A comprehensive assessment of cannabis use by patients with cancer has not previously been reported. In this study, we aimed to characterize patient perspectives about cannabis and its use.
An ...anonymous survey about cannabis use was offered to patients 18 years of age and older attending 2 comprehensive and 2 community cancer centres, comprising an entire provincial health care jurisdiction in Canada (ethics id: hreba-17011).
Of 3138 surveys distributed, 2040 surveys were returned (65%), with 1987 being sufficiently complete for analysis (response rate: 63%). Of the respondents, 812 (41%) were less than 60 years of age; 45% identified as male, and 55% as female; and 44% had completed college or higher education.Of respondents overall, 43% reported any lifetime cannabis use. That finding was independent of age, sex, education level, and cancer histology. Cannabis was acquired through friends (80%), regulated medical dispensaries (10%), and other means (6%). Of patients with any use, 81% had used dried leaves.Of the 356 patients who reported cannabis use within the 6 months preceding the survey (18% of respondents with sufficiently complete surveys), 36% were new users. Their reasons for use included cancer-related pain (46%), nausea (34%), other cancer symptoms (31%), and non-cancer-related reasons (56%).
The survey demonstrated that prior cannabis use was widespread among patients with cancer (43%). One in eight respondents identified at least 1 cancer-related symptom for which they were using cannabis.
Abstract Aims The Canadian Partnership for Quality Radiotherapy quality assurance guidelines recommend that radiation oncologist peer review of curative radiotherapy plans takes place ideally before ...the first fraction of treatment is delivered. This study documented and evaluated the outcomes of weekly, disease site-specific, radiotherapy peer review, quality assurance rounds at the Tom Baker Cancer Centre in Calgary, Canada with a view to making recommendations about the optimal timing and documentation of peer review during the radiotherapy planning processes. Materials and Methods Outcomes of each case reviewed at (i) breast, (ii) head and neck (including thyroid and cutaneous cases) and (iii) lung team quality assurance rounds from 6 January to 5 May 2015 were recorded prospectively. Each radiotherapy plan was assigned an outcome: A for plans with no suggested changes; B for satisfactory, but where issues were raised to consider for future patients; or C when a change was recommended before the first or next fraction. The B outcomes were further subdivided into B1 for a case-specific concern and B2 for a policy gap. Plans were assessed after contour definition and before the plan was formulated (post-contouring reviews) and/or assessed when the plan was complete (post-planning reviews). Results 209 radiotherapy plans prescribed by 20 radiation oncologists were peer reviewed at 43 quality assurance meetings. 93% were curative-intent and 7% were palliative. 83% of plans were reviewed before delivery of the first treatment fraction. There were a total of 257 case reviews: 60 at the post-contouring stage, 197 at the post-planning stage, including 46 patients reviewed at both time points. Overall rates of A, B1, B2 and C outcomes were 78%, 9%, 4% and 9%, respectively. The most common reason for a B or C outcome was related to target volume definition. Only 56% of C outcomes at the post-planning stage would have been detected at the post-contouring stage. Results varied between tumour site groups. Conclusions 9% of radiotherapy plans reviewed had changes suggested before delivery to the patient. Review at the post-planning stage after plan completion was necessary to detect all suggested changes, but for head and neck cases, all C outcomes could have been detected at the post-contouring stage. More widespread implementation of radiotherapy peer review in the UK is recommended.
•Diets contaminated with a mixture of xenoestrogens affected lipid metabolism.•Environmental pollution is a causal factor of hepatic steatosis.•FT-IR analysis showed the increase of lipids in hepatic ...tissue.•LC/ESI-QTRAP-MS/MS analysis showed the ability of NP to accumulate in the muscle of fish.
