The androgen receptor (AR) harbors a variable repeat number of glutamine residues codified by (CAG)n, which seems to inversely affect AR transcriptional activity. We assessed whether (CAG)n affects ...the sequence of the androgen-sensitive pubertal events and body composition in prepubertal girls.
Nested case-control study within the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study of 1196 low-middle income children (approximately 50% girls) from a university clinic in Santiago, Chile. Cases were girls with high dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS; >42 μg/dL; HD) at age 7.0 (±0.4) years (n = 58). On follow-up, 32 of them had thelarche (TB2) before the age of pubarche (PH2) and 26 had PH2 before the age of TB2. As controls, 107 age-matched girls with normal DHEAS (≤42 μg/dL; ND) were selected.
Methylation-weighted mean (CAG)n (mwCAGn) was calculated through X-chromosome methylation-sensitive enzyme restriction and polymerase chain reaction followed by automated capillary electrophoresis in peripheral blood DNA.
Girls with HD and PH2 before the age of TB2 showed a trend to higher frequency (7/26, 26.9%) of mw(CAG)n <20 compared with ND girls (12/107; 11.2%; P = .087). Accordingly, a direct correlation between age of PH2 and mw(CAG)n was observed in HD (r = 0.352; P = .007) and in ND girls (r = 0.207; P = .033). Moreover, HD girls with mw(CAG)n less than 20 had lower waist circumference and waist/height ratio than HD girls with mw(CAG)n from 20 to less than 25 (P = .027 and P = .012, respectively) at age of DHEAS determination.
Our results suggest that a greater transcriptional activity of the AR, given by short number of CAG repeats, might favor the onset of pubarche and reduce central adiposity in prepubertal girls with HD.
En este artículo se presentan los hallazgos de la investigación que buscó identificar la posible relación entre ejercicios de memoria histórica y la intencionalidad en su construcción ...intergeneracional. El proceso investigativo se realizó en el municipio de Granada, Antioquia, afectado por el conflicto armado y con fuerte historia de organización comunitaria. La metodología fue cualitativa fundamentada en la perspectiva fenomenológico-interpretativa y, para el propósito descrito, se usó entrevistas semiestructuradas. Se encontró que, si bien no es clara la intencionalidad del relevo en los Encuentros de Saber (estrategia de las organizaciones) éste se materializa en la vinculación de los hijos y familiares en los procesos comunitarios. De otro lado, las organizaciones comunitarias propician que las mujeres, que vivieron tanto la violencia social del conflicto armado como la violencia privada del machismo en sus relaciones familiares y de pareja, se hagan un lugar político para la participación pública, para el reconocimiento, para la lucha por los derechos y para la transformación de sus vidas, en suma, para ser lideresas.
El artículo aporta con un estado del arte sobre el desarrollo de intervenciones educativas interculturales en contextos indígenas que contribuyen a la descolonización del currículum escolar. La ...metodología es cualitativa y consistió en una revisión documental-descriptiva de la literatura normativa y científica a nivel nacional e internacional, sobre experiencias de intervención educativa intercultural, para lograr una comprensión y explicación de cómo se establecen las relaciones educativas y del saber entre indígenas y no indígenas en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje en la escuela. Los principales resultados dan cuenta de categorías de saberes y conocimientos educativos indígenas, posibles de articular en las diferentes asignaturas del currículo escolar en los distintos niveles educativos. Se concluye que es posible establecer una relación educativa intercultural sobre la base de la implicación entre profesores, estudiantes, padres y miembros de las comunidades indígenas, para ofrecer una educación pertinente al contexto territorial en el cual se desarrolla el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje.
Trans-diagnostic approaches assume that most mental health disorders are behavioral manifestations of few functional units that represent a psychological risk towards the development of ...symptomatology. Psychological inflexibility is one of these trans-diagnostic units and evidence suggest that its components are risk factors that can predict emotional symptomatology and suicide risk levels. The present study aims to establish two classification models that predict the probability of having clinical levels of emotional symptomatology and higher suicide risk based on psychological inflexibility components. 513 people consented and completed an online survey as the only evaluation moment including Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales-21, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire - II, Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire, Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire, Valuing Questionnaire and Generalized Pliance Questionnaire as instruments. Participants had a mean age of approximately 27 years, the majority of them were cisgender, heterosexual and identified as women. Two dichotomous variables were created to classify clinical and high-risk cases, these variables were used as dependent on a backwards conditional binary logistic regression for each. Results show that psychological inflexibility is a trans-diagnostic risk factor for both emotional symptomatology and suicide risk. However, not every component was confirmed as a significant predictor. Experiential avoidance, cognitive fusion and repetitive negative thinking are supported as trans-diagnostic risk factors for emotional symptomatology, while only experiential avoidance and generalized pliance were predictive of a higher risk of committing suicide. In conclusion, the proposed models could be useful to identify clinical symptomatology or a higher risk of suicide, which is essential for the design and implementation of preventive interventions.
