Several lanthanide and actinide tetranitrate ions, M(III)(NO3)4(-), were produced by electrospray ionization and subjected to collision induced dissociation in quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometers. ...The nature of the MO(NO3)3(-) products that result from NO2 elimination was evaluated by measuring the relative hydrolysis rates under thermalized conditions. Based on the experimental results it is inferred that the hydrolysis rates relate to the intrinsic stability of the M(IV) oxidation states, which correlate with both the solution IV/III reduction potentials and the fourth ionization energies. Density functional theory computations of the energetics of hydrolysis and atoms-in-molecules bonding analysis of representative oxide and hydroxide nitrates substantiate the interpretations. The results allow differentiation between those MO(NO3)3(-) that comprise an O(2-) ligand with oxidation to M(IV) and those that comprise a radical O(-) ligand with retention of the M(III) oxidation state. In the particular cases of MO(NO3)3(-) for M = Pr, Nd and Tb it is proposed that the oxidation states are intermediate between M(III) and M(IV).
•One-pot sustainable synthesis of valuable nitrogen compounds from biomass resources.•One-pot synthesis of quinazolines from carbohydrates.•One-pot synthesis of 2-furfurylidene derivatives from ...carbohydrates.•HReO4 as an efficient catalyst for the conversion of carbohydrates into nitrogen compounds.
In this work we report a new one-pot process for the sustainable synthesis of 2-furanylquinazolines and 2-furfurylidene derivatives from carbohydrates, including xylose, fructose and xylan, with moderate overall yields, catalyzed by perrhenic acid.
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•Sea lavender can be irrigated with irrigation salinity up to 300 mM NaCl.•Irrigation salinity effects plant growth, metabolomics and antioxidant properties.•Flowers’ had the highest compounds’ ...diversity mainly flavonoids.•Functional and chemical profiles varied with the plant source, organ and salinity.•Cultivated plants retain relevant antioxidant properties and chemical components.
Limonium algarvense Erben (sea lavender) is a halophyte species with potential to provide natural ingredients with in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and antidiabetic properties. This study reports for the first time the 1) cultivation of sea lavender in greenhouse conditions under irrigation with freshwater (approx. 0 mM NaCl) and saline aquaculture wastewater (300 and 600 mM NaCl), and 2) the influence of the irrigation salinity on the plant performance (e.g. growth, number of produced leaves and flowers), in vitro antioxidant properties radical scavenging activity (DPPH and ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), metal chelating properties on copper (CCA) and iron (ICA), toxicity (in vitro on three mammalian cell lines) and chemical composition (determined by LC-ESI-HRMS/MS). The freshwater-irrigated plants had better growth performance than those irrigated with saltwater. Extracts from wild plants, had the highest antioxidant activity, but those from cultivated ones kept high in vitro antioxidant properties and interesting chemical profile. The flowers’ extracts of plants irrigated with 300 mM NaCl had the highest antioxidant activities against DPPH, whereas those from freshwater-irrigated plants were more active on ABTS, CCA and FRAP. Most of the extracts showed nil toxicity. The flowers’ extracts displayed the highest diversity of compounds, mainly quercetin, apigenin, luteolin, naringenin and their glycoside derivatives. Moreover, their abundance varied with the irrigation salinity. These data indicate that sea lavender plants can be successfully cultivated in greenhouse conditions under fresh- and saltwater irrigation, maintaining interesting biological and chemical properties.
This paper presents a reference correlation for the viscosity of tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate designed to serve in industrial applications for the calibration of viscometers at elevated ...temperatures and pressures such as those encountered in the exploration of oil reservoirs and in lubrication. Tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate has been examined with respect to the criteria necessary for an industrial standard reference material such as toxicity, thermal stability, and variability among manufactured lots. The viscosity correlation has been based upon all of the data collected in a multinational project and is supported by careful measurements and analysis of all the supporting thermophysical property data that are needed to apply the standard for calibration to a wide variety of viscometers. The standard reference viscosity data cover temperatures from 303 to 473 K, pressures from 0.1 to 200 MPa, and viscosities from approximately 1.6 to 755 mPa s. The uncertainty in the data provided is of the order of 3.2% at 95% confidence level, which is thought to be adequate for most industrial applications.
