Foodborne outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis are uncommon. In Denmark human cases are generally infrequently diagnosed. In 2005 an outbreak of diarrhoea affected company employees near Copenhagen. In all ...99 employees were reported ill; 13 were positive for Cryptosporidium hominis infection. Two analytical epidemiological studies were performed; an initial case-control study followed by a cohort study using an electronic questionnaire. Disease was associated with eating from the canteen salad bar on one, possibly two, specific weekdays relative risk 4·1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2·1–8·3. Three separate salad bar ingredients were found to be likely sources: peeled whole carrots served in a bowl of water, grated carrots, and red peppers (in multivariate analysis, whole carrots: OR 2·1, 95% CI 1·1–4·0; grated carrots: OR 2·1, 95% CI 1·2–3·9; peppers: OR 3·3, 95% CI 1·7–6·6). We speculate that a person excreting the parasite may have contaminated the salad buffet.
A
bstract
We report on the response of a high light-output NaI(Tl) crystal to nuclear recoils induced by neutrons from an Am-Be source and compare the results with the response to electron recoils ...produced by Compton-scattered 662 keV γ-rays from a
137
Cs source. The measured pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) power of the NaI(Tl) crystal is found to be significantly improved because of the high light output of the NaI(Tl) detector. We quantify the PSD power with a quality factor and estimate the sensitivity to the interaction rate for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) with nucleons, and the result is compared with the annual modulation amplitude observed by the DAMA/LIBRA experiment. The sensitivity to spin-independent WIMP-nucleon interactions based on 100 kg·year of data from NaI detectors is estimated with simulated experiments, using the standard halo model.
We present a search for low-mass (< or = 20 GeV /c super(2)) weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), strong candidates of dark matter particles, using the low-background CsI(Tl) detector array ...of the Korea Invisible Mass Search experiment. With a total data exposure of 24,524.3 kg days, we search for WIMP interaction signals produced by nuclei recoiling from WIMP-nuclear elastic scattering with visible energies between 2 and 4 keVee (electron-equivalent energy). The observed energy distribution of candidate events is consistent with null signals, and upper limits of the WIMP-proton spin-independent interaction are set with a 90% confidence level. The observed limit covers most of the low-mass region of parameter space favored by the DAMA annual modulation signal assuming the standard halo model.
Past studies have suggested that ozone in the troposphere has increased globally throughout much of the 20th century due to increases in anthropogenic emissions and transport. We show, by combining ...satellite measurements with a chemical transport model, that during the last four decades tropospheric ozone does indeed indicate increases that are global in nature, yet still highly regional. Satellite ozone measurements from Nimbus-7 and Earth Probe Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) are merged with ozone measurements from the Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument/Microwave Limb Sounder (OMI/MLS) to determine trends in tropospheric ozone for 1979–2016. Both TOMS (1979–2005) and OMI/MLS (2005–2016) depict large increases in tropospheric ozone from the Near East to India and East Asia and further eastward over the Pacific Ocean. The 38-year merged satellite record shows total net change over this region of about +6 to +7 Dobson units (DU) (i.e., ∼15 %–20 % of average background ozone), with the largest increase (∼4 DU) occurring during the 2005–2016 Aura period. The Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) chemical transport model with time-varying emissions is used to aid in the interpretation of tropospheric ozone trends for 1980–2016. The GMI simulation for the combined record also depicts the greatest increases of +6 to +7 DU over India and East Asia, very similar to the satellite measurements. In regions of significant increases in tropospheric column ozone (TCO) the trends are a factor of 2–2.5 larger for the Aura record when compared to the earlier TOMS record; for India and East Asia the trends in TCO for both GMI and satellite measurements are ∼+3 DU decade(exp −1) or greater during 2005–2016 compared to about +1.2 to +1.4 DU decade(exp −1) for 1979–2005. The GMI simulation and satellite data also reveal a tropospheric ozone increases in ∼+4 to +5 DU for the 38-year record over central Africa and the tropical Atlantic Ocean. Both the GMI simulation and satellite-measured tropospheric ozone during the latter Aura time period show increases of ∼+3 DU decade−1 over the N Atlantic and NE Pacific.
