The aim of this study was to assess the analytical performances of the newly developed Access2 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) total immunoassay on two analysers, DxI800 and Access2 (Beckman Coulter, ...Brea, CA, USA), and compare these two and a recalibrated Modular E 170 25(OH)D assay (Roche Diagnostics, Penzberg, Germany) with reference liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with special emphasis on clinical diagnosis.
Beckman immunoassays were assessed for imprecision, accuracy, limit of blank (LoB), limit of detection (LoD), limit of quantitation (LoQ), linearity, interference, and carryover. One hundred and nineteen samples were run on DxI 800, Access2, and E 170, and agreement with the LC-MS/MS method was evaluated.
DxI 800 and Access2 assays showed good performances in terms of LoB, LoD, LoQ, linearity, and interference. All immunoassays showed negative biases ranging from - 8.6% (DxI 800) to - 19.2% (Access2). DxI 800 and Access2 systems had proportional biases, and the E170 system had a constant bias with the largest random error. Concordance correlation coefficient values ranged from 0.941 (CI: 0.917-0.958) for DxI800 to 0.854 (CI: 0.811-0.889) for Access2. Kappa (κ) coefficients were found moderate for Dxl (0.709; CI: 0.581-0.837) and E170 (0.771; CI: 0.587-0.844) and fair for Access2 (0.572; CI: 0.428-0.716).
All immunoassays can be used in routine 25(OH)D measurements, still fairly diagnosing patients' status. Recent standardization attempts seem not to contribute too much to clinical diagnosis. A clinical laboratory must at least be aware of its method to avoid misinterpretation of results.
The relationship between adipocytokines and the development of colorectal cancer is well-documented. Our aim was to assess the relationship among serum adiponectin and resistin levels, insulin ...resistance, and colorectal adenoma to evaluate whether these parameters can be used as biomarkers to predict the development of colorectal adenoma.
This is a cross-sectional case-control study conducted in 32 patients with colorectal adenoma and 30 control subjects. Serum adiponectin and resistin levels, body mass index values, waist and hip circumferences and Homeostasis Model Assessment scores were measured.
Resistin levels were slightly higher and adiponectin was slightly lower in patients with colorectal adenoma compared with controls; however, the differences in both parameters failed to reach statistical significance. The body mass index values and waist circumference of the patient group were significantly higher than controls (p=0.003 and p=0.002, respectively). Fasting serum insulin levels and Homeostasis Model Assessment scores of patients with colorectal adenoma were significantly higher than those of controls (p=0.02 and p=0.02, respectively). There was no relation between the number of colorectal adenomas and serum adiponectin or resistin levels.
Our data indicate that obesity and insulin resistance may contribute to the development of colorectal adenoma and that serum adiponectin levels and insulin resistance may not have a substantial predictive value for colorectal adenoma.
Abstract
Objective
Decreased unconjugated estriol (uE3) concentrations increase calculated risk of Down syndrome. Therefore, falsely low uE3, due to assay interference, have the potential to cause ...false-positive screening results. Here we present a 35 years old woman with a pregnancy of 17+2 weeks.
Materials and methods
Second-trimester screening test was performed on the UniCelDxI 800 (Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA, USA) analyzer and her uE3 level was 0.21 ng/mL (0.21 MoM). Risk calculated for DS was 1/8. Measurements were repeated on IMMULITE 2000 XPi (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Inc., USA). uE3 result was 0.614 ng/mL (0.97 MoM). The risk for DS was negative with this system. There was no sign of fetal anomaly on three-dimensional ultrasound examination and cell-free fetal DNA screening test. We suspected assay interference for uE3.
Results
Serial dilutions of serum samples revealed nonlinearity. 36.3% increase was observed with heterophile antibody blocking tubes. The post-polyethylene glycol treatment resulted approximately the same uE3 levels as IMMULITE system. Addition of alkaline phosphatase Scavenger to serum increased the result by 90% showing that falsely low E3 result was due to an interferent reacting on assay medium.
