元的な観察を行い, その形成過程を議論した. シュードタキライトに層構造は認められず, またシュードタキライトの体積から, 断層のすべり距離は数十センチ以内と見積もられる. 周囲の炭酸塩鉱物脈の産状は, 断層運動時に水圧破砕が生じたことを示しており, シュードタキライトはその水圧破砕の後に生じていたことが明らかとなった. 含水堆積物中でのシュードタキライトの形成には, 断層運動時の摩擦発熱による間隙水圧の上昇を打ち消す作用として水圧破砕が有効に機能する必要がある.
This paper deals with the detailed texture of a pseudotachylyte developing in an on‐land fossilized accretionary complex and the pseudotachylyte generation mechanism in hydrous condition. 3‐D micro texture of the pseudotachylyte were described by using optical‐, electron‐ and X‐ray microscope. Based on the description and occurrence of the pseudotachylyte, it is suggested that dynamic decrease of fluid pressure along a fault is necessary for pseudotachylyte generation at seismogenic depth in hydrous plate subduction zone.
We herein report a novel technique for managing large forehead skin defects that include the eyebrows and upper eyelid. Case 1 was of a 55-year-old woman with an eccrine carcinoma (T2N0M0) at the ...right forehead, resulting in a skin defect 15 cm in diameter. Case 2 was of an 81-year-old man with a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (T1a N0M0) at the left forehead, resulting in a skin defect 18 cm in diameter. A pedicled temporal hairline flap and free forearm flap were combined and placed on the defect, and good eyebrows and forehead morphology was ultimately achieved.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) levels reflect the state of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion. However, it is difficult to use serum DHEA-S to diagnose ...hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis insufficiency due to its non-normal and highly skewed distribution. In this study, we focused on HPA insufficiency caused by hypothalamic and/or pituitary dysfunction and evaluated the usefulness of the standard deviation score of log-transformed DHEA-S (ln DHEA-S SD score), which was calculated from the established age- and sex-specific reference values. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 94 patients suspected of having HPA insufficiency, in whom serum DHEA-S measurement and the rapid ACTH stimulation test were performed, and included 65 patients who met our criteria in this study. The ln DHEA-S SD scores were distributed more normally than measured DHEA-S levels and were significantly higher in patients with a peak cortisol level ≥18 μg/dL than in those below this value, suggesting that this score is a legitimate and strong indicator of adrenocortical function. The optimal cut-off value for impaired HPA function was –0.853, with a sensitivity of 70.3% and a specificity of 100%. Among the 37 patients whose peak cortisol levels were below 18 μg/dL, 11 patients with ln DHEA-S scores ≥–0.853 exhibited significantly higher basal ACTH and basal and peak cortisol levels than the 26 patients with scores <–0.853. Thus, this score plays a supportive role in evaluating HPA axis function, particularly in patients with borderline cortisol responses to ACTH.
The pentaspan membrane glycoprotein CD133 (also known as prominin-1) has been widely used as a marker for both cancer and normal stem cells. However, the function of CD133 has not been elucidated. ...Here we describe a cancer stem cell line established from clear cell carcinoma of the ovary (CCC) and show that CD133 interacts with plakoglobin (also known as γ-catenin), a desmosomal linker protein. We further demonstrate that knockdown of CD133 by RNA interference (RNAi) results in the downregulation of desmoglein-2, a desmosomal cadherin, and abrogates cell-cell adhesion and tumorigenicity of CCC stem cells. We speculate that CD133 may be a promising target for cancer chemotherapy.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
An 8-year-old castrated Toy poodle presented with swelling and proptosis of the right third eyelid caused by an exophytic mass on the bulbar surface. Histologically, the mass was composed of ...stratified neoplastic basaloid cells, arranged in nests and interconnecting islands, which were mixed with tubular structures. Immunohistochemically, the basaloid cells were positive for p63 and cytokeratin (CK) 14, and the inner epithelial cells of the tubular structures were positive for CK7, CK8, and CK19. According to these findings, the mass was diagnosed as a basal cell adenocarcinoma. Although basal cell adenocarcinoma is rare in animals, it should be included in the list of differential diagnoses for superficial tumors of bulbar conjunctiva of third eyelid in dogs.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating progressive motor neuron disease that affects people of all ethnicities. Approximately 90% of ALS cases are sporadic and thought to have ...multifactorial pathogenesis. To understand the genetics of sporadic ALS, we conducted a genome-wide association study using 1,173 sporadic ALS cases and 8,925 controls in a Japanese population. A combined meta-analysis of our Japanese cohort with individuals of European ancestry revealed a significant association at the ACSL5 locus (top SNP p = 2.97 × 10
). We validated the association with ACSL5 in a replication study with a Chinese population and an independent Japanese population (1941 ALS cases, 3821 controls; top SNP p = 1.82 × 10
). In the combined meta-analysis, the intronic ACSL5 SNP rs3736947 showed the strongest association (p = 7.81 × 10
). Using a gene-based analysis of the full multi-ethnic dataset, we uncovered additional genes significantly associated with ALS: ERGIC1, RAPGEF5, FNBP1, and ATXN3. These results advance our understanding of the genetic basis of sporadic ALS.
