Social capital in the modern sense can be described as the capacity for socially oriented management of organizations. As social capital serves this purpose, it needs to be measured using relevant ...sociological tools based on the principles of operationalizing it as a complex social concept and a resource of immaterial nature. The purpose of the article is to present the results of social capital operationalization problem study that were obtained during the empirical portion implemented within the framework of the socio-resource approach towards managing organizations. The data obtained as a result of a panel study in 2022 give grounds for concluding that the basic process of operationalizing social capital proposed by the author provides an opportunity to substantiate variables and correlations between them for subsequently measuring the development of certain components of social capital. The suggested approach also allows asserting that social capital operationalization largely allows for solving the problem of “measuring the immeasurable” which involves, based on evaluating the current state of an organization’s social capital, developing management decisions aimed at the effective formation and development of said human capital. The author offers practical recommendations for correcting managerial actions while taking into account the problematic aspects of social capital formation.
The article is a review of the material: MondD. Favor theory – theory of social capital. (Science. Culture. Society. 2022. Vol.28. No.3. P.68–80) and is devoted to the theory of social capital ...development problem. Based on a critical analysis of the approaches presented in the article by independent researcher D.Mond conclusions about the inconsistency of the proposed theoretical solutions are drawn. In particular the willingness to provide services as the basis of social capital presented as a factor of the common denominator of the theory of social capital, as well as sympathy and trust interpreted from the value judgments standpoint. The author considers the proposed approaches as a kind of subtractive knowledge which makes it possible to clarify certain provisions of emerging scientific theories.
Social capital in the modern sense can be described as the capacity for socially oriented management of organizations. As social capital serves this purpose, it needs to be measured using relevant ...sociological tools based on the principles of operationalizing it as a complex social concept and a resource of immaterial nature. The purpose of the article is to present the results of social capital operationalization problem study that were obtained during the empirical portion implemented within the framework of the socio-resource approach towards managing organizations. The data obtained as a result of a panel study in 2022 give grounds for concluding that the basic process of operationalizing social capital proposed by the author provides an opportunity to substantiate variables and correlations between them for subsequently measuring the development of certain components of social capital. The suggested approach also allows asserting that social capital operationalization largely allows for solving the problem of “measuring the immeasurable” which involves, based on evaluating the current state of an organization’s social capital, developing management decisions aimed at the effective formation and development of said human capital. The author offers practical recommendations for correcting managerial actions while taking into account the problematic aspects of social capital formation.
The article is devoted to the assessment of the impact of the digital technological platforms on the higher education in the new conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic. The modern literature presents ...the various approaches to the analysis of the current situation in the higher education. The novelty of the authors ’ approach is that the institutional system of the higher education is analyzed from the standpoint of the theories of new institutionalism. The authors considered the institutional system of the higher education as a four-level system. The article presents assessing the impact of the digital technological platforms on the first level of the institutional system of the higher education, which is represented by deeply rooted informal institutions (values, traditions, customs, unwritten norms and rules, and more). Assessing the impact of the digital technological platforms on other levels of the institutional system of the higher education requires the additional prospective research.
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the organization of the educational process in Russian universities. The object of the research is the experience of implementing e-education and the ...transition to distance technologies for continuing education of Chinese undergraduates in the Russian metropolitan university. Russian universities had the technical capabilities and used various electronic educational platforms. In the same time, the results of the survey showed a decrease in the satisfaction of Chinese full-time students when switching to distance learning. The study shows the significant factors that had a negative impact on the educational process using distance technology to teach Chinese undergraduates during the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors have grouped these factors into five groups (technical, language, emotional, and financial, content of lecture). Identification of these factors made it possible to develop a program to improve the educational process and enhance the satisfaction of foreign students studying at Russian universities.
During the last twenty years Russian higher education system is the subject of the permanent transformation. The target of the reforms is to obtain high level of competitiveness as a key challenge ...for Russian higher education institutions. One of the directions for the solution of this task is the development of integration into the global educational community. Public and private higher education institutions have different opportunities for the formation of sustainable relationships with well-known world university centers. They use various financial resources for the investment into the improvement of their own competitiveness. Most public universities use intergovernmental agreements for the development of collaboration with foreign universities within the budget allocated by the Russian state. Private universities use another way of financing integration into the global educational environment. It is characterized by the inflow of money received from the local householders for the additional international training programs and a long-term financing of the founders and charities.
CONTEXT The evidence that breastfeeding improves cognitive development is based almost entirely on observational studies and is thus prone to confounding by subtle behavioral differences in the ...breastfeeding mother's behavior or her interaction with the infant. OBJECTIVE To assess whether prolonged and exclusive breastfeeding improves children's cognitive ability at age 6.5 years. DESIGN Cluster-randomized trial, with enrollment from June 17, 1996, to December 31, 1997, and follow-up from December 21, 2002, to April 27, 2005. SETTING Thirty-one Belarussian maternity hospitals and their affiliated polyclinics. PARTICIPANTS A total of 17 046 healthy breastfeeding infants were enrolled, of whom 13 889 (81.5%) were followed up at age 6.5 years. INTERVENTION Breastfeeding promotion intervention modeled on the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative by the World Health Organization and UNICEF. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Subtest and IQ scores on the Wechsler Abbreviated Scales of Intelligence, and teacher evaluations of academic performance in reading, writing, mathematics, and other subjects. RESULTS The experimental intervention led to a large increase in exclusive breastfeeding at age 3 months (43.3% for the experimental group vs 6.4% for the control group; P < .001) and a significantly higher prevalence of any breastfeeding at all ages up to and including 12 months. The experimental group had higher means on all of the Wechsler Abbreviated Scales of Intelligence measures, with cluster-adjusted mean differences (95% confidence intervals) of +7.5 (+0.8 to +14.3) for verbal IQ, +2.9 (−3.3 to +9.1) for performance IQ, and +5.9 (−1.0 to +12.8) for full-scale IQ. Teachers' academic ratings were significantly higher in the experimental group for both reading and writing. CONCLUSION These results, based on the largest randomized trial ever conducted in the area of human lactation, provide strong evidence that prolonged and exclusive breastfeeding improves children's cognitive development. TRIAL REGISTRATION isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN37687716Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2008;65(5):578-584-->
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