Introduction Aging in rural settings worldwide, from the perspective of cognition, physical function, and life purpose essential constructs for a prosperous old age, still needs comprehensive ...discussion. This systematic review protocol aims to highlight the prevalence of cognitive decline, physical functioning, and life purpose in older adults aging in rural community settings. Methods and analysis We will include cross-sectional studies published until April 2023 found in 8 databases: Embase, MEDLINE, LILACS, PsycINFO, Scopus, SciELO, and Web of Science. Ryyan software will be used for the first selection, and the Observational Study Quality Evaluation (OSQE) will assess methodological quality and risk of bias. Primary analysis will involve titles and abstracts using MeSH descriptors such as "Physical functioning," "Cognition," "Cognitive function," "Life purpose," "Elderly," "Older," "Rural aging," "Rural population," "Communities, rural," "Distribution, rural spatial," "Medium communities," "Rural settlement," "Small community." If necessary, secondary analysis will include a complete reading of selected articles by two blinded reviewers, confirmed by a third person. Publication bias will be assessed using cross-sectional analytical study quality. Sensitivity analyses will identify manuscripts significantly influencing combined prevalence of endpoints.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of the ratio between the waist circumference and the height in the identification of health risk compared with the correlation matrix between the anthropometric ...parameters body mass index and waist circumference. METHODS: A population-based study presenting a transversal cut in a representative sample of the Brazilian adult and older population. The combination of the body mass index with the waist circumference resulted in health risk categories, and the cutoff points of the ratio between the waist circumference and the height as anthropometric indicator were used for classification of low and increased risk. Poisson regression was used to verify the association of systemic arterial hypertension with the health risk categories. RESULTS: The results showed 26% of adult men, 10.4% of adult women and more than 30% of the older adults of both genders classified as without risk by the combination matrix between body mass index and waist circumference presented a ratio between the waist circumference and height that showed increased risk. All risk categories continued to be associated with hypertension after control for confounding factors, being almost two times higher for adults with moderate and high risk according to both methods. When the waist-to-height ratio was used as a risk indicator, the prevalence of hypertension ratios for the older adults was 1.37 (95%CI 1.16–1.63) and 1.35 (95%CI 1.12–1.62) for men and women, respectively, being these values close to the combination matrix body mass index and waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS: The waist-to-height ratio identified more individuals at early health risk than the combination matrix between the body mass index and the waist circumference and showed comparable ability to identify health risk, regardless of gender and age, regarding the prevalence ratios for systemic arterial hypertension.
Highlights • WHtR is a valid and very useful anthropometric index to assess adiposity. • WHtR is considered a good predictor of cardiometabolic risk factors. • The association between WHtR and ...chronic diseases differed among age groups. • WHtR was considered the best predictor among younger elderly persons. • The use of WHtR is recommended due to its easy applicability in clinical practice.
To analyze factors that influence alcohol consumption by Brazilian adolescents aged 12 to 17 years from the five macro-regions of Brazil, according to sociodemographic, schooling, and family ...characteristics.
This is a cross-sectional study with data from the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA). The outcome was assessed by alcohol consumption and considered the variables sex, age, ethnicity/skin color, maternal schooling level, having housemaids, number of bathrooms at home, living or not with parents, and type of school. For the analyses, the survey mode was used for complex samples. Poisson regression was performed to assess the magnitude of factors associated with alcohol consumption among adolescents.
The prevalence of alcohol consumption by adolescents was 22.1%. The variables age range of 15 to 17 years, higher socioeconomic status, and living alone or with only one of the parents were factors that remained associated with alcohol consumption by adolescents regardless of their region of residence. Protective factors in alcohol consumption were associated with variables related to lower economic conditions and being of Asian or indigenous descent.
The percentage of adolescents who consume alcohol is worrisome and must be tackled with public policies and health education. Understanding which factors are related to this situation contributes to practices and policies aimed to reduce its prevalence and damage to health.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between sleep duration and excess weight in Brazilian adolescents. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 65,837 ...adolescents, aged 12 to 17 years, enrolled in the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA). Sleep duration was assessed by means of a questionnaire focusing on weekday and weekend hours of sleep. Nutritional status was assessed based on body mass index, and participants were classified according to age and gender. The statistical analysis was performed with the Stata 13 software, using the survey command. Poisson regression was used to determine the association of excess weight with sleep duration categories. Results: A decline in sleep duration was associated with advancing age. The prevalence of short and long-term sleep among adolescents was 17.9 and 3.6%, respectively, while overweight was diagnosed in 25.5% of the sample. Adolescents who reported having short sleep had 10% (PR = 1.10; 95%CI 1.06 – 1.15) more overweight, while those who reported sleeping more than 11 hours had approximately 12% (PR = 0.88; 95%CI 0.78 – 0.99) less excess weight. Conclusion: Our findings reinforce the assumption that insufficient sleep poses health risks, and encouraging regular and sufficient sleep may be a cost-effective intervention for the prevention of overweight in adolescence.