Conclusion
Laboratories should be aware that falsely low uE3 results due to interference may be obtained.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of the herbal agent in the prevention and treatment of bacterial cystitis in a rat model.
A total of twenty-eight male Sprague- Dawley rats were ...divided into four groups. Group-1 constituted the control group (operated and normal saline injected into the bladder, received only drinking water for 7 days); Group-2 constituted the no-treatment group (operated, E.coli J96 strain injected into the bladder, received only drinking water for 7 days); Group-3 constituted the short-term treatment (operated, E.coli J96 strain injected into the bladder, received the herbal agent added into drinking water for 7 days) and Group-4 constituted the long-term treatment (operated, E. coli J96 strain injected into the bladder, received herbal agent added into drinking water for 14 days). At the end of the pre-defined treatment periods of duration, the rats were sacrificed, urine samples collected from the bladder for culture and bladders were harvested for histopathological evaluation. Urine culture results and histopathological findings were comparatively evaluated between the groups.
Urine cultures were positive for implanted E. coli strains in 0%, 85.7%, 42.8% and 0% of rats in Group 1, Group 2, Group 3 and Group 4, respectively (p = 0.001). Although histopathological evaluation revealed increased vascular dilation in the bladder specimens obtained from Group 2 and Group 3 (p = 0.028) no significant difference was noticed in level of inflammation (p = 0.610), edema (p = 0.754) and thickness of uroepithelium (p = 0.138).
While long term (14 days) treatment with an herbal agent added into the drinking water resulted in complete clearance of urine from E. coli; shorter application of the agent revealed partial clearance. Further clinical studies are needed to support our results.
Abstract Background Diagnosing sepsis is difficult in burn patients because of the inflammatory mediators that alter postburn metabolic profile. Here, we compare a new marker presepsin with ...procalcitonin (PCT), c-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell (WBC) in diagnosis and follow up of sepsis in burn patients. Methods Patients admitted to burn center of our institute were prospectively investigated. Presepsin, PCT, CRP and WBC levels were measured at admission and every 6 h for first day and daily thereafter. At all timing samples, patients were classified as sepsis or non-sepsis according to the current American Burn Association Consensus Criteria (ABA) 2007. Result 37 adult patients were evaluated. A total data of 611 time points were supplied. Sepsis time points differ significantly from non-sepsis in presepsin ( p < 0.0001), PCT ( p = 0.0012) and CRP ( p < 0.0001) levels. Non-surviving patient results differ significantly from survivors in presepsin ( p < 0.0001), PCT ( p = 0.0210) and CRP ( p = 0.0008). AUC-ROC % values for diagnosing sepsis were 83.4% for presepsin, 84.7% for PCT, 81.9% for CRP and 50.8% for WBC. Sepsis patients had significantly different presepsin, CRP and WBC but not PCT levels on their first day of sepsis compared to previous days. Conclusion Plasma presepsin levels have comparable performance in burn sepsis.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the stability of urine collected in preservative tubes for chemistry strip analyses and particle counting to determine whether the transport of urine samples ...with all of their constituents is possible.
275 pathologic urine specimens were included. Each urine sample was evaluated after 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hours of storage in BD Vacutainer(®) Plus Urinalysis Preservative (BD UAP) tubes and compared with refrigeration at 4 °C. All analyses were peformed on H-800 and FUS-200 automatic modular urine analyzers (Dirui Industry, Changchun, China). The kappa coefficients (κ), false positive (FP) and false negative (FN) rates were evaluated. κ > 0.8 was accepted as good agreement.
Haemoglobin (Hb), leucocyte esterase (LE), and protein (Pro) analyses should be performed within 4 hours, whereas glucose (Glc) was stable until the end of 48 hours in both storage conditions. Nitrite (Nit) was well preserved in BD UAP tubes for 24 hours but was stable only up to 8 hours at 4 °C. Bilirubin (Bil) had very high FN rates even at 4 hours in both conditions. The particle counting showed high FN rates for white blood cells (WBC) and red blood cells (RBC), whereas squamous epithelial cells (EC) were stable up to 8 hours in both conditions.