Many man-made chemical compounds are recognized as endocrine disruptors and once released into the environment are likely to spread and bioaccumulate in wild species. Due to their lipophilic nature, these substances pass through the cell membrane or bind to specific receptors activating physiological responses that in the long run can cause reproductive impairment, physiological disorders, including the occurrence of metabolic syndromes. One significant source of contamination is represented by the consumption of polluted food. As a consequence, different environmental pollutants, with similar or different modes of action, can accumulate in organisms and biomagnify along the food web, finally targeting humans. The aim of this study was to analyze, under controlled conditions, the effects induced by the consumption of contaminated diets, focusing on the effects exerted at hepatic level. Juvenile seabream were fed for 21days a diet enriched with different combinations of pollutants, nonylphenol (NP), tert-octylphenol (t-OP) and bisphenol A (BPA). The different diets containing 5mg/kg bw of each contaminant, were formulated as follows: NP+tOP, BPA+NP, BPA+tOP and NP+BPA+tOP (NBO). EDCs, at the doses administered, showed low biomagnification factor (BMF), suggesting that these pollutants hardly accumulate in muscles. The results obtained at hepatic level pinpointed the steatotic effect of all the administered diets, associated to a modulation of the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism (ppars, fas, lpl, and hsl). Results were compared to those obtained in previous studies in which fish were fed single pollutants evidencing that the administration of mixture of contaminants exerts a milder lipogenic effect, highlighting the contrasting/antagonistic interaction establishing among chemicals. Noteworthy was the setup of a new chromatographic method to detect the presence of the selected chemical in fish muscle and the application of Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) analysis to evaluate pollutant-induced changes in the liver macromolecular building.
Recent evidence suggests that carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and brachial biceps tendon rupture (BBTR) represent red flags for ATTR cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR‐CA). The prevalence of upper limb ...tenosynovial complications in conditions entering differential diagnosis with CA, such as HCM or Anderson–Fabry disease (AFD), and hence their predictive accuracy in this setting, still remains unresolved. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of CTS and BBTR in a consecutive cohort of ATTR‐CA patients, compared with patients with HCM or AFD and with individuals without cardiac disease history. Participants: Consecutive patients with a diagnosis of ATTR‐CA, HCM and AFD were evaluated. A control group of consecutive patients was recruited among subjects hospitalized for noncardiac reasons and no cardiac disease history. The presence of BBTR, CTS or prior surgery related to these conditions was ascertained. Results: 342 patients were prospectively enrolled, including 168 ATTR‐CA (141 ATTRwt, 27 ATTRm), 81 with HCM/AFD (N = 72 and 9, respectively) and 93 controls. CTS was present in 75% ATTR‐CA patients, compared with 13% and 10% of HCM/AFD and controls (P = 0.0001 for both comparisons). Bilateral CTS was present in 60% of ATTR‐CA patients, while it was rare (2%) in the other groups. BBTR was present in 44% of ATTR‐CA patients, 8% of controls and 1% in HCM/AFD. Conclusions: CTS and BBTR are fivefold more prevalent in ATTR‐CA patients compared with cardiac patients with other hypertrophic phenotypes. Positive predictive accuracy for ATTR‐CA is highest when involvement is bilateral. Upper limb assessment of patients with HCM phenotypes is a simple and effective way to raise suspicion of ATTR‐CA.
In patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) S-ICD is usually the preferred option as pacing is generally not indicated. However, limited data are available on its current practice adoption and ...long-term follow-up.
Consecutive HCM patients with S-ICD implanted between 2013 and 2021 in 3 international centers were enrolled in this observational study. Baseline, procedural and follow-up data were regularly collected. Efficacy and safety were compared with a cohort of HCM patients implanted with a tv-ICD.
Seventy patients (64% males) were implanted with S-ICD at 41 ± 15 years, whereas 168 patients with tv-ICD at 49 ± 16 years. For S-ICD patients, mean ESC SCD risk score was 4,5 ± 1.9%: 25 (40%) at low-risk, 17 (27%) at intermediate and 20 (33%) at high-risk. Patients were followed-up for 5.1 ± 2.3 years. Two patients (0.6 per 100-person-years, vs 0.4 per 100 person-years with tv-ICD, p = 0.45) received an appropriate shock on VF, 17 (24%) were diagnosed with de-novo AF. Inappropriate shocks occurred in 4 patients (1.2 per 100-person-years, vs 0.9 per 100 person-years with tv-ICD, p = 0.74), all before Smart-Pass algorithm implementation. Four patients experienced device-related adverse events (1.2 per 100-person-years, vs 1 per 100 person-years with tv-ICD, p = 0.35%).
S-ICDs were often implanted in patients with an overall low-intermediate ESC SCD risk, reflecting both the inclusion of additional risk markers and a lower decision threshold. S-ICDs in HCM patients followed for over 5 years showed to be effective in conversion of VF and safe. Greater scrutiny may be required to avoid overtreatment in patients with milder risk profiles.
Abbreviations: S-ICD: Sub-Cutaneous ICD; HCM: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy; AF: Atrial fibrillation. Display omitted
•S-ICDs were often implanted in patients with an overall low-intermediate ESC SCD risk.•Life-threatening arrhythmias intermediate-low risk occurred less often than predicted, supporting latest ESC guidelines.•S-ICD was effective, generally safe and useful in the detection of sub-clinical AF occurring in 9% of the patients.
