Bariatric surgeries have been considered as one of the most important treatment procedures in recent years. Being aware of the side effects of this surgery will lead to better results after the ...surgery.
A 37-year-old Iranian male patient presented one day after sleeve surgery with symptoms of weakness, lethargy, and shortness of breath, which hospitalization and workup to were done to rule out pulmonary embolism. Because of the high creatinine and anuria, we couldn't perform computed tomography angiography. A bedside ultrasound was done for the patient and showed a mild to moderate amount of fluid around the spleen and some blood clots. Due to the progressive clinical findings and suspected internal bleeding, the patient was a candidate for laparoscopic revision procedure. Gradually, after performing the surgery, removing the blood clot and reducing the compressive effect of that on the inferior verna cava which was the main reason of renal failure, the patient was able to urinate afterwards and was discharged in good general condition.
Surgeons should be aware of the management of rare surgical complications after bariatric surgeries. To be best of our knowledge, this was the first case report of a patient with acute renal failure after bariatric surgery and the rare cause of clot compression on inferior vena cava and raised abdominal compartment pressure.
Introduction: The main purpose of this study was to identify and evaluate environmental problems and their ranking and to determine the conceptual model of environmental impact assessment (EIA) in ...industrial parks. Accordingly. Material and Methods: In this study, environmental infrastructure issues were classified into five sections. The decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) technique was also employed to establish the relationships between the criteria. Moreover, the analytic network process (ANP) was utilized to determine their weight. Results: Examining the internal relationships between the variables correspondingly revealed that cultural and economic criteria were the most influential. On the other hand, the biological criterion was very effective. The ANP results also showed that the “low share of environmental investment” as an indicator was an economic criterion with a normal weight of 0.80, which was of utmost importance among the other defined cases. Conclusion: It was concluded that the definition of conceptual models in EIA processes can make it possible to examine and analyze the criteria and indicators affecting evaluation processes.
Methamphetamine (METH) can potentially disrupt neurotransmitters activities in the central nervous system (CNS) and cause neurotoxicity through various pathways. These pathways include increased ...production of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species, hypothermia, and induction of mitochondrial apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the long-term effects of METH addiction on the structural changes in the amygdala of postmortem human brains and the involvement of the brain- cAMP response element-binding protein/brain-derived neurotrophic factor (
) and
signaling pathways. We examined ten male postmortem brains, comparing control subjects with chronic METH users, using immunohistochemistry, real-time polymerase chain reaction (to measure levels of
, and tumor necrosis factor-α
), Tunnel assay, stereology, and assays for reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione disulfide (GSSG), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). The findings revealed that METH significantly reduced the expression of
, and GPX while increasing the levels of GSSG, ROS, RIPK3,
, and
. Furthermore, METH-induced inflammation and neurodegeneration in the amygdala, with ROS production mediated by the
and
signaling pathways.
Globally, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the significant causes of death and are considered a major concern of human society. One of the most crucial objectives of scientists is to reveal ...the mechanisms associated with the pathogenesis of CVD, which has attracted the attention of many scientists. Accumulating evidence showed that the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway is involved in various physiological and pathological processes. According to research on the molecular mechanisms of CVDs, the STAT family of proteins is one of the most crucial players in these diseases. Numerous studies have demonstrated the undeniable relevance of STAT family proteins in various CVDs. The aim of this review is to shed light on how STAT signaling pathways are related to CVD and the potential for using these signaling pathways as therapeutic targets.
Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly addictive psychostimulant known for its profound impact on the nervous system. Chronic METH use leads to neurotoxicity characterized by various molecular and ...structural alterations in the brain. This review article primarily aims to elucidate the mechanisms underlying METH‑induced neurotoxicity. METH's mechanism of action involves the inhibition of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine reuptake, resulting in altered synaptic function. Prolonged METH exposure triggers oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired axonal transport, autophagy, and programmed cell death, ultimately contributing to neurotoxicity. These neurotoxic effects manifest as increased neuronal firing rate, disruptions in intracellular ion balance (Ca2+ and Na+), energy production imbalances, and excessive reactive oxygen species production. The blood‑brain barrier is compromised, leading to structural, functional, and neurochemical alterations, particularly in the fronto‑striatal circuit. While our comprehensive review addresses these intricate molecular and structural changes induced by METH, we also examined the latest therapeutic strategies designed to mitigate neurotoxicity. Our investigation sheds light on the critical need to comprehend the complex pathways underlying METH‑induced neurotoxicity and develop effective treatment approaches.
Bariatric surgeries are introduced as novel procedures in the whole world. Among the most important side effects after these surgeries is malnutrition. One of the reasons for suffocation can be the ...patient's psychological problems (such as depression). Paying attention to these symptoms can be effective in managing post-surgical complications.
A 36-year-old female patient who was operated with SASJ BYPASS surgery method presented three weeks after the surgery with symptoms of weakness, lethargy, nausea, vomiting, and PO (Per OS) intolerance, which did not respond to outpatient treatment. Barium swallow imaging and abdominopelvic CT scan was done for the patient and findings were normal. During conservative treatment and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) the patient underwent psychiatric consultation and took psychiatry medications. Gradually after these consultation sessions the patient had a good PO tolerance, no edema and no weakness and was discharged in a good condition. She was advised to continue psychologic consultation sessions besides other post-surgical follow ups.