RESUMO: Objetivo: Investigar a associação entre a duração do sono e o excesso de peso em adolescentes brasileiros. Métodos: Estudo de corte transversal, em amostra composta por 65.837 escolares, de 12 a 17 anos, participantes do Estudo de Riscos Cardiovasculares em Adolescentes (ERICA). A duração do sono foi avaliada por meio de questões sobre o horário em que os adolescentes costumavam dormir e acordar em dias da semana e final de semana. A avaliação do estado nutricional foi realizada pelo índice de massa corporal, sendo a classificação obtida segundo idade e sexo. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas no programa Stata 13, mediante o uso do comando survey, sendo a regressão de Poisson utilizada para verificar a associação entre o excesso de peso e as categorias de duração do sono. Resultados: Houve declínio na duração do sono com o avanço da idade. As prevalências de curta e longa duração do sono entre os adolescentes foram, respectivamente, de 17,9 e 3,6%, enquanto o excesso de peso foi diagnosticado em 25,5% da amostra. Adolescentes que relataram ter sono curto apresentaram 10% (RP = 1,10; IC95% 1,06 – 1,15) mais excesso de peso, enquanto os que referiram dormir mais de 11 horas apresentaram aproximadamente 12% (RP = 0,88; IC95% 0,78 – 0,99) menos excesso de peso. Conclusão: Os resultados reforçam o pressuposto de que o sono insuficiente acarreta consequências para a saúde e que incentivar o sono regular e suficiente pode representar uma intervenção com boa relação custo-benefício na prevenção do excesso de peso na adolescência.
Objetivo: identificar os fatores sociodemográficos associados à via de parto. Métodos: trata-se de revisão sistemática com busca nas bases de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências ...da Saúde, PubMed e Cochrane em maio de 2021. O protocolo do estudo foi registrado na PROSPERO sob o nº CRD42021257340. Os artigos selecionados foram posteriormente analisados pelos sistemas Joanna Briggs Institute e Sistema Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Resultados: mulheres com maior nível socioeconômico, maior nível de escolaridade, com idade acima de 35 anos e parto em instituições privadas possuem maior chance de realizar cesariana comparado ao parto vaginal. A qualidade da evidência para variável de prestador hospitalar foi baixa, para idade e escolaridade materna a qualidade é moderada e classe econômica a qualidade é alta. Conclusões: os fatores sociodemográficos contribuem para o aumento da taxa de cesárea e reforçam o cenário encontrado na literatura.
Resumo: O objetivo foi avaliar o efeito da exposição e do tempo de exposição ao aleitamento materno na ocorrência de transtornos mentais comuns (TMC) entre adolescentes escolares brasileiros. Este ...trabalho analisou dados do Estudo de Riscos Cardiovasculares em Adolescentes (ERICA), avaliando aqueles que tiveram o questionário referente ao aleitamento materno respondido pelos pais ou responsáveis. A presença de TMC foi identificada pelo General Health Questionnaire, versão 12 itens (GHQ-12), considerando-se dois pontos de corte (escores ≥ 3 e ≥ 5). As associações foram testadas em análises bivariadas e por meio de modelos de regressão logística múltipla, com ajustes por variáveis potenciais de confusão. Dentre os 41.723 adolescentes avaliados, a maioria foi composta por estudantes do sexo feminino (54,6%), que tinham idades entre 12 e 15 anos (71%), estudavam em escolas públicas (83,1%), residiam na Região Sudeste (51,9%) e eram das classes econômicas B (53,8%) e C (34,1%). Cerca de metade das mães dos adolescentes não tinha o ensino médio completo (51,7%). O grupo de adolescentes com mais de seis meses de aleitamento materno (51,8%) apresentou uma menor prevalência de TMC para os dois pontos de corte do GHQ-12 avaliados, quando comparado com o grupo que não recebeu aleitamento materno ou que o recebeu por período ≤ 1 mês (RI = 0,82; IC95%:0,69-0,97 e RI = 0,74; IC95%: 0,59-0,91 para 3 e 5 pontos, respectivamente). O aleitamento materno prolongado parece desempenhar um papel protetor para a ocorrência de TMC na adolescência.
