Abstract
We report strong ferromagnetism of quasiparticle doped holes both within the
ab-
plane and along the c-
axis
of Cu-O planes in low-dimensional Au/
d-
La
1.8
Ba
0.2
CuO
4
/LaAlO
3
(001) ...heterostructures (
d
= 4, 8 and 12 unit-cells) using resonant soft X-ray and magnetic scattering together with X-ray magnetic circular dichroism. Interestingly, ferromagnetism is stronger at a hole doped peak and at an upper Hubbard band of O with spin-polarization degree as high as 40%, revealing strong ferromagnetism of Mottness. For in-
ab
-plane spin-polarizations, the spin of doped holes in O2
p
–Cu3
d
–O2
p
is a triplet state yielding strong ferromagnetism. For out-of-
ab
-plane spin-polarization, while the spins of doped holes in both O2
p
–O2
p
and Cu3
d
–Cu3
d
are triplet states, the spin of doped holes in Cu3
d
–O2
p
is a singlet state yielding ferrimagnetism. A ferromagnetic-(002) Bragg-peak of the doped holes is observed and enhanced as a function of
d
revealing strong ferromagnetism coupling between Cu-O layers along the
c
-axis.
Mitochondria have long been known to be the gatekeepers of cell fate. This is particularly so in the response to acute ischaemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI). Following an acute episode of sustained ...myocardial ischaemia, the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) in the first few minutes of reperfusion, mediates cell death. Preventing MPTP opening at the onset of reperfusion using either pharmacological inhibitors such as cyclosporin A (CsA) or genetic ablation has been reported to reduce myocardial infarct (MI) size in animal models of acute IRI. Interestingly, the endogenous cardioprotective intervention of ischaemic conditioning, in which the heart is protected against MI by applying cycles of brief ischaemia and reperfusion to either the heart itself or a remote organ or tissue, appears to be mediated through the inhibition of MPTP opening at reperfusion. Small proof‐of‐concept clinical studies have demonstrated the translatability of this therapeutic approach to target MPTP opening using CsA in clinical settings of acute myocardial IRI. However, given that CsA is a not a specific MPTP inhibitor, more novel and specific inhibitors of the MPTP need to be discovered – the molecular identification of the MPTP should facilitate this. In this paper, we review the role of the MPTP as a target for cardioprotection, the potential mechanisms underlying MPTP inhibition in the setting of ischaemic conditioning, and the translatability of MPTP inhibition as a therapeutic approach in the clinical setting.
Linked Articles
This article is part of a themed section on Conditioning the Heart – Pathways to Translation. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2015.172.issue‐8
Structurally ordered organic semiconductor nanoparticles, which form a stable nanoparticle dispersion in an appropriate liquid, are generated from regioregular poly(3,3‴‐didodecylquarterthiophene) ...(PQT‐12). This dispersion enables facile solution fabrication of high‐performance semiconductor layers composed of extensive crystalline domains of lamellar π–π stacks (see Figure), yielding organic thin‐film transistors with excellent field‐effect‐transistor properties.
The ubiquitous occurrence of heavy metals in the aquatic environment remains a serious environmental and health issue. The recovery of metals from wastes and their use for the abatement of toxic ...heavy metals from contaminated waters appear to be practical approaches. In this study, manganese was recovered from groundwater treatment sludge via reductive acid leaching and converted into spherical aggregates of high-purity MnO
. The as-synthesized MnO
was used to adsorb Cu(II) and Pb(II) from single-component metal solutions. High metal uptake of 119.90 mg g
for Cu(II) and 177.89 mg g
for Pb(II) was attained at initial metal ion concentration, solution pH, and temperature of 200 mg L
, 5.0, and 25 °C, respectively. The Langmuir isotherm model best described the equilibrium metal adsorption, indicating that a single layer of Cu(II) or Pb(II) was formed on the surface of the MnO
adsorbent. The pseudo-second-order model adequately fit the Cu(II) and Pb(II) kinetic data confirming that chemisorption was the rate-limiting step. Thermodynamic studies revealed that Cu(II) or Pb(II) adsorption onto MnO
was spontaneous, endothermic, and had increased randomness. Overall, the use of MnO
prepared from groundwater treatment sludge is an effective, economical, and environmentally sustainable substitute to expensive reagents for toxic metal ion removal from water matrices.