Pediatric cardiomyopathies harbour significant phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. Genetic testing is essential for the initial evaluation and the ongoing care of child and family, although ...challenges remain regarding its appropriate clinical implementation in minors. We here discuss the key role of genetic diagnosis in the clinical management of two patients.
•Genetics can help to make the diagnosis in hidden Cardiomyopathies and to identify the risk stratification in relatives.•Genetics results can influence the clinical treatment, the life style decisions and the prenatal counselling.•Genetics can be valuable to optimize chemotherapy and cardioprotective therapy in oncological patients at high risk for DCM.
Background: Letrozole after 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen results in a significant reduction in risk of recurrence from estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer. An individualized estimate of ...the risk of relapse and death after 5 years of tamoxifen could improve decisions regarding extended hormonal therapy.
Methods: The British Columbia Breast Cancer Outcomes database was used to identify women aged 45 years or older at the time of diagnosis with early-stage (I–IIIA) breast cancer who received tamoxifen and were disease free 5 years after diagnosis. Ten-year breast cancer event rates and mortality were calculated as well as annualized hazard rates of recurrence.
Results: A total of 1086 women were identified with a median age of 64 years and follow-up of 10.5 years. The relative risk (RR) of death was 3.1 (P = 0.003) and for recurrence was 1.7 (P = 0.037) for N1 (one to three positive nodes) versus N0 (zero nodes positive) disease. N2 (four to nine nodes positive) had a RR of 5.8 (P < 0.001) for death and 3.0 (P = 0.002) for recurrence. Low tumor grade and high ER level subgroups had a more favorable prognosis. Annual breast cancer risk between years 6 and 10 was, respectively, 2.2%, 3.5% and 7.6% for N0, N1 and N2 disease and 2.6% and 4.5% for T1 and T2 breast cancer.
Conclusion: T and N stages predicted late relapse and death from breast cancer in a population-based cohort of postmenopausal women. Risk estimates reported herein may be used to optimize decision making regarding adjuvant therapy after 5 years of tamoxifen.
Due to their rare prevalence and marked heterogeneity, pediatric cardiomyopathies (CMPs) are little known and scarcely reported. We report the etiology, clinical profile and outcome of a consecutive ...cohort of children diagnosed with CMP and followed at Meyer Children's Hospital over a decade.
We retrospectively reviewed patients consecutively referred from May 2008 to May 2019 for pediatric onset CMP (<18 years). Heart disease caused by arrhythmic disorders, toxic agents, rheumatic conditions and maternal disease were excluded.
We enrolled 110 patients (65 males), diagnosed at a median age of 27 4-134 months; 35% had an infant onset (<1 year of age). A positive family history was more often associated with childhood-onset (38.8%). Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM; 48 patients) was the most frequent phenotype, followed by dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM; 35 patients). While metabolic and idiopathic etiologies were preponderant in infants, metabolic and sarcomeric diseases were most frequent in the childhood-onset group. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) occurred in 31.8% of patients, including hospitalization for acute heart failure in 25.5% of patients, most commonly due to DCM. Overall, the most severe outcomes were documented in patients with metabolic diseases.
In a consecutive cohort of pediatric patients with CMP, those with infantile onset and with a metabolic etiology had the worst prognosis. Overall, MACE occurred in 41% of the entire population, most commonly associated with DCM, inborn errors of metabolism and genetic syndromes. Systematic NGS genetic testing was critical for etiological diagnosis and management.
Purpose of Review
Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) who have left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) often experience severe symptoms and functional limitation. Relief of ...LVOTO can be achieved by two invasive interventions, i.e., surgery myectomy and alcohol septal ablation (ASA), leading in experienced hands to a dramatic improvement in clinical status. Despite extensive research, however, the choice of the best option in individual patients remains challenging and poses numerous clinical dilemmas.
Recent Findings
Invasive strategies have been recently incorporated in recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of HCM on both sides of the Atlantic. These guidelines are based on a bulk of well-designed but retrospective studies as well as on expert opinions. Evidence now exists that adequate evaluation and management of HCM requires a multidisciplinary team capable of choosing the best available options.
Summary
Management of LVOTO still varies largely based on local expertise and patient preference. Following the trend that has emerged for other cardiac diseases amenable to invasive interventions, the concept of a “HCM heart team” is coming of age.
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