In financial time series there are time periods in which market indices values or assets prices increase or decrease monotonically. We call those events "price runs", "elementary uninterrupted ...trends" or just "uninterrupted trends". In this paper we study the distribution of the duration of uninterrupted trends for the daily indices DJIA, NASDAQ, IPC and Nikkei 225 during the period of time from 10/30/1978 to 08/07/2020 and we compare the simple geometric statistical model with p = 1 2 consistent with the EMH to the empirical data. By a fitting procedure, it is found that the geometric distribution with parameter p = 1 2 provides a good model for uninterrupted trends of short and medium duration for the more mature markets; however, longest duration events still need to be statistically characterized. Estimated values of the parameter p were also obtained and confirmed by calculating the mean value of p fluctuations from empirical data. Additionally, the observed trend duration distributions for the different studied markets are compared over time by means of the Anderson-Darling (AD) test, to the expected geometric distribution with parameter p = 1 2 and to a geometric distribution with a free parameter p, making possible to assess and compare different market geometric behavior for different dates as well as to measure the fraction of time runs duration from studied markets are consistent with the geometric distribution with p = 1 2 and in parametric free way.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Actin-binding proteins such as profilins participate in the restructuration of the actin cytoskeleton in plant cells. Profilins are ubiquitous actin-, polyproline-, and inositol phospholipid-binding ...proteins, which in plants are encoded by multigene families. By 2D-PAGE and immunoblotting, we detected as much as five profilin isoforms in crude extracts from nodules of Phaseolus vulgaris. However, by immunoprecipitation and gel electrophoresis of in vitro translation products from nodule RNA, only the most basic isoform of those found in nodule extracts, was detected. Furthermore, a bean profilin cDNA probe hybridised to genomic DNA digested with different restriction enzymes, showed either a single or two bands. These data indicate that profilin in P. vulgaris is encoded by only two genes. In root nodules only one gene is expressed, and a single profilin transcript gives rise to multiple profilin isoforms by post-translational modifications of the protein. By in vivo (32)P-labelling and immunoprecipitation with both, antiprofilin and antiphosphotyrosine-specific antibodies, we found that profilin is phosphorylated on tyrosine residues. Since chemical (TLC) and immunological analyses, as well as plant tyrosine phosphatase (AtPTP1) treatments of profilin indicated that tyrosine residues were phosphorylated, we concluded that tyrosine kinases must exist in plants. This finding will focus research on tyrosine kinases/tyrosine phosphatases that could participate in novel regulatory functions/pathways, involving not only this multifunctional cytoskeletal protein, but other plant proteins.