Introduction
In June 2020 when elective total knee arthroplasty (TKA) resumed after the initial COVID-19 surge, we adapted our TKA pathway focusing on a shorter hospitalization, increased home ...discharge, and use of post-discharge telemedicine and telerehabilitation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if changes in postoperative care affected early TKA outcomes.
Materials and methods
Five hundred and fifty-four patients who underwent elective primary unilateral TKA for primary osteoarthritis between June and August 2020 (study group) were matched 1:1 for age, sex, body mass index, and Charlson comorbidity index with control patients who underwent surgery between August and November 2019. Study patients were discharged 25 h earlier on average compared to controls, more frequently on the same-day or postoperative day-1 (24.9% vs. 16.1%;
p
= 0.001), and more frequently home (97.3% vs. 83.8%;
p
< 0.001). Study patients used telemedicine (11.7% vs. 0%;
p
< 0.001) and telerehabilitation (19.7% vs. 2.5%;
p
< 0.001) at higher rates than controls. Generalized estimating equations, Mann–Whitney
U
, and Chi-Square tests were used to compare outcomes between groups including unscheduled office visits, ER visits, readmissions, Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) complications, manipulation under anesthesia (MUA), and patient-reported outcomes measures (PROMs).
Results
Rates of emergency room visits, readmissions, CMS complications, MUA, and improvements in PROMs were similar between cohorts. Study patients experienced higher rates of unscheduled outpatient visits (9.2% vs. 4.9%;
p
= 0.004), predominantly due to wound complications.
Conclusions
A protocol implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic that leveraged a shortened hospitalization, higher rates of home discharge, and increased use of telemedicine and telerehabilitation was safe and effective.
Background: During the 2003 severe acute respiratory distress syndrome epidemic, healthcare workers mandatorily wore the protective N95 face‐mask.
Methods: We administered a survey to healthcare ...workers to determine risk factors associated with development of headaches (frequency, headache subtypes and duration of face‐mask wear) and the impact of headaches (sick days, headache frequency and use of abortive/preventive headache medications).
Results: In the survey, 212 (47 male, 165 female) healthcare workers of mean age 31 years (range, 21–58) participated. Of the 79 (37.3%) respondents who reported face‐mask‐associated headaches, 26 (32.9%) reported headache frequency exceeding six times per month. Six (7.6%) had taken sick leave from March 2003 to June 2004 (mean 2 days; range 1–4 days) and 47 (59.5%) required use of abortive analgesics because of headache. Four (2.1%) took preventive medications for headaches during this period. Multivariate logistic regression showed that pre‐existing headaches P = 0.041, OR = 1.97 (95% CI 1.03–3.77) and continuous use of the N95 face‐mask exceeding 4 h P = 0.053, OR = 1.85 (95% CI 0.99–3.43) were associated with development of headaches.
Conclusions: Healthcare providers may develop headaches following the use of the N95 face‐mask. Shorter duration of face‐mask wear may reduce the frequency and severity of these headaches.
Mitochondria are dynamic and are able to interchange their morphology between elongated interconnected mitochondrial networks and a fragmented disconnected arrangement by the processes of ...mitochondrial fusion and fission, respectively. Changes in mitochondrial morphology are regulated by the mitochondrial fusion proteins (mitofusins 1 and 2, and optic atrophy 1) and the mitochondrial fission proteins (dynamin-related peptide 1 and mitochondrial fission protein 1) and have been implicated in a variety of biological processes including embryonic development, metabolism, apoptosis, and autophagy, although the majority of studies have been largely confined to non-cardiac cells. Despite the unique arrangement of mitochondria in the adult heart, emerging data suggest that changes in mitochondrial morphology may be relevant to various aspects of cardiovascular biology—these include cardiac development, the response to ischaemia–reperfusion injury, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, and apoptosis. Interestingly, the machinery required for altering mitochondrial shape in terms of the mitochondrial fusion and fission proteins are all present in the adult heart, but their physiological function remains unclear. In this article, we review the current developments in this exciting new field of mitochondrial biology, the implications for cardiovascular physiology, and the potential for discovering novel therapeutic strategies for treating cardiovascular disease.
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