Preanalytical requirements for both urine chemical strip analyses and particle counting in a unique sample were not met in either condition. Thus, the transfer of urine samples for centralization of urinalysis is not yet feasible.
Background: The subjects with impaired glucose tolerance have an increased risk for future type 2 diabetes (T2DM); however, a significant number of individuals who develop T2DM have normal glucose ...tolerance (NGT) at baseline. The study aims to compare glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) levels to 30, 60 and 90-min glucose levels in subjects with NGT.
Methods: A 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120-min was performed in 1118 subjects without known T2DM. Blood samples were also drawn for fasting insulin and HbA1C levels.
Results: Forty percent of the subjects with NGT had increased post-challenge values above the determined optimal glucose levels (10.2, 10.3 and 8.9 mmol/L at 30, 60 and 90-min, respectively). Compared to the subjects with NGT whose glucose levels were below the determined optimal values at 30, 60 and 90-min, we found significantly elevated HbA1C and HOMA-IR levels in the subjects with NGT whose glucose levels were above the determined optimal values (p<0.001).
Conclusions: We conclude that the subjects with NGT have different HbA1C and HOMA-IR levels considering glucose levels measured earlier than at 2-h during OGTT. Further well-designed prospective studies are needed to define the significance of 30-min, 60-min and 90-min glucose levels in the prediction of disease in subjects with T2DM.
Uvod: Osobe sa poremećajem tolerancije glukoze izložene su povećanom riziku za dobijanje dijabetesa tipa 2 (T2DM), međutim, značajan broj pojedinaca koji dobiju T2DM ima u početku normalnu toleranciju glukoze (NGT). Cilj ove studije bio je da se uporede nivoi glikoliziranog hemoglobina (HbA1C) i modela homeostaze (HOMA-IR) sa nivoima glu- koze posle 30, 60 i 90 minuta kod osoba sa NGT.
Metode: Test oralne tolerancije glukcee (OGTT) sa 75 g glukoze urađen je u 0, 30, 60, 90. i 120. minutu kod 1118 subjekata bez T2DM. Uzorci krvi su takođe uzeti radi mere- nja nivoa insulina i HbA1C.
Rezultati: Četrdeset odsto subjekata sa NGT imalo je povišene nivoe posle testa u odnosu na utvrđene optimalne nivoe glukoze (10,2, 10,3 i 8,9 mmol/L posle 30, 60 i 90 minuta). U poređenju sa subjektima sa NGT kod kojih su posle 30, 60 i 90 minuta nivoi glukoze bili ispod utvrđenih optimalnih vrednosti, otkrili smo značajno povišene nivoe HhA1C i HOMA-IR kod subjekata sa NGT čiji su nivoi glukoze bili iznad utvrđenih optimalnih vrednosti (p< 0,001).
Zaključak: Zaključujemo da subjekti sa NGT imaju različite nivoe HbA1C i HOMA-IR s obzirom na nivoe glukoze izmerene pre drugog sata tokom testa oralne tolerancije glukoze. Potrebne su nove, pažljivo osmišljene, prospektivne studije kako bi se definisao značaj nivoa glukoze posle 30, 60 i 90 minuta u predikciji bolesti kod osoba sa T2DM.
The relationship between galectin-3 and diabetes mellitus or renal function has recently been investigated. In this study, we tried to evaluate the association of galectin-3 in urinary albumin ...excretion levels in type 2 diabetic patients.
In a group of 137 type 2 diabetes patients, the mean of the last three urinary microalbumin/creatinine ratios and galectin-3 levels were evaluated. The patient group was divided into three subgroups according to their level of albuminuria calculated with urine microalbumin/creatinine ratio.