•Burkholderia sacchari able to produce P(3HB), xylitol and xylonic acid from xylose.•Best feeding scheme for high P(3HB) productivity on glucose/xylose mixtures.•High P(3HB) productivity and xylose ...consumption with glucose-rich sugar mixtures.•High xylose concentrations in the medium induce xylitol production as by-product.•Xylonic acid produced from xylose when a xylose-rich sugar mixture is used.
Efficient production of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (P(3HB)) based on glucose-xylose mixtures simulating different types of lignocellulosic hydrolysate (LCH) was addressed using Burkholderia sacchari, a wild strain capable of metabolizing both sugars and producing P(3HB). Carbon catabolite repression was avoided by maintaining glucose concentration below 10g/L. Xylose concentrations above 30g/L were inhibitory for growth and production. In fed-batch cultivations, pulse size and feed addition rate were controlled in order to reach high productivities and efficient sugar consumptions. High xylose uptake and P(3HB) productivity were attained with glucose-rich mixtures (glucose/xylose ratio in the feed=1.5w/w) using high feeding rates, while with xylose-richer feeds (glucose/xylose=0.8w/w), a lower feeding rate is a robust strategy to avoid xylose build-up in the medium. Xylitol production was observed with xylose concentrations in the medium above 30–40g/L. With sugar mixtures featuring even lower glucose/xylose ratios, i.e. xylose-richer feeds (glucose/xylose=0.5), xylonic acid (a second byproduct) was produced. This is the first report of the ability of Burkholderia sacchari to produce both xylitol and xylonic acid.
Many thousands of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are used worldwide and disposed in the environment after use. Several removal methodologies have been proposed but clear ...improvements in effectiveness and efficiency are needed. In this work, new hybrid photocatalytic nanomaterials were obtained through sensitization of titanate nanotubes (TNT) and nanowires (TNW) with ethylenediamine (EDAmine). The prepared materials, NTNT and NTNW respectively, were morphologically, structurally, and optically characterized by XRD, TEM, DRS and XPS. No modifications in the structure and morphology were detected after EDAmine incorporation. However, an increase in the visible light absorption and in the point of zero charge was observed. The application of these novel hybrid nanomaterials in the catalytic photodegradation of emergent pollutants was studied. Terephthalic acid was used as a probe for hydroxyl radical photocatalytic production evaluation. The highest catalytic activity was achieved by the NTNT sample. The photocatalytic ability of the hybrid materials for the degradation of psychoactive substances, caffeine and theophylline, and for phenol removal was evaluated and the secondary products identified. After 60 min under UV-vis radiation, the NTNT sample was the best catalyst, achieving 98% photodegradation efficiency for phenol and theophylline and 60% for caffeine (20 ppm solutions). A mechanism for charge transfer in irradiated NTNT is proposed and discussed.
Encapsulation of oleoresins for salt reduction in food Serrano, Carmo; Sapata, Margarida; Oliveira, M Conceição O ...
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Technologia Alimentaria,
2020 Jan-Mar, Letnik:
19, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In our study, oleoresins were explored for their ability to replace the original ground spice and herbs with a standardized taste and aroma, and mask the salt reduction. In order to protect taste and ...aroma oleoresins from high temperature, and to improve their solubility in food matrices, encapsulation with inulin and maltodextrin was carried out from two mixtures of oleoresins using two drying processes (spray and freeze drying), thus allowing it to be used as an additive to reduce salt for convenience in the food industry.
