A new inorganic scintillation material based on Ba-Gd silica glass doped with cerium (BGS) is fabricated and studied. With the highest light yield among heavy glasses at the level of 2500 ph/MeV and ...fast scintillation response, the new scintillator ensures a good coincidence time resolution of < 230 ps FWHM for 511 keV γ-quanta from a 22Na source and SiPM readout. In addition to good performance in γ-quanta detection, the material demonstrates capability for efficient detection of low-energetic neutrons. The scintillator is produced by exploiting the standard industrial glass technology, which allows for an unlimited scaling up the conversion of raw material into a high-quality scintillator at a high rate. The glass can be casted in application-specific molds, so minimizing the material losses. The presented glass scintillator has potential for further improvement of its light output and scintillation response time.
We provide evidences that multicomponent garnet-type Ce-doped crystal GAGG (Gd3Al2Ga3O12) is a promising scintillator to be applied in harsh irradiation environments, particularly, in high-energy ...physics experiments and reactor research facilities, where long-term operation is mandatory. Applicability of this scintillator for the upgrade of the detectors at future accelerators with high luminosity like High luminosity LHC is considered and GAGG:Ce with different codopings is compared with Ce-doped oxyorthosilicate crystals, which are currently also strong candidates for such applications. It is shown that the irradiation with 24 GeV protons at a fluence of 5x1014 p/cm2 has no significant effect on optical absorption in the spectral range of the scintillator emission. The contribution of radioisotopes formed in the material by irradiation with protons to the noise pedestal and the noise energy equivalent due to harmful radio-luminescence excited by the radionuclides remains negligible at short gates in collider experiments. Moreover, we show that the irradiation-generated color centers absorb outside the spectral range of Ce luminescence. These centers do not significantly affect the dynamics of nonequilibrium carriers, which is responsible for the timing properties of the scintillator. The density of free carriers decays with a characteristic time of 2 ps, while the decay constant for trapped carriers is ∼50 ns both before and after irradiation.
•Luminescence intensity due to hadron-induced isotopes is similar in GAGG and LSO.•Proton fluence of up to 5x1014 p/cm2 does not affect timing properties of GAGG:Ce.•GAGG is prospective for radiation detectors in harsh radiation environments.
The lead tungstate crystal (PbWO 4 , PWO) is one of the widely used scintillation materials for electromagnetic calorimeters (EMCs) in high-energy physics experiments. The degradation of the optical ...transmittance in the range of the luminescence spectrum under ionizing radiation leads to losses of the light output resulting in the deterioration of the energy resolution and limiting the lifetime of the calorimeter. A possible way to restore radiation damage is the in situ illumination by visible or near-infrared light of the whole crystal volume. It allows recovering the transmittance losses due to the depopulation of the color centers. Such a kind of stimulated recovery subsystem based on a blue light-emitting diode is considered for the EMC of the PANDA detector at Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) (Darmstadt, Germany). Here, we report on the stimulated recovery studies of the lead tungstate radiation damage induced by external light from laser diodes at different wavelengths. The level of technological development of laser diodes allows increasing the efficiency of the stimulated recovery.
The development of lead tungstate scintillator with the scintillation decay decreased down to the subnanosecond domain is reported. The material exhibits a scintillation decay with a time constant of ...640 ps at a light yield of 7 phe/MeV and a high radiation tolerance to the electromagnetic component of ionizing radiation. It is shown to be an outstanding candidate for dual readout of scintillation and Cherenkov photons in electromagnetic calorimetry at future collider experiments.
The scintillation properties and radiation hardness of undoped and Ce doped YAG crystals, which were grown from tungsten crucibles in the Ar + CO atmosphere and annealed under different conditions, ...have been evaluated. The scintillation crystals obtained under such conditions have a high scintillation yield, demonstrate short scintillation kinetics with the major component of ∼60 ns, and demonstrate high radiation resistance when irradiated with both γ-quanta and high energy protons. The obtained results open up the opportunity to produce high-temperature garnet crystals using iridium-free technology, which forms the basis for a technology for mass production at an affordable price.
Application of crystalline materials in ionizing radiation detectors has played a crucial role in the discovery of properties of matter. Future detector concepts at HEP experiments will require a ...tolerable level of radiation damage in particular caused by energetic hadrons: minor deterioration of the optical transmission, low level of afterglow and radio-luminescence. From systematic studies of the radiation hardness of inorganic optical and scintillation materials we concluded that both oxide and fluoride crystals composed of atoms with atomic numbers below 60 should be reasonably survivable. In this study we focuse on cheap glass (BaO∗2SiO 2 ) and (DSB: Ce) glass ceramics capable for a mass production. Loading this glass by admixing gadolinium oxide (Gd 3+ ) provides a two times larger light yield. Both type of the materials can be produced in fiber and bulk geometry.
