The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of the thermopotassium and thermophosphate agrominerals, as sources of P and K, in an organic pasture consortium of 'Marandu' Urochloa ...brizantha + Stylosanthes spp. in the Brazilian Cerrado. The organic management was compared with conventional farming using chemical fertilizers, during three years, in two adjacent experiments, one with and the other without previous growth of green manure (Crotalaria juncea). The management treatments were: conventional, with the application of 200 kg ha-1 potassium chloride, 260 kg ha-1 triple superphosphate, and 217 kg ha-1 urea; organic, with the application of 1.0 Mg ha-1 thermophosphate, 2.0 Mg ha-1 termopotassium, and 7.0 Mg ha-1 chicken manure; and control, without fertilizers. Soil fertility, dry mass production, and legume content in the pasture were evaluated. The experiment with green manure resulted in a significant increase in the soil-extractable contents of P and K and in pasture productivity. In the organic treatment, due to the slow release of agromineral nutrients, long-term effects are observed on the soil-extractable contents of P and K.
Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho dos agrominerais termopotássio e termofosfato, como fontes de P e K, em consórcio de pastagem orgânica de Urochloa brizantha 'Marandu' + Stylosanthes spp. no Cerrado brasileiro. O manejo orgânico foi comparado ao convencional com uso de fertilizantes químicos, durante três anos, em dois experimentos adjacentes, um com e outro sem cultivo prévio de adubo verde (Crotalaria juncea). Os tratamentos de manejo foram: convencional, com aplicação de 200 kg ha-1 de cloreto de potássio, 260 kg ha-1 de superfosfato triplo e 217 kg ha-1 de ureia; orgânico, com aplicação de 1,0 Mg ha-1 termopotássio, 2,0 Mg ha-1 termofosfato e 7,0 Mg ha-1 cama de frango; e controle, sem adubação. Foram avaliadas fertilidade do solo, produção de matéria seca e contribuição da leguminosa na pastagem. O experimento com adubação verde proporcionou aumento significativo nos teores de P e K extraíveis do solo e na produtividade da pastagem. No tratamento orgânico, devido à liberação lenta dos nutrientes dos agrominerais, são observados efeitos de longo prazo nos teores extraíveis de P e K do solo.
ABSTRACT This study was undertaken to determine the effects of chitosan and whole raw soybean on nutrient intake and total tract digestion, nitrogen utilization, microbial protein synthesis, blood ...metabolites, and energy balance of dairy heifers. Twelve Jersey heifers (6±0.5 months of age and 139.50±25.56 kg of live weight; mean ± standard deviation) were randomly assigned to a replicated Latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. The experimental period consisted of 14 days of adaptation to diets, six days of sampling, and five days of washout. The experimental diets were: control (CO); chitosan (CHI, inclusion of 2.0 g kg−1 DM of chitosan); whole raw soybean (WS, 163.0 g kg−1 of WS on diet DM basis); and chitosan + whole raw soybean (CHI+WS). Chitosan decreased dry matter and neutral detergent fiber intakes; however, CHI increased DM total tract digestion. An interaction effect was observed on retained nitrogen, which increased when animals were fed CHI+WS compared with CO or CHI, but did not differ from that of animals fed WS. Chitosan decreased microbial nitrogen and crude protein flow of heifers. Energy balance was improved when heifers received diets containing WS. Efficiency of energy utilization was not affected by experimental diets. An interaction effect was observed for blood high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration, which increased with both dietary inclusion of CHI and WS compared with the other diets, and CHI provided the lowest value of HDL cholesterol. Chitosan and whole raw soybean do not alter nutrient intake and total tract digestion; however, they decrease nitrogen urinary excretion and increase blood HDL cholesterol of heifers.
A AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR RUMO À PRODUÇÃO ORGÂNICA Shimada, Wagner Kazuyoshi; Reis, João Gilberto Mendes dos; Lopes, Antonio Carlos Vaz ...