Resumen: El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de la exposición y del tiempo de exposición a la lactancia materna en la ocurrencia de trastornos mentales comunes (TMC) entre adolescentes escolares brasileñas. Este trabajo analizó datos del Estudio de Riesgos Cardiovasculares en Adolescentes (ERICA), evaluando aquellos, cuyo cuestionario -referente a la lactancia materna- había sido respondido por los padres o responsables legales. La presencia de TMC fue identificada por el General Health Questionnaire, versión 12 ítems (GHQ-12), considerándose dos puntos de corte (puntuaciones ≥ 3 y ≥ 5). Las asociaciones fueron probadas en análisis bivariados, y a través de modelos de regresión logística múltiple, con ajustes por variables potenciales de confusión. Entre los 41.723 adolescentes evaluados, la mayoría estuvo compuesta por estudiantes que eran del sexo femenino (54,6%), que tenían una edad entre 12 y 15 años (71%), estudiaban en escuelas públicas (83,1%), residían en la región Sudeste (51,9%) y eran de las clases económicas B (53,8%) y C (34,1%). Cerca de la mitad de las madres de los adolescentes no contaba con la enseñanza media completa (51,7%). El grupo de adolescentes con más de seis meses de lactancia materna (51,8%) presentó una menor prevalencia de TMC para los dos puntos de corte del GHQ-12 evaluados, cuando se comparan con el grupo que no recibió lactancia materna o que la recibió durante un período ≤ 1 mes (RI = 0,82; IC95%: 0,69-0,97 y RI = 0,74 y IC95%: 0,59-0,91 para 3 y 5 puntos, respectivamente). La lactancia materna prolongada parece desempeñar un papel protector para la ocurrencia de TMC en la adolescencia.
Abstract: This article sought to evaluate the effect of exposure, and exposure time, to breastfeeding on the occurrence of common mental disorders (CMD) among Brazilian adolescents enrolled in school. This study analyzed data from the Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents (ERICA), evaluating those whose questionnaire regarding breastfeeding had been filled out by parents or guardians. The presence of CMD was identified using the General Health Questionnaire, version 12 items (GHQ-12), and we considered two cutoff points (scores ≥ 3 and ≥ 5). We tested the associations in bivariate analyses and through multiple logistical regression models, adjusting for potential confounding variables. Of the 41,723 adolescents we evaluated, most were students of the female sex (54.6%), aged between 12 and 15 years (71%), attended public schools (83.1%), resided in the Southeastern region (51.9%) and belonged to the economic classes B (53.8%) and C (34.1%). Around half of the adolescents’ mothers had not completed their secondary education (51.7%). The group of adolescents who were breastfed for more than six months (51.8%) had a lower CMD prevalence for both GHQ-12 cutoff points, when compared with the group who were not breastfed or who were breastfed for ≤ 1 month (IR = 0.82; 95%CI: 0.69-0.97 and IR = 0.74; 95%CI: 0.59-0.91 for 3 and 5 points, respectively). Prolonged breastfeeding seems to play a protective role on the occurrence of CMD in adolescence.
Introduction: Monitoring the functional capacity of older adults is fundamental, and Handgrip Strength (HGS) is a consolidated marker of functional status in this age group. This study aimed to ...develop equations for predicting HGS in community-dwelling older adults in Primary Health Care (PHC). Methods: It is a cross-sectional study conducted with 316 older adults, in which a Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) was performed for the right hand (R-HGS) and left hand (L-HGS). The variables sex, age, weight, knee height (KH), arm circumference (AC), triceps skinfold (TSF), and calf circumference (CC) were considered predictors because they were easily obtained in PHC and significantly related to HGS. Results: In the final models, the variables sex, age, and KH together explained more than 50 % of the HGS variation. There was agreement between the estimated and measured HGS measurements, both for right and left side. Conclusions: It is concluded that the variability of HGS can be explained by age, sex, and KH, which are parameters simple and routinely used to evaluate older adults.
Resumo A partir da avaliação dos fatores que incidem na qualidade de vida (QV) é possível planejar as intervenções que proporcionam melhoria do bem-estar dos pacientes. Realizar a adaptação ...transcultural do questionário Miocardial Infarction Dimensional Assessment Scale (MIDAS) para língua portuguesa, buscando as equivalências semântica, idiomática, conceitual e cultural. Foi utilizado o referencial teórico de Guillemin, Bombardier e Beaton, cumprindo as seguintes etapas: tradução, retrotradução, avaliação dos autores, banca de juízes e pré-teste. Após todas as avaliações, foram alcançadas as equivalências semântica, conceitual, idiomática e cultural. A escala mostrou-se de fácil aplicação e importância clínica. O MIDAS encontra-se validado no que se refere às equivalências semânticas, idiomáticas, conceituais e culturais. Posteriormente, será avaliada a equivalência de mensuração, para verificar as propriedades psicométricas.
Objetivo: estimar os fatores que estão relacionados ao ganho de peso gestacional acima do recomendado. Métodos: a busca foi realizada em maio de 2021 nas bases de dados: LILACS, PubMed e COCHRANE, ...com os descritores: “Pregnant women”; “Gestational weight gain”; “Pregnancy”; “Gestation”; “Risk Factors”; “Socioeconomic Factors”. O protocolo do estudo foi registrado na PROSPERO sob o nº CRD42021258655. A seleção dos artigos foi realizada com foco na pergunta norteadora “Quais fatores estão associados ao ganho de peso gestacional acima do recomendado?”. Artigos selecionados foram analisados pelos sistemas “JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist” e Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Resultados: foram selecionados 15 artigos. Os fatores mais prevalentes, foram: peso pré-gestacional, uso de tabaco, paridade e renda familiar. Conclusão: estimar esses fatores contribui para a obtenção de um melhor período gestacional, parto e período pós-parto.