•New archaeomagnetic data from the Early Iron Ages were obtained for Spain.•High geomagnetic fluctuation rates up to 8° and 16 μT/century were observed.•A new reconstruction model (SHAWQ-Iron Age) ...has been obtained.•New hints about the evolution of the Levantine Iron Age Anomaly (LIAA) are shown.•Normal flux patch (NFP) linked to the LIAA is observed at the core-mantle boundary.
Variations of geomagnetic field in the Iberian Peninsula prior to Late Iron Age times are poorly constrained. Here we report 14 directional and 10 palaeointensity results from an archaeomagnetic study carried out on 17 combustion structures recovered from six archaeological sites in eastern Spain. The studied materials have been dated by archaeological evidences and supported by radiocarbon dates (8th-5th centuries BC). Rock magnetic experiments indicate that the characteristic remanent magnetization is carried by a low coercivity magnetic phase with Curie temperatures of 500-575°C, most likely titanomagnetite/maghemite with low titanium content. Archaeointensity determinations were carried out by using the classical Thellier-Thellier experiment including pTRM-checks and magnetic anisotropy corrections. A new full vector Iberian Paleosecular Variation Curve for the Iron Age is presented. High fluctuation rates on both directions and intensities are observed during the Early Iron times that seems to be related with the Levantine Iron Age Anomaly (LIAA), the most prominent anomaly of the geomagnetic field of the last three millennia. Two intensity maxima were observed at Iberian coordinates, the oldest around 750 BC (associated with easterly declinations of around 23°) and the second 275 yrs later (475 BC) with northerly directions. The related virtual axial dipole moment was up to 14⋅1022 Am2 for the oldest materials (750 BC) and reaching 16⋅1022 Am2 for the materials corresponding to the end of the Early Iron Age.
In order to investigate the origin of the unusually high fluctuations of the palaeofield we have developed a new global geomagnetic field reconstruction, the SHAWQ-IronAge model, which is based on a critical revision of the global archeomagnetic and volcanic dataset. The new model provides an improved description of the evolution of the LIAA, which is related to a normal flux patch at the core-mantle boundary (CMB) below Arabian Peninsula clearly observed at around 950 BC. This flux patch expanded towards the north-west, while decreasing in intensity, reaching Iberia at around 750 BC. Around 600-500 BC, it underwent a revival below the European continent after that it seems to vanish in situ.
The service sector is extraordinarily important for the European economy, as it accounts for 75% of the GDP. Yet it is also a huge consumer of energy, especially in urban environments. Municipalities ...have the authority to develop and manage municipal services, and as a result the European Commission drew up the Covenant of Mayors in which the signatory municipalities pledge to reduce their CO2 emissions by 20% of their 1990 rates. Sustainable Energy Action Plans (SEAPs) emerged from this covenant with the goal of analysing the current consumption patterns and compiling the actions that the municipalities should undertake in order to fulfil their pledges.
This article focuses on analysing the energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of 978 municipal service facilities in the province of Barcelona in the year 2005. The average consumption per facility by surface area is 118.8kWh/m2. Regarding greenhouse gas emissions, the average annual emissions in the facilities studied in the province of Barcelona were 40.0kgCO2eq/m2.
•Energy consumption and GHG emissions of 978 municipal facilities are analysed.•The average annual energy consumption per facility is 130MWh.•The average annual energy consumption per facility by surface area is 118.8kWh/m2.•The average annual GHG emissions in the facilities studied are 40.0kgCO2eq/m2.
Se presenta el accidentado desarrollo que desde su inicio en 1845 ha tenido el Museo de Bellas Artes de Castellón hasta alcanzar la situación actual como centro de referencia cultural de la ...provincia, haciendo especial hincapié en las colecciones arqueológicas. Una historia que merece ser conocida para comprender su evolución, su desarrollo y su particular enriquecimiento.
Después de la II Guerra Púnica y la integración del este peninsular a la República romana, la sociedad ibérica, aunque continuó su propio desarrollo con reafirmación de su idiosincrasia en muchos ...aspectos, se verá afectada por el devenir económico y social del nuevo estado al que pertenece, tal y como se ve en el estudio del patrón de asentamiento existente entre el río Ebro y el Palancia After the Second Punic War and the integration of the East peninsular to the Roman Republic, the Iberian social culture, although it continued its own development with a reaffirmattion of its idiosyncrasy in many respects, will be affected by the economic and social development of the new State to which it belongs, as seen in the study of the pattern of existing settlement between the Ebro river and the Palancia.
Con la información proporcionada por la Arqueología se identifican una serie de signos relacionados con la imagen del poder social y económico, y con ello se hace una aproximación a la estructura de ...la sociedad del Hierro antiguo y de la Cultura Ibérica en la zona comprendida entre el río Ebro y el Palancia, territorio qeu según las fuentes escritas fue ocupado por los ilercavones.
Oliver Foix Arturo. La representación de rostros en la iconografía de las vasijas cerámicas ibéricas. In: Entre los mundos: Homenaje a Pedro Barcelo / Zwischen den Welten: Festschrift für Pedro ...Barcelo. Besançon : Institut des Sciences et Techniques de l'Antiquité, 2017. pp. 417-440. (Collection « ISTA », 1382)
Estudio de los materiales del "Legado Esteve", depositado en el Museo de Bellas Artes de Castellón, procedentes de la necrópolis ibérica del Mas Nou de Bernabé, localizada en la localidad de Tirig ...(Castellón), así corno su relación con las restantes necrópolis de los territorios limítrofes.
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