Revista em agronegócio e meio ambiente,
09/2018, Letnik:
11, Številka:
3
Journal Article
A representatividade econômica, social e ambiental da agricultura familiar é cada vez mais reconhecida pelos governos e pela sociedade. Os movimentos sociais a favor do meio ambiente recaem sobre a ...atividade agrícola, exigindo metodologias alternativas de produção sustentável. Apesar do cenário favorável à produção orgânica aos empreendimentos de agricultura familiar, vários problemas recaem sobre essa atividade. Neste contexto, o objetivo desta pesquisa é apresentar a situação e características do setor na cidade de Dourados (MS), e identificar o método de produção mais viável aos pequenos produtores, utilizando de um modelo de decisão multicritério, baseado em um estudo de caso junto a um grupo de produtores orgânicos da região. Os resultados indicam o método de produção orgânico como o mais adequado aos empreendimentos familiares, considerando os critérios “produção”, “mercado” e “logística”.
ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effects of chitosan and homolactic microbial inoculant on fermentative losses, chemical composition, fermentative profile, and aerobic stability of ...whole-plant soybean silage (WPSS). Additionally, it was evaluated nutrients intake and digestibility of sheep fed increasing levels of WPSS. Thirty experimental silos were randomly allocated to one of the following treatments: 1) CON: control, WPSS without additives; 2) LPPA: WPSS with Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici; and 3) CHI: chitosan, WPSS with 5 g/kg of chitosan. Ten male sheep were used to evaluate increasing dietary levels of WPSS: 0, 200, 400, 600, and 800 g/kg of diet dry matter (DM). Additives increased silage lactic acid bacteria and decreased the count of mold and yeast, gas, and total losses. Silages treated with additives had lower pH, NH3-N, and ethanol concentrations and higher lactic and propionic acids relative to CON. LPPA-treated silos showed higher organic matter and non-fiber carbohydrates content than CHI-ones. Additives increased the aerobic stability of WPSS. The addition of WPSS in sheep diets linearly increased nutrients intake and digestibility. Chitosan and LPPA improve WPSS fermentation, aerobic stability, and nutritional value. The WPSS in substitution to Cynodon hay increases sheep feed intake and nutrients digestibility.
RESUMO Este estudo objetivou avaliar os efeitos da adição de quitosana e inoculante homolático sobre as perdas fermentativas, composição química, perfil fermentativo e estabilidade aeróbia da silagem de planta inteira de soja (SPIS). Em adição, foi avaliado o consumo e a digestibilidade de nutrientes em ovinos alimentados com dietas contendo níveis crescentes de SPIS. Trinta silos experimentais foram aleatoriamente alocados a um dos seguintes tratamentos: 1) CON: controle, SPIS sem aditivos; 2) LPPA: SPIS com Lactobacillus plantarum e Pediococcus acidilactici; e 3) QUI: quitosana, SPIS com 5 g/kg de quitosana. Dez ovinos machos foram usados para avaliar os níveis dietéticos de SPIS: 0, 200, 400, 600 e 800 g/kg da matéria seca (MS). Os aditivos aumentaram a contagem de bactérias láticas e reduziram a contagem de fungos e leveduras e as perdas fermentativas totais da SPIS. Silagens tratadas com aditivos tiveram menores pH, N-NH3 e etanol e maiores concentrações de ácido lático e propiônico, quando comparadas ao tratamento controle. Silos tratados com LPPA apresentaram maiores teores de matéria orgânica e carboidratos não fibrosos do que aqueles do tratamento QUI. Os aditivos aumentaram a estabilidade aeróbia da SPIS. A adição de SPIS na dieta de ovinos aumentou linearmente o consumo e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes. Quitosana e inoculante microbiano homolático melhoram a fermentação, estabilidade aeróbia e o valor nutricional da SPIS. A substituição de feno de Cynodon por SIPS aumenta o consumo e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes em ovinos.