We examined: (1) the mediating role of parenting daily hassles in the associations between three predictors (child temperament, maternal psychological well-being, and marital quality) and ...psychologically controlling practices in two Asian immigrant samples. We also explored the moderating role of maternal acculturation in the path from parenting daily hassles to psychological control. Participants were 152 Chinese and 165 Korean immigrant mothers with preschool children in the U.S. Multi-group path analysis revealed that easier child temperament, higher psychological well-being, and better marital quality were each associated with fewer parenting daily hassles, which in turn were associated with less psychological control. These general mediating effects held for both groups. However, the indirect effects of child temperament, maternal psychological well-being, and marital quality through parenting daily hassles were further moderated by acculturation for Chinese immigrant mothers, but not Korean immigrant mothers. The culturally similar and different findings across the two groups were discussed.
•We focused on Chinese and Korean immigrant mothers with young children.•We systematically examined multiple determinants of maternal psychological control.•We used multi-group analyses and found both cultural similarities and differences.•Our results support the separate examination of Asian immigrant subgroups.•Our findings suggest culturally informed ways to decrease psychological control.
A seismic retrofit strategy using precast infill panels made of a ductile high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (HPFRC) is investigated for use in critical-use, steel moment-frame buildings. The ...infill panel material is a self-consolidating concrete mixture that uses high-strength steel fibers. In the retrofit, the panels infill existing steel moment-frame bays, adding stiffness, strength, and energy dissipation capacity and use pretensioned, slip-critical bolted connections. Component-level single-panel tests with various reinforcement layouts and geometry are conducted and show promising cyclic behavior in terms of hysteretic stability, ductility, energy dissipation, and damage tolerance. A connection detail using threaded studs is verified for performance and repeated use. Recommendations for future phases of research, including large-scale testing, are given.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the etiological agent of acquired immunedeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The unique nature of the replicative cycle of HIV-1 provides many potential targets ...for chemotherapeutic intervention. One of these, the viral integrase, catalyzes the insertion of the proviral DNA into the genome of the host cell. Integration is a multistep process which includes three different biochemical processes: assembly of proviral DNA on integrase, endonucleolytic processing of the proviral DNA, and strand transfer of the proviral DNA to host cell DNA. Recently, diketo acid derivative 1 was reported to be a selective inhibitor of the strand-transfer process. This compound effectively prevents proviral DNA integration and inhibits HIV-1 replication in cell culture. In this Communication, we describe the chemistry and structure-activity relationships (SAR) of a series of diketo acids derived from 1.
•Metastatic melanoma to the ovary is uncommon and can occur years after initial diagnosis.•Ovarian metastatic melanoma can mimic various benign lesions on imaging and clinical history is key.•If any ...suspicion in pregnancy, placenta should be evaluated due to possibility of transplacental transmission.
Metastatic melanoma to the ovary is an uncommon presentation. We report a case of metastatic melanoma to the ovary that presented as a growing left adnexal mass during pregnancy and was thought to be benign by imaging and frozen section pathology. Here we discuss the challenges in radiologic and pathologic diagnosis, as well as considerations for the mother and newborn.
A monitoring system for fast neutrons is planned in the COSINE experiment, a dark matter experiment with NaI crystals. We pursued several R&D approaches for a neutron detector using a liquid ...scintillator (LS). A pulse shape discrimination (PSD) technique is used for the identification of neutron events and the PSD properties of two different LS were compared. A good separation power between neutrons and γ has been achieved for energies between 200 keVee to 1500 keVee. The combination of alumina adsorption, filtration, and water extraction is effective in purifying the LS, which leads to a reduction in the α contamination by 210Po of more than a factor of two. The measured activities of the internal α are 0.36±0.04 mBq/kg and 0.21±0.03 mBq/kg before and after purification, respectively.
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