The purpose of this study is to summarize the results from a survey on awareness of genetic counseling for pregnant women who wish to receive non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) in Japan. As a ...component of a clinical study by the Japan NIPT Consortium, genetic counseling was conducted for women who wished to receive NIPT, and a questionnaire concerning both NIPT and genetic counseling was given twice: once after pre-test counseling and again when test results were reported. The responses of 7292 women were analyzed. They expressed high satisfaction with the genetic counseling system of the NIPT Consortium (94%). The number of respondents who indicated that genetic counseling is necessary for NIPT increased over time. Furthermore, they highly valued genetic counseling provided by skilled clinicians, such as clinical geneticists or genetic counselors. The vast majority (90%) responded that there was sufficient opportunity to consider the test ahead of time. Meanwhile, women who received positive test results had a poor opinion and expressed a low-degree satisfaction. We confirmed that the pre-test genetic counseling that we conducted creates an opportunity for pregnant women to sufficiently consider prenatal testing, promotes its understanding and has possibilities to effectively facilitate informed decision making after adequate consideration. A more careful and thorough approach is considered to be necessary for women who received positive test results.
Abstract Objective Levels of 5-FU metabolic or related enzymes, particularly thymidine phosphorylase (TP) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), have been investigated in various cancer types, ...including uterine cervical cancer. Intratumoral TP levels have been reported to increase in response to several chemotherapeutic agents or irradiation in both xenografts and clinical studies. In cervical cancer, however, only a few studies about changes in TP and DPD expression associated with cancer treatment have been published. We evaluated the effect of chemotherapy and/or irradiation on TP and DPD expression in cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Study design Of 27 patients in this study, 12 patients underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy consisting of nedaplatin, ifosfamide, and/or peplomycin followed by radical surgery, and 15 patients underwent radiotherapy ( n = 8) or chemoradiotherapy with nedaplatin ( n = 7) as initial treatment. Tumor specimens were obtained from biopsies acquired before treatment and after administration of chemotherapy (2 weeks after the first and second cycles), and after irradiation with 10 Gy, 20 Gy, and 30 Gy. These specimens were used to measure TP and DPD levels by ELISA. Results In the 12 patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, intratumoral TP and DPD levels did not change. In contrast, in the 15 patients who underwent radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy with nedaplatin, TP or DPD expression appeared to be slightly increased or decreased, respectively, after irradiation with 20 Gy, and consequently the TP/DPD ratio was significantly higher after irradiation with 20 Gy than before irradiation. Conclusions These results suggest a clinical advantage of chemoradiotherapy with capecitabine or doxyfluridine over radiotherapy alone via the elevation of the TP/DPD ratio in cervical squamous cell carcinoma. However, no advantage of combination chemotherapy with these 5-FU derivatives was demonstrated. Therefore, further evaluation with a larger number of patients or with other chemotherapeutic agents is required to confirm these observations.
PDF