There was no significant difference between the galectin values of the three subgroups. Significant differences were observed between GFR results of group 1 vs. 3 (p < 0.0001) and group 2 vs. 3 (p = 0.0006), and serum creatinine results of group 1 vs. 3 (p = 0.0003) and group 2 vs. 3 (p < 0.0001). The three subgroups did not reveal any significant difference concerning the age, BMI, duration of DM, FPG, and HbA1c levels.
We concluded that serum galectin-3 values are not affected by the levels of urinary albumin excretion in DM patients. We could not find any relation between galectin-3 and the parameters of DM such as FPG, HbA1c, and duration of the disease. (Endokrynol Pol 2016; 67 (6): 580-584).
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of ejaculation on serum total, free and complex prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and their effect on biopsy decisions.
Our study includes 47 men ...older than 45 years with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Patients' PSA levels were under 2.5 ng/mL, and there were no known conditions to preclude ejaculation. Eight patients with similar demographic, and clinical characteristics were chosen as a control group. With three days of sexual abstinence, blood samples were drawn for the measurement of baseline PSA levels, and then the patients were told to ejaculate. One, 5, 24 and 72 hours after ejaculation, serum total, free and complexed PSA levels were measured. Serum PSA sampling was performed at the same intervals in the control group without ejaculation.
The mean age of the patients was 59.13±1.38 years in the study group, and 63.75±3.13 years in the control group. The mean international prostate symptom scores (IPSS) were 11.78±1.12 and 11.63±3.32 in the study, and the control groups, respectively. The mean baseline total, free, and complexed PSA values were 1.07±0.09, 0.31±0.03, and 0.71±0.08 ng/mL, respectively. In the study group, total PSA value was found to be 1.29±0.12 ng/mL (p=0.008) at first hour after ejaculation, and this change was statistically significant when compared with baseline values. Mean total PSA level rose up to 1.28±0.13 ng/mL (p=0.05) by the 5(th) hour after ejaculation, but this change was not statistically significant relative to the baseline values. Mean free PSA level rose after the first hour postejaculation to 0.37±0.04 ng/mL (p=0.01) and after the fifth hour postejaculation to 0.37±0.04 ng/mL (p=0.002), and these changes were statistically significant relative to the baseline values. There were no statistically significant changes at the other sampled times as for the total, free or complexed PSA serum levels. When all three values were considered individually, in only 2.12% of the patients, biopsy decisions could be affected by the elevation in PSA levels.
When the PSA value is borderline with respect to biopsy decisions, the effect of ejaculation on serum PSA levels may be clinically important. In these patients, ejaculation must be questioned, and repeated. PSA levels should be evaluated 24 hours after ejaculation. There were no statistically significant changes in the levels of complex PSA values. Further studies are needed to clarify the relationship between complexed PSA and ejaculation.
AIM： To study the levels of adiponectin in nondiabetic patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） in comparison with control group. METHODS： Thirty-five patients who had elevated serum ...aminotransferase levels with bright liver and 34 healthy volunteers without liver disease were evaluated. Age, gender and body mass index （BMI） were recorded. Fasting plasma glucose, insulin, adiponectin, proinsulin and lipid profile were measured. A standard oral glucose tolerance test （OGTT） with insulin response was performed and the index of insulin resistance was calculated according to the homeostasis model assessment （HOMA） method. RESULTS： According to the OGTT results, none of the participants had diabetes. Serum adiponectin levels were statistically significantly lower in patients with NAFLD than in control group （8.14±3.4 μg/mL vs 12.4±9.4 μg/mL, respectively, P〈0.01）. A statistically significant correlation was found between adiponectin and BMI （r： -0.33, P〈0.01）, HOMA （r： -0.26, P〈0.05）, proinsulin （r： -0.32, P〈0.01）, AST （r： -0.25, P〈0.05）, ALT （r： -0.26, P〈0.05） or GGT （r： -0.22, P〈0.05）. In multiple regression analysis models, adiponectin levels were the only predictor of NAFLD in males, whereas in female group it was the BMI. CONCLUSION： Low adiponectin level might be a predictor of NAFLD especially in male nondiabetics.
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