Lactococcosis in fish has been associated with Lactococcus garvieae and the recently described L. petauri. However, the relevance of these emerging fish pathogens to Nile tilapia still requires ...thorough understanding. This study investigated lactococcosis outbreaks in Nile tilapia on Brazilian farms and characterized the isolates through multilocus sequence typing (MLST), virulence to Nile tilapia, and antimicrobial susceptibility. Lactococcosis outbreaks were monitored from 2019 to 2022 throughout Brazil. The outbreaks occurred mainly during warmer months, and co-infections were observed in four farms, whereas concurrent bacterial infections were identified in all farms. Since the sequence of the 16S rRNA was not capable of differentiating between L. petauri and L. garvieae, Lactococcus spp. isolates were identified at the species level using the gyrB gene sequence. In total, 30 isolates were classified as L. petauri and two as L. garvieae. According to the MLST, all L. petauri isolates were grouped in the sequence type (ST) 24, except for one isolate which belonged to the newly described ST47. A new ST was also described for the L. garvieae isolates identified, ST46. The L. petauri ST24 and ST47 were characterized as singletons, whereas L. garvieae ST46 was grouped with ST16 and ST17 and formed CC17. For the challenge trial, an L. petauri ST24 isolate was chosen considering that this MLST lineage was the most frequently observed. Fish were challenged by intraperitoneal injection and different bacterial doses were used (106 to 102 CFU per fish). The infection in the challenged fish progressed very rapidly, and within 48 h post-challenge clinical signs and the first mortalities were observed. The pathogenicity of L. petauri to Nile tilapia was confirmed. The estimated LD50 was 5.74 × 103 CFU 15 days post-challenge. Provisional epidemiological cutoff values were determined for L. petauri for six antimicrobial agents from different drug classes. All isolates were characterized as wild type (WT) for neomycin and oxytetracycline, whereas 96.67% of the isolates were characterized as WT for amoxicillin, erythromycin, and florfenicol, and 83.33% were WT for norfloxacin. The L. petauri ST24 was observed in different regions of the country, illustrating a rapid expansion of this bacterial lineage.
•Lactococcus petauri is pathogenic to Nile tilapia.•L. petauri was implicated in most lactococcosis outbreaks in tilapia in Brazil.•The most frequent and spread MLST lineage was L. petauri ST24.•The gyrB sequence allowed for the differentiation of L. petauri and L. garvieae.
Background
In recent years, aesthetic procedures aiming at body remodeling and have grown exponentially. Cryolipolysis (CLL) has stood out as a noninvasive resource that acts directly on the ...subcutaneous adipose tissue promoting a significant reduction of adipose tissue through of cooling that could lead to the crystallization cytoplasmic lipids, loss of cellular integrity, apoptosis/necrosis of adipocytes, and local inflammation, producing selective loss of adipose tissue. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a specific technique of CLL application on the inflammatory reactions of the target tissue in different post‐application times.
Methods
This is a randomized, blind clinical study that evaluated the tissue sample of six patients after 45, 60, and 90 days of an innovative protocol for the application of CLL, with samples collected through abdominoplasty surgeries. The samples were evaluated by immunohistochemical analyses of several markers.
Results
A significantly greater increase in fibroblasts was observed at 45 days and greater phagocytic action at 60 days.
Regarding the apoptosis process, the expression of caspase 3 and cleaved caspase 3 markers varied at different times, with cleaved caspase 3 being higher at 45 and 90 days after CLL application.
Conclusion
The protocol of the CLL presented in this study was able to induce inflammatory responses in addition to confirming the selective apoptotic action at the different times studied.
Background: Cryofrequency consists of the combination of cryotherapy and radiofrequency, acting simultaneously in the treatment of flaccidity and localized adiposity.
Objective: To investigate the ...effects of cryofrequency at the dermal and hypodermic levels.
Materials and methods: This is a case study, composed of one woman of 39-year-old, with interest to perform abdominoplasty surgery, presenting adiposity and flaccidity located in infra-umbilical region. Its treatment consists of eight cryofrequence applications.
