A multiplex label-free biosensor is developed for diagnostics of autoimmune diseases by highly sensitive measuring in human serum both critical characteristics of autoantibody: concentration and ...native kinetic parameters that reflect autoantibody aggressiveness to the organism's tissues. The biosensor is based on the spectral-correlation interferometry and image processing of a microarray glass biochip, affordable to be single-used in medical applications. Simultaneous 25-min detection and activity characterization of several autoantibodies in the same serum sample have been demonstrated for anti-thyroglobulin (anti-TG) and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) as models. The biosensor offers extremely high sensitivity: limits of detection in serum are 1.7 IU/mL and 6 IU/mL for anti-TPO and anti-TG, respectively. The dynamic range covers the whole range of clinically relevant concentrations of the autoantibodies up to 1000 IU/mL. The developed method of characterization of autoantibody activity by recording the kinetics of their binding with free native antigens is based on autoantibody polyvalency. The measurements in clinical serum samples have shown that the native kinetic parameters are independent of concentration. The proposed biosensor and method of native kinetic registration can be used to develop new criteria for comprehensive diagnostics of autoimmune diseases, based not only on traditional measurements of concentration but also on quantitative evaluation of autoantibody aggressiveness. The developed method can be adapted to other label-free sensors such as those based on the surface plasmon resonance, optical waveguides, etc.
•Multiplex label-free biosensor for measuring both activity and concentration of autoantibodies.•Ultrasensitive rapid detection of anti-TPO and anti-TG in human serum.•Measuring kinetics of targeting free native antigens to quantify autoantibody aggressiveness.•Microarray glass biochips affordable to be single-used for medical diagnostics.•Tool for new kinetics-based criteria of comprehensive diagnostics of autoimmune diseases.
The paper presents a method for estimating the inertia tensor components of a spacecraft that has expired its active life using measurement data of the Earth's magnetic field induction vector ...components. The implementation of this estimation method is supposed to be carried out when cleaning up space debris in the form of a clapped-out spacecraft with the help of a space tug. It is assumed that a three-component magnetometer and a transmitting device are attached on space debris. The parameters for the rotational motion of space debris are estimated using this measuring system. Then, the known controlled action from the space tug is transferred to the space debris. Next, measurements for the rotational motion parameters are carried out once again. Based on the available measurement data and parameters of the controlled action, the space debris inertia tensor components are estimated. It is assumed that the measurements of the Earth's magnetic field induction vector components are made in a coordinate system whose axes are parallel to the corresponding axes of the main body axis system. Such an estimation makes it possible to effectively solve the problem of cleaning up space debris by calculating the costs of the space tug working body and the parameters of the space debris removal orbit. Examples of numerical simulation using the measurement data of the Earth's magnetic field induction vector components on the Aist-2D small spacecraft are given. Thus, the purpose of this work is to evaluate the components of the space debris inertia tensor through measurements of the Earth's magnetic field taken using magnetometer sensors. The results of the work can be used in the development and implementation of missions to clean up space debris in the form of clapped-out spacecraft.
The features of the magnetic state of an array of parallel oriented permalloy ribbons are discussed. The arrays are made by explosive lithography. The ribbons have a thickness of 180 nm, a width of ...2.8 µm, and a length of about 4 mm. The distance between ribbons in different samples varies in the range from 300 nm to 4 μm. It is found that the ribbons in the regions far from the end faces are in a single-domain state with small-angle ripples, the magnetization distribution of which correlates with inhomogeneities of the ribbon side surfaces. Moreover, there is a distinct relationship in the spatial distribution of the ripples between adjacent ribbons with a relatively small distance between them. This makes it possible to evaluate the role of the magnetostatic coupling of magnetic subsystems of array elements and to estimate the characteristic value of the random stray field that pins the magnetization.
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•Rapid, sensitive, simple and quantitative detection of several biomarkers by magnetic labels.•Highly sensitive multi-channel quantification of magnetic particles in few reactions ...zones.•Four different approaches to multiplex magnetic biosensing on 3D porous structures.•Quick on-demand design of multiplex biosensors based on modular architecture.•Affordable inductively interrogated sensor chips with flat surface or micropillar microfluidics.
Unique properties of magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) have provided many breakthrough solutions for life science. The immense potential of MNP as labels in advanced immunoassays stems from the fact that they, unlike optical labels, can be easily detected inside 3D opaque porous biosensing structures or in colored mediums, manipulated by an external magnetic field, exhibit high stability and negligible background signal in biological samples, etc. In this research, the magnetic nanolabels and an original technique of their quantification by non-linear magnetization have permitted development of novel methods of multiplex biosensing. Several types of highly sensitive multi-channel readers that offer an extremely wide linear dynamic range are developed to count MNP in different recognition zones for quantitative concentration measurements of various analytes. Four approaches to multiplex biosensing based on MNP have been demonstrated in one-run tests based on several 3D porous structures; flat and micropillar microfluidic sensor chips; multi-line lateral flow strips and modular architecture of the strips, which is the first 3D multiplexing method that goes beyond the traditional planar techniques. Detection of cardio- and cancer markers, small molecules and oligonucleotides were used in the experiments. The analytical characteristics of the developed multiplex methods are on the level of the modern time-consuming laboratory techniques. The developed multiplex biosensing platforms are promising for medical and veterinary diagnostics, food inspection, environmental and security monitoring, etc.