The oleoresins experiment was conducted with two mixtures to apply to meat and fish. Oleoresins were obtained by solvent extraction, and the solvent was removed by evaporation, encapsulated into inulin and maltodextrin microcapsules, and powdered by spray and freeze drying. Physicochemical analyses were carried out using several methods (drying yields, water activity, solubility, hygroscopicity, color, encapsulation efficiency), and characterization of the microcapsules was done by scanning electron microscopy. The total phenolic compounds were quantified using the Folin-Ciocalteau method, and the chemical compounds present in the microcapsules were elucidated by high resolution mass spectrometry.
Freeze and spray drying the microcapsules presented good quality products with high yields, high encapsulation efficiency and good solubility. The spray drying process can offer better applications for the food industry due to the more regular shape of the microcapsules. In addition, inulin microcapsules obtained by spray drying showed a more protective effect for flavonoid compounds in fish oleoresins, while maltodextrin microcapsules offered more protection for hydroxycinnamic acids in meat oleoresins.
The present study shows an attractive encapsulation system for non-volatile compounds from oleoresins, which results in standardized taste and aroma products that can reduce salt in food systems with different compositions.
Highlights ► Long-term treatment with Ginkgo biloba extract improves fear memory. ► This effect is related to an increase of CREB-1 and GFAP expression in the DH and AC. ► Present results suggest a ...role of the DH in the acquisition of lick suppression. ► The amygdala may have a role in the effects of EGb on the expression of conditioned fear. ► This effect is correlated with changes in the GAP-43 and CREB-1 expression.
Despite the rapidly increasing number of patients suffering from type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, and diabetes-induced dementia, there are no disease-modifying therapies that are able to prevent ...or block disease progress. In this work, we investigate the potential of nature-inspired glucosylpolyphenols against relevant targets, including islet amyloid polypeptide, glucosidases, and cholinesterases. Moreover, with the premise of Fyn kinase as a paradigm-shifting target in Alzheimer’s drug discovery, we explore glucosylpolyphenols as blockers of Aβ-induced Fyn kinase activation while looking into downstream effects leading to Tau hyperphosphorylation. Several compounds inhibit Aβ-induced Fyn kinase activation and decrease pTau levels at 10 μM concentration, particularly the per-O-methylated glucosylacetophloroglucinol and the 4-glucosylcatechol dibenzoate, the latter inhibiting also butyrylcholinesterase and β-glucosidase. Both compounds are nontoxic with ideal pharmacokinetic properties for further development. This work ultimately highlights the multitarget nature, fine structural tuning capacity, and valuable therapeutic significance of glucosylpolyphenols in the context of these metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders.
Environmental monitoring, particularly of water, is crucial to screen and preselect potential hazardous substances for policy guidance and risk minimisation strategies. In Portugal, extensive data ...are missing. This work aimed to perform a qualitative survey of antibiotics in surface- groundwater, reflecting demographic, spatial, consumption and drug profiles during an observational period of three years. A passive sampling technique (POCIS) and high-resolution chromatographic system were used to monitor and analyse the antibiotics. The most frequently detected antibiotics were enrofloxacin/ciprofloxacin and tetracycline in surface-groundwater, while clarithromycin/erythromycin and sulfamethoxazole were identified only in surface water. The detection of enzyme inhibitors (e.g., tazobactam/cilastatin) used exclusively in hospitals and abacavir, a specific human medicine was also noteworthy. North (Guimarães, Santo Tirso and Porto) and South (Faro, Olhão and Portimão) Portugal were the regions with the most significant frequency of substances in surface water. The relatively higher detection downstream of the effluent discharge points compared with a low detection upstream could be attributed to a low efficiency in urban wastewater treatment plants and an increased agricultural pressure. This screening approach is essential to identify substances in order to perform future quantitative risk assessment and establishing water quality standards. The greatest challenge of this survey data is to promote an ecopharmacovigilance framework, implement measures to avoid misuse/overuse of antibiotics and slow down emission and antibiotic resistance.
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