After complete assessment of malnutrion etiologies after bariatric surgeries it was advised to ensure that the patients demonstrate an understanding of the bariatric surgical procedure, necessity of changes in eating habits. Any existing psychological issues should be identified and treated the patient should be educated to make a commitment to multidisciplinary care after these surgeries.
With continued communication, support, and multidisciplinary monitoring, nutritional complications can be minimized among patients undergoing bariatric surgeries.
Level of evidence: V.
•Amongst the most important side effects after bariatric surgeries is malnutrition.•One of the reasons for suffocation can be the patient's psychological problems (such as depression).•With continued multidisciplinary monitoring, nutritional complications can be minimized among these patients.
In this study, the role of known Parkinson’s disease (PD) genes was examined in families with autosomal recessive (AR) parkinsonism to assist with the differential diagnosis of PD. Some families ...without mutations in known genes were also subject to whole genome sequencing with the objective to identify novel parkinsonism-related genes. Families were selected from 4000 clinical files of patients with PD or parkinsonism. AR inheritance pattern, consanguinity, and a minimum of two affected individuals per family were used as inclusion criteria. For disease gene/mutation identification, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, quantitative PCR, linkage, and
Sanger
and whole genome sequencing assays were carried out. A total of 116 patients (50 families) were examined. Fifty-four patients (46.55%; 22 families) were found to carry pathogenic mutations in known genes while a novel gene, not previously associated with parkinsonism, was found mutated in a single family (2 patients). Pathogenic mutations, including missense, nonsense, frameshift, and exon rearrangements, were found in
Parkin
,
PINK1
,
DJ-1
,
SYNJ1
, and
VAC14
genes. In conclusion, variable phenotypic expressivity was seen across all families.
Many systemic and ocular diseases cause macular edema (ME). Macular edema is seen in two primary forms; the first is diffuse thickening of the macula, and the other is a macula with a distinct ...petaloid (cloverleaf) appearance called cystoid macular edema. Macular edema has a known role in the reduction of visual equity, and many options have been proposed for the reversal of this condition.
Articles on the effects of macular laser grid photocoagulation on diabetic macular edema (DME) or cystoid macular edema published between 2000 and 2022 were collected from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. The following keywords were used for the search: "macular laser photocoagulation", "macular edema", "cystoid macular edema", "intravitreal pharmacotherapies", and "antivascular endothelial growth factor". Two hundred nineteen articles were found in google scholar and 165 articles in PubMed, and a total of 58 articles were included in the study after applying the exclusion criteria.
We investigated the effects of various lasers photocoagulation such as Focal and/or grid macular laser, subthreshold micropulse laser (SMPL), as well as intravitreal pharmacotherapies with triamcinolone acetonide, and fluocinolone, and extended released intraocular implants such as Ozurdex, Retisert, Iluvien, and anti-vascular endothelial growth factors such as bevacizumab (Avastin), Eyela, and Lucentis. Corticosteroids were more effective than lasers, although some researchers have found that lasers and combined lasers and corticosteroids are more effective. In addition, some studies have shown that the frequency and concentrations of intravitreal pharmacotherapies are effective in increasing visual outcomes.
The results of the studies showed that the combined intravitreal corticosteroids are much more effective in improving visual acuity (VA) than a single corticosteroid, and the low concentration of the drug is safer. Still, corticosteroids have side effects such as increased intraocular pressure and glaucoma. Therefore, combining the medication with a laser is much more reasonable than each alone. Also, the subthreshold photocoagulation laser (670 nm) is better at reducing the central macular thickness (CMT) and improving VA than the micro pulse yellow laser and pan-retinal photocoagulation (PRP).
Background: Aging is one of the factors that will cause gradual changes in brain tissue and its destruction. One of the protective factors against aging is insulin. Objectives: Our study investigated ...insulin's neuroprotective effect by preventing oxidative stress-mediated neuronal damage. Methods: A total of 48 adult male NMRI (the Naval Medical Research Institute) mice were divided into 2 groups: Control and insulin. Insulin was administered intraperitoneally (IP) for 8 weeks to the control group and for 12 weeks to the insulin group. In this study, animals were treated with insulin, and insulin's role in the aging process was evaluated. Then, brain tissue was extracted for evaluation of oxidative stress by assessment of glutathione disulfide (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, the expression of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) as a biomarker for astrogliosis, stereological study, and the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique evaluated the level of apoptosis biomarker. Results: The results of stereological parameters show that the volumes of the brain cortex and the number of neurons improved in the insulin group by aging as compared to the control group. The results of real-time PCR showed that the expression level of apoptotic markers decreased in the insulin group compared to the control group. In the insulin group, GSH levels were higher than in the control group, and the control group produced more ROS than the insulin group. As compared with insulin, the control group expressed more GFAP protein and increased the number of glial cells by aging. Conclusions: The results showed that insulin could have neuroprotective effects against aging changes and reduce apoptosis and cell death.
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