This study evaluated the effects of two chemical additives or a microbial inoculant on chemical composition and DM losses in whole-plant soybean silage. One-hundred and twenty mini-silos were used in ...a completely randomized design experiment with the following treatments: water without chloride (control, CON); a microbial inoculant (INO); a chemical additive containing 35–45% formic acid (FA type); and another chemical additive containing 50–60% propionic acid (PA type). Data were analyzed using mixed models of SAS, and treatment differences were evaluated by the following orthogonal contrasts: C1 = CON vs. additives (INO + FA type + PA type); C2 = INO vs. chemical additives (FA type + PA type); and C3 = PA type vs. FA type. Silage pH and ammonia nitrogen concentration were decreased, and concentrations of lactic acid and acetic acid were increased with additives. Counts of lactic acid bacteria were higher in silages with INO than with chemical additives. DM recovery increased with FA type and PA type. Additives increased DM and CP concentrations. Silage A-fraction proportion was greater with additives. Additives, particularly FA type and PA type, improved chemical composition and fermentative profile and reduced undigestible proportions of protein in whole-plant soybean silage. Chemical additives were more effective in reducing silage DM losses than INO.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the ecological and environmental impacts of a group of family farmers in converting to organic production of honey, using the Ambitec method of animal ...production. A group of eight family production units were evaluated, with a comparative approach between the years of 2012 and 2014. The data for the survey was obtained through questionnaires applied to the representatives of the family production units, which attributed, for each variable studied, the value that represented the change provided by the implementation of the technology. After the insertion of the coefficients of change of each variable of environmental and ecological indicators per unit of production, the impact coefficient was automatically calculated through the Ambitec spreadsheet constructed by weighing matrices. It was observed that of the 25 indicators analyzed, 17 presented statistical differences (
P
< 0.05), but three indicators did not contribute to the improvement of the transition from the conventional to the organic. The average overall impact index for the conventional system was μ = − 1.5 and for the organic system μ = 3.7. There was a 17.79% increase in technology (PIT) for the transition from conventional production to the organic honey production system. There was a positive socio-environmental and ecological impact for beekeepers with the use of technologies introduced in the process of transition to organic honey production system.
RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar as características quantitativas e qualitativas da carcaça e da carne de cordeiros confinados alimentados com torta de girassol. Foram utilizados 28 cordeiros mestiços ...Suffolk, com quatro 4 meses de idade e peso médio de 21,00±0,74 kg, distribuídos em quatro tratamentos: 0% (controle), 10%, 20% e 30% de inclusão de torta de girassol (% MS). O critério adotado para o abate foi escore corporal (3, em escala de 1 a 5). A inclusão da torta de girassol não influenciou as medidas de comprimento e profundidade da carcaça (P>0,05), pH 24 horas (P>0,05), rendimentos dos cortes comerciais (P>0,05), assim como a distribuição de gordura, espessura de gordura subcutânea e grau de marmoreio (P>0,05). Houve efeito linear (P<0,035) e quadrático (P<0,020) sobre a força de cisalhamento do músculo Longissimus dorsi, indicando elevação da FC conforme aumento do nível de inclusão, não ocorrendo o mesmo para os parâmetros de cor L*, a* e b* (P>0,05). Em relação ao tratamento controle, a inclusão de 20% e 30% de torta de girassol influenciou negativamente a área de olho de lombo (12,00 e 11,43 cm2, respectivamente) (P<0,05), peso de carcaça fria (13,19 e 12,58 kg, respectivamente) (P<0,05), e tempo de confinamento (136,85 e 138,39 dias respectivamente) (P<0,05). A inclusão de até 10% de torta de girassol pode ser recomendada para uso em dietas de cordeiros em confinamento, já que permite a produção de carne e carcaças com características quantitativas e qualitativas satisfatórias, sem afetar negativamente as características de desempenho.
This study aimed to evaluate the kinetics of dry matter degradation and neutral detergent fiber of banana peel treated with limestone. The banana peel has been acquired from a candy manufacturer that ...after washing with chlorinated water to 1% and pulp removal was discarded. The banana peel in nature was treated with 1, 2, 3 and 4% of limestone in the natural matter, homogenized and pre-dried in the sun for 120 hours. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized experimental design, with five treatments (0 (control), 1, 2, 3 and 4% inclusion of limestone) with 3 repetitions. The dry matter potential degradability, showed no difference (P>0.05) in the levels compared to the control with an average of 67.58%. The insoluble degradation fraction rate of dry matter and the fiber fraction did not differ (P> 0.05) between levels and control. In relation to effective degradability of neutral detergent fiber, there was an increase of 3.47% for each percentage unit increased limestone. In relation to the ruminal degradation parameters of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber is not recommended the utilization of limestone as an additive in the treatment of banana peel.