Results: There was reduction of 7 cm on supra-umbilical plicometry and 6 cm on infra-umbilical; a decrease of 2.7 kg of body weight. The ultrasound data show a decrease of 0.6 mm, in the thickness of the adipose layer. In the histological analysis: thicker epidermis, with more layers and dermis with greater number of fibroblasts and inflammatory cells, greater quantity of neoformed collagen tissue.
Conclusion: The application of cryofrequence promoted reduction of adipose tissue and increased production of collagen.
Level of Evidence: Level III, case-control study.
RESUMO Introdução: A cirurgia plástica, apesar das diversas situações em que atua, tem o caráter estético difundido na sociedade, associado aos ideais de beleza e à busca das pessoas pela perfeição ...corporal. Atualmente, as medidas corporais são cada vez mais detalhadas, exibidas pela mídia como sucesso nos mais diversos âmbitos sociais. O objetivo do presente estudo será identificar o conceito de cirurgia plástica vinculado aos meios de comunicação impressos do Brasil e disponíveis virtualmente, analisando e descrevendo o tipo de informação veiculada ao público leigo. Método: Para a coleta de dados, foi realizada busca sistemática de todas as notícias publicadas em meios de comunicação impressos do Brasil e disponíveis virtualmente. Para a busca, utilizamos o descritor “cirurgia plástica” no Portal Interjornal®. Foram incluídas no estudo todas as notícias publicadas entre janeiro de 2008 e dezembro de 2011, que contêm o termo “cirurgia plástica”. As notícias selecionadas foram lidas e submetidas a um protocolo previamente definido. Resultado: Foram analisadas 1983 notícias. Deste total, 1367 (68,94%) foram classificadas como estéticas; 423 (21,33%) como reparadoras; 47 (2,37%) como estéticas e reparadoras, e 146 (7,36%) como não classificáveis. Conclusão: O conceito da cirurgia plástica veiculado pela mídia está geralmente associado à realização de procedimentos estéticos. Tanto o conteúdo quanto a qualidade das informações disponibilizadas pela mídia são insuficientes para esclarecer o público de forma adequada sobre o verdadeiro papel da especialidade e os cuidados que devem ser tomados ao se submeter a qualquer tipo de procedimento cirúrgico.
O artigo aborda como o direito ao meio ambiente – art. 225 da CF - ganhou a natureza, a classificação e a ordenação como direito fundamental no constitucionalismo brasileiro. O objetivo do artigo é ...o de analisar e descrever o conjunto teórico, normativo e juriprudencial que dá suporte à consideração do direito ao meio ambiente como direito fundamental. A metodologia do trabalho envolveu a utilização de referenciais teóricos iniciais gerais, sobre direitos fundamentais e direito ao ambiente para, na sequência, desenvolver as bases normativas e jurisprudenciais do direito ao meio ambiente como direito fundamental na experiência de 1988 para cá. A pesquisa tem natureza de pesquisa qualitativa e utilizou fontes bibliográficas e documentais para a produção do texto. Ao final, há a elaboração de quadro síntese de como a combinação de teoria e fontes (normativas e jurisprudenciais) construíram a natureza jusfundamental do direito ao meio ambiente sadio e equilibrado do art. 225, CF.
In the present work, we investigated PtSnCe/C (68:22:10), PtSnIr/C (33:33:33) and commercial PtSn/C (E-Tek) electrocatalysts as anodes in a DEFC. The effects of decreasing the Pt content in the ...electrocatalysts were also investigated. The product distributions resulting from the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) in acid solutions using PtSnCe/C, PtSnIr/C and the commercial PtSn/C materials as electrocatalysts were determined by in situ FTIR spectroscopy. All of the anodes contained 20% (w/w) metal on carbon. From in situ FTIR experiments using 2.0 mol L-1 ethanol, it was observed that the PtSnCe/C and PtSnIr/C materials led to the formation of acetic acid as the predominant oxidation product. The best results for the EOR were obtained with the PtSnCe/C material. However, it was observed that the PtSnIr/C electrocatalyst material tolerated a decrease in Pt content while still showing good performance.
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