It is important for traffic management to understand unusual conditions or road abnormalities caused by natural disasters (such as an earthquake or heavy rain) or traffic congestion caused by special ...events (such as festivals at tourist spots). Among these, we focused on flooded roads as unusual events and proposed a method to detect it automatically, using deep-learning methods from driving videos. Because such unusual events rarely occur, the amount of training data for deep learning is usually insufficient. Therefore, we propose a data-augmentation approach using Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to solve the problem. To effectively augment the data, we propose a multi-domain image-to-image transformation by GANs. In addition, to increase the robustness of the image transformation, we newly introduce semantic information. We synthesized a new dataset using GANs and verified the performance of our method by detecting flooded scenes.
Visual SLAM systems targeting static scenes have been developed with satisfactory accuracy and robustness. Dynamic 3D object tracking has then become a significant capability in visual SLAM with the ...requirement of under-standing dynamic surroundings in various scenarios including autonomous driving, augmented and virtual reality. However, performing dynamic SLAM solely with monocular images remains a challenging problem due to the difficulty of asso-ciating dynamic features and estimating their positions. In this paper, we present MOTSLAM, a dynamic visual SLAM system with the monocular configuration that tracks both poses and bounding boxes of dynamic objects. MOTSLAM first performs multiple object tracking (MOT) with associated both 2D and 3D bounding box detection to create initial 3D objects. Then, neural-network-based monocular depth estimation is applied to fetch the depth of dynamic features. Finally, camera poses, object poses, and both static, as well as dynamic map points, are jointly optimized using a novel bundle adjustment. Our experiments on the KITTI dataset demonstrate that our system has reached best performance on both camera ego-motion and object tracking on monocular dynamic SLAM.
Mobility Innovation “Another CASE” OGURI, Koji; KAWANAKA, Haruki; ONO, Shintaro
IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences,
02/2021, Letnik:
E104.A, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The environment surrounding automotive technology is undergoing a major transformation. In particular, as technological innovation advances in new areas called “CASE” such as Connected, ...Autonomous/Automated, Shared, and Electric, various research activities are underway. However, this is an approach from the standpoint of the automobile centered, and when considering the development of a new automobile society, it is necessary to consider from the standpoint of “human centered,” who are users, too. Therefore, this paper proposes the possibility of technological innovation in the area of “Another CASE” such as Comfortable, Accessible, Safety, and Enjoy/Exciting, and introduces the contents of some interesting researches.
Fisheye cameras or wide-angle cameras used on automobiles will have various future applications as “distributed sensors in daily transport” -- objects on roadside are frequently observed multiple ...times by multiple vehicles. Although the object regions are often captured with relatively low image quality (low resolution and large blur) resulting from the character of the lens, it is possible to enhance their quality by post-processing using super resolution (SR) technology. Here, it is required to decide which images to use as inputs for SR: a greater number of lower-quality images or fewer higher-quality images. We evaluated and discussed the input image quality necessary to obtain most effective SR results, especially focusing on degree of image blur. As a conclusion, we found a criterion that was related to the blur level of the initial input image of SR. Then, we considered its potential use as a requisite in observing road environments.
Background
X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) deficiency is a rare immunodeficiency that is characterized by recurrent hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and splenomegaly and ...sometimes associated with refractory inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only curative therapy, the outcomes of HSCT for XIAP deficiency remain unsatisfactory compared with those for SLAM-associated protein deficiency and familial HLH.
Aim
To investigate the outcomes and adverse events of HSCT for patients with XIAP deficiency, a national survey was conducted.
Methods
A spreadsheet questionnaire was sent to physicians who had provided HSCT treatment for patients with XIAP deficiency in Japan.
Results
Up to the end of September 2016, 10 patients with XIAP deficiency had undergone HSCT in Japan, 9 of whom (90%) had survived. All surviving patients had received a fludarabine-based reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) regimen. Although 5 patients developed post-HSCT HLH, 4 of them survived after etoposide administration. In addition, the IBD associated with XIAP deficiency improved remarkably after HSCT in all affected cases.
Conclusion
The RIC regimen and HLH control might be important factors for successful HSCT outcomes, with improved IBD, in patients with XIAP deficiency.
During the nationwide state of emergency, many hospitals could not provide outpatient cardiac rehabilitation for cardiac disease patients in order to minimize coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ...incidence. The purpose of this study was to examine the trajectories of frailty, physical function and physical activity levels due to interruption and resumption of outpatient cardiac rehabilitation by COVID-19 in elderly heart failure patients. Fifteen patients who did not attend outpatient cardiac rehabilitation during the state of emergency but resumed it after the state of emergency were included. Frailty, physical function and physical activity levels were assessed with the Kihon checklist (KCL), various tests including short physical performance battery (SPPB), and life space assessment (LSA), respectively. Objective parameters were measured at three points; before and after the nationwide state of emergency in Japan and 3 months after resuming outpatient cardiac rehabilitation. The post-state of emergency KCL score was significantly higher than the pre-state of emergency score (
P
= 0.03), whereas there was no significant difference in KCL between post-state of emergency and 3 months after cardiac rehabilitation resumption. SPPB and LSA scores did not change significantly between pre- and post-state of emergency. The changes in LSA from post-state of emergency to 3 months after cardiac rehabilitation resumption tended to correlate with changes in KCL (
r
= −0.71,
P
= 0.11). We demonstrated that frailty status deteriorated significantly in elderly heart failure patients whose outpatient cardiac rehabilitation was interrupted due to COVID-19. In addition, the frailty status showed no significant improvement after 3 months of resuming cardiac rehabilitation.