Avaliou-se a degradabilidade ruminal in situ, em ovinos dos grãos e coprodutos de girassol, soja e crambe, em três ovinos da raça Santa Inês com peso de 40 kg, fistulados e providos de cânulas ...ruminais, mantidos em baias individuais. Os alimentos foram incubados em ordem decrescente de 72, 48, 24, 18, 6, 3 e 0h. A fração potencialmente degradável da MS para a torta de girassol foi 73,7% e da PB 34,6%, o que proporcionou média degradação ruminal para PB. O grão de girassol apresentou baixa degradabilidade ruminal para a MS e PB (33,55 e 25,98%). A torta de soja apresentou fração solúvel de 23,15 e 7,79%, para a MS e PB, com uma degradabilidade efetiva de 75,6 e 70,89%, enquanto que o grão de soja apresentou baixa fração solúvel para MS e PB (4,79 e 8,73%), acarretando baixa degradabilidade ruminal. O grão de crambe e a torta de crambe apresentaram os maiores teores de FDA, e baixa degradabilidade ruminal, tanto para a MS como para a PB. Os valores para a fração potencialmente degradável e fração solúvel foram semelhantes. Os alimentos avaliados apresentaram média degradabilidade ruminal, exceto a torta de soja que apresentou maior valor de degradabilidade ruminal. Palavras-chave: composição química, matéria seca, proteína, sacos de náilon, tempo de colonização. In situ ruminal degradability of crambe, sunflower and soybean seeds and their by-products in sheep feeding. Ruminal degradability of crambe, sunflower and soybean grains and their by-products in sheep was evaluated by an "in situ" technique. Three 40 kg-Santa Ines fistulated sheep provided with ruminal cannula and kept in individual pens were analyzed. Feeds were incubated in the rumen in the following decreasing order 72, 48, 24, 18, 6, 3 and 0h. The potentially degradable fraction for DM in sunflower meal amounted to 73.7%, whereas it reached 34.6% in the case of CP, with medium ruminal degradation. Sunflower grain had low ruminal degradability for DM and CP (33.55 and 25.98%). Crushed soybean grain had soluble fraction of 23.15 and 7.79% respectively for DM and CP, with an effective degradability of 75.6 and 70.89%. Further, soybean whole grain presented low soluble fraction for DM and CP, respectively 4.79 and 8.73%, with low ruminal degradability. Crambe whole grain and crushed meal had the highest ADF rates, with low ruminal degradability for DM and CP. Rates for potentially degradable and soluble fraction were similar. Evaluated feeds had medium ruminal degradability, except for soybean crushed meal with the highest rate in ruminal degradability. Key words: chemical composition, dry matter, protein, nylon bags, graining period.
Performance and economic analysis of finished lambs in feedlot Oliveira, Euclides Reuter de; Monção, Flávio Pinto; Gabriel, Andréa Maria de Araújo ...
Semina. Ciências agrárias : revista cultural e científica da Universidade Estadual de Londrina,
01/2016, Letnik:
37, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This study aimed to evaluate animal performance and economic performance of feedlot crossbred lambs (½ Santa Inês+ ½ Suffolk) fed different diets based on hay from Cynodon dactylon genotypes, through ...the use of financial measures considering only the period of confinement, without relating it to the complete management cycle. A total of 30 intact crossbred Suffolk lambs, identified with earrings, with an average age of 90 days and an average body weight of 21.5 kg were used in this study. Diets were formulated using as treatments a standard concentrate and hay of the Cynodon dactylon genotypes Jiggs, Vaquero, Tifton 68, Coast-Cross, Tifton 85 and Russell in a 60:40 forage-to-concentrate ratio. The treatments were distributed in a randomized complete block design with five replicates. There were significant differences between diets in terms of total expenditure on food, and the highest values were obtained for the Jiggs genotype (BRL 48.96/animal). The animals fed diets based on Tifton 68 hay had a higher rate of return (2.16%) and profitability (34.63%) compared to the other diets. The use of diets based on Tifton 68 hay for feedlot lambs in the finishing phase brings higher economic returns compared to the remaining diets.
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