Anaphylatoxin C3a is a small signaling polypeptide that is generated during complement activation. C3a is involved in the regulation of various innate and adaptive immune system processes; however, ...the role of C3a in macrophage differentiation and polarization is poorly elucidated. Here we showed that C3a impairs alternative M2 polarization of human macrophages and suppressed CD206, IL1Ra and CCL22 expression. C3a leads to a decrease of nuclear receptor PPARγ expression via the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, resulting in repressed PPARγ‐dependent activation of CD36, FABP4 and LXRα genes and blunted response to an LXR ligand TO901317. Using small interfering RNA and agonist/antagonist approaches we showed that C3a decreases CD206, IL1Ra and CCL22 transcription at least partly in a PPARγ‐dependent manner in M2 macrophages. Moreover, C3a impairs efferocytosis by M2 macrophages and inhibits their migratory activity. By contrast, macrophages treated with C3a during differentiation show blunted response to lipopolysaccharide stimulation owing to downregulation of TLR4 and lipid raft content. At the same time, differentiation of macrophages with C3a does not change M1 polarization in interferon gamma (IFNγ) and IFNγ + lipopolysaccharide–treated macrophages. These data provide a novel role of complement system and C3a in the regulation of M2 macrophage polarizations and suggest crosstalk between C3a, TLR4, PPARγ and LXR signaling pathways.
In this study, we found that C3a impairs M2 polarization of macrophages by the downregulation of PPARγ. C3a does not influence on M1 polarization of macrophages. C3a suppresses TLR4 receptor in resting macrophages and blunts their response to lipopolysaccharide.
Keeping rhesus monkeys as laboratory animals requires timely prevention and treatment of infections, including diseases of bacterial etiology. Based on our own studies of the microflora of healthy ...and sick monkeys, as well as analysis of published reports, we identified clinically significant representatives of pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria:
E. coli
,
Staphylococcus aureus
,
Klebsiella spp
.,
Proteus spp
. The isolates of these bacterial species and genera circulating in monkeys kept in the enclosure were isolated, four virulent bacteriophage strains with a wide spectrum of lytic activity against these isolates were selected and newly isolated. The composition based on virulent bacteriophage strains was tested on monkeys with assessment of its safety and its dynamics of detection of phage-specific DNA.
Liquid lead has been chosen as the coolant for nuclear power plants with inherent safety in Russian Federation. Its physical and chemical properties offer distinct advantages over other types of ...coolants in FR with inherent safety, but this coolant also possesses certain technological challenges in the course of reactor operation. Heavy liquid metal technology management system for BREST-OD-300 reactor consists of a number of high-end technological devices designed to operate and maintain crucial parameters of lead coolant for decades. Development of these devices required innovative and creative approach as well as strong verification procedures. This presentation will give recent updates on the development of oxygen sensors, mass-exchange devices, hydrogen purification system, coolant filter, hydrogen sensors, which combined present Coolant quality control and management system.
We consider multilayered metal-dielectric metamaterials composed of alternating nanolayers of two types and calculate the components of their effective dielectric permittivity tensors as functions of ...both frequency and wave vector. We demonstrate that such structures can be described as strongly nonlocal uniaxial effective media, and we analyze how the nonlocal permittivity tensor components are related to other manifestations of strong spatial dispersion in such structures, and how the resonance of permittivity depends on the propagation direction.
New potentially biologically active amidoethanesulfonamides of betulonic acid were synthesized by the acid chloride method via conjugation of betulonic acid with 2-aminoethanesulfonamides as the free ...bases.
•The problem of the motion of a magnetic vortex/skyrmion is solved taking into account the inertial term and the gyroscopic term of the third order.•The trajectory undergoes a break, similar to the ...refraction of light at the boundary of media.•Expressions are obtained for the potential energy of a magnetic vortex for defects of different types.
In this paper, the problem of a magnetic vortex motion in a field of extended linear inhomogeneity is solved theoretically. The motion parameters are calculated by the method of collective variables (Thiel’s equation) with the vortex effective mass and the third-order gyrovector. On the basis of the equation of motion, the influence of the core mass and the third-order gyrovector on the character of the vortex motion as a quasiparticle is analyzed. Using the method of magnetostatic charges, analytical expressions are obtained for the effective potentials where the vortex core is located: (a) near the edge of the magnet or at the boundary of different magnetic phases, (b) near the linear inhomogeneity of local anisotropy (bidirectional and unidirectional). The solution of the equation of motion made it possible to obtain the trajectories of the core in various physical situations. In addition, the paper discusses the features of the Hall effect for vortices/skyrmions, which are provided by the inertial properties and a third-order gyrovector. It is shown that when the core of a linear inhomogeneity crosses a unidirectional anisotropy or the boundary of magnetic phases, a curvature of the trajectory is observed, which is similar to the refraction of light at the boundary of optically dissimilar environment. It is important to note that the introduction of the mass and gyroscopic effect of the third order in the equation of motion showed that the motion of the vortex, even in a homogeneous potential, is not translational. In this case, the trajectory is an overlay of cycloids of different rotation frequencies (analytical expressions are obtained for the frequencies). It is shown that, the introduction of the mass and the gyroscopic term of the third order, the motion of the vortex core cannot be considered translational at least during the time of the transition mode until the stationary mode of motion takes place.
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