Purpose
Owing to recent technological advancements, using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and the accumulation of clinical experiences worldwide, more than 420 genes associated with inborn errors of ...immunity (IEI) have been identified, which exhibit large genotypic and phenotypic variations. Consequently, NGS-based comprehensive genetic analysis, including whole-exome sequencing (WES), have become more valuable in the clinical setting and have contributed to earlier diagnosis, improved treatment, and prognosis. However, these approaches have the following disadvantages that need to be considered: a relatively low diagnostic rate, high cost, difficulties in the interpretation of each variant, and the risk of incidental findings. Thus, the objective of this study is to review our WES results of a large number of patients with IEI and to elucidate patient characteristics, which are related to the positive WES result.
Methods
We performed WES for 136 IEI patients with negative conventional screening results for candidate genes and classified these variants depending on validity of their pathogenicity.
Results
We identified disease-causing pathogenic mutations in 36 (26.5%) of the patients which were found in known IEI-causing genes. Although the overall diagnostic rate was not high and was not apparently correlated with the clinical subcategories and severity, we revealed that earlier onset with longer duration of diseases were associated with positive WES results, especially in pediatric cases.
Conclusions
Most of the disease-causing germline mutations were located in the known IEI genes which could be predicted using patients’ clinical characteristics. These results may be useful when considering appropriate genetic approaches in the clinical setting.
Purpose
The purpose of our study was to compare the safety and efficacy of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) using fludarabine (Flu)-based reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) with busulfan ...(BU) or melphalan (Mel) for primary immunodeficiency diseases (PID).
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed transplant outcome, including engraftment, chimerism, immune reconstitution, and complications in 15 patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and 27 patients with non-SCID PID. The patients underwent Flu-based RIC-HCT with BU (FluBU: 7 SCID, 16 non-SCID) or Mel (FluMel: 8 SCID, 11 non-SCID). The targeted low-dose BU with therapeutic drug monitoring was set to 30 mg hour/L for SCID.
Results
The 2-year overall survival of all patients was 79.6% and that of patients with SCID in the FluBU and FluMel groups was 100% and 62.5%, respectively. In the FluBU group, all seven patients achieved engraftment, good immune reconstitution, and long-term survival. All five patients receiving umbilical cord blood transplantation achieved complete or high-level mixed chimerism and sufficient specific IgG production. In the FluMel group, six of eight patients achieved complete or high-level mixed chimerism. Viral reactivation or new viral infection occurred in one FluBU group patient and four FluMel group patients. In the non-SCID group, 10 of 11 patients (91%) who received FluMel achieved complete or high-level mixed chimerism but had variable outcomes. Patients with WAS (2/2 patients), NEMO deficiency (2/2 patients), and X-linked hyper IgM syndrome (2/3 patients) who received FluBU achieved complete or high-level mixed chimerism and long-term survival.
Conclusions
RIC-HCT with FluBU is a safe and effective strategy for obtaining high-level donor chimerism, immune reconstitution including B cell function, and long-term survival in patients with SCID. In patients with non-SCID PID, the results varied according to the subtype of the disease. Further prospective studies are required to optimize the conditioning regimen for non-SCID PID.
Amount and variety of training data drastically affect the performance of CNNs. Thus, annotation methods are becoming more and more critical to collect data efficiently. In this paper, we propose a ...simple yet efficient Interactive Self-Annotation framework to cut down both time and human labor cost for video object bounding box annotation. Our method is based on recurrent self-supervised learning and consists of two processes: automatic process and interactive process, where the automatic process aims to build a supported detector to speed up the interactive process. In the Automatic Recurrent Annotation, we let an off-the-shelf detector watch unlabeled videos repeatedly to reinforce itself automatically. At each iteration, we utilize the trained model from the previous iteration to generate better pseudo ground-truth bounding boxes than those at the previous iteration, recurrently improving self-supervised training the detector. In the Interactive Recurrent Annotation, we tackle the human-in-the-loop annotation scenario where the detector receives feedback from the human annotator. To this end, we propose a novel Hierarchical Correction module, where the annotated frame-distance binarizedly decreases at each time step, to utilize the strength of CNN for neighbor frames. Experimental results on various video datasets demonstrate the advantages of the proposed framework in generating high-quality annotations while reducing annotation time and human labor costs.
The reaction of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes of silver with BH3 or BEt3 afforded the corresponding NHC boranes. A silver NHC complex was found to be an effective precursor for the ...preparation of NHC boranes.
Display omitted
The reaction of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes of silver with BH3 or BEt3 was investigated. On treatment of IiPr·AgCl (1-AgCl) (IiPr=1,3-diisopropylimidazol-2-ylidene) with two equivalents of NaBH4-free BH3·THF (purified BH3·THF) in THF at room temperature for 2h, IiPr·BH3 complex (1-BH3) was obtained in excellent yield (96%). In the reaction of various silver NHC complexes with purified BH3·THF, the corresponding NHC·BH3 complexes were obtained in moderate to good yields. The reaction of 1-AgCl with two equivalents of BEt3, instead of BH3, afforded IiPr·BEt3 complex (1-BEt3) in 86% yield. This procedure enabled the preparation of BEt3-adducts of imidazol- and benzimidazol-2-ylidenes.
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