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is aimed to counteract cognitions and behaviours that are considered as dysfunctional. The aim of the study is to test whether the inclusion of a non-counteractive ...approach (dilemma-focused intervention, DFI) in combination with CBT group therapy will yield better short- and long-term outcomes than an intervention conducted entirely using CBT.
A total of 128 patients with depression and at least one cognitive conflict, of six health community centres in Barcelona, participated from November of 2011 to December of 2014 in seven weekly group CBT sessions and were then randomly allocated to either DFI or CBT (eight individual sessions each) by an independent researcher. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory-II at baseline, at the end of therapy and three- and twelve-month follow-ups. Therapists did not participate in any of the assessments nor in the randomisation of patients and evaluators were masked to group assignment. Both intention to treat and complete case analyses were performed using linear mixed models with random effects.
According to intention-to-treat analysis (F2, 179 = 0.69) and complete case analysis (F2, 146 = 0.88), both conditions similarly reduced the severity of symptoms across posttreatment assessments. For the 77 participants (CBTgroup +CBTindividual = 40; CBTgroup+DFIindividual = 37) that completed allocated treatment and one-year follow-up assessment, response and remission rates were relative higher for the DFI condition, however no significant differences were found between treatment conditions. The relapse rates were similar between treatment conditions (CBTgroup +CBTindividual = 7/20; CBTgroup+DFIindividual = 8/22).
Although using a counteractive approach across all the treatment sessions is quite effective, it does not seem to be necessary to produce significant improvement. DFI may be considered as an alternative, which could be included in a wider treatment for depression.
ClinicalTrials.gov; ID: NCT01542957.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Introduction/objectives
Anti-dense fine speckled 70 (DFS70) autoantibodies were reported to be more prevalent in healthy individuals than those with autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus ...erythematosus (SLE). We determined anti-DFS70 autoantibody prevalence in a Latin American cohort of patients with SLE and healthy individuals.
Methods
This study included 127 individuals with anti-nuclear antibodies (ANAs; > 1:160) suggesting the presence of anti-DFS70, including 64 patients with SLE and 63 healthy controls. The anti-DFS70 autoantibodies were determined by immunoadsorption using NOVA Lite
®
HEp-2 Select kit with DAPI. Negative fluorescence after adsorption with the DFS70 antigen indicated anti-DFS70 autoantibody positivity.
Results
The presence of anti-DFS70 autoantibodies was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence in 21 (33.3%) healthy controls and 8 (12.5%) patients with SLE (
p
= 0.005). Among the anti-DFS70-positive patients with SLE, the most frequent compromise was renal involvement in six cases (75%), 4 patients (37.5%) were positive for anti-Sm, which was the most frequently associated antibody, and one patient (12.5%) was positive for anti-DNA.
Conclusions
Anti-DFS70 autoantibodies might be considered a biomarker to differentiate patients with SLE from ANA-positive individuals without autoimmune diseases.
Key Points:
• In a Latin American cohort, the anti-DFS70 was higher in individuals without autoimmune diseases compared with that in patients with SLE.
• The anti-DFS70 might have utility as a biomarker of exclusion in patients with non-specific clinical signs of AARDs.
La pandemia por COVID-19 ha generado diversos problemas de salud mental en la población, puesto que las rutinas fueron afectadas abruptamente y la población se vio obligada a aislarse de sus ...familiares y amigos, y a cambiar la modalidad de sus trabajos, especialmente durante el tiempo en el cual las medidas fueron más restrictivas. Todo ello ha derivado en problemas de ansiedad, depresión, estrés y riesgo de suicidio, entre otros. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer el riesgo de afectación en salud mental entre personas que reportaron malestar psicológico durante el aislamiento por COVID-19 en una muestra de 396 adultos jóvenes en Colombia. Este es un estudio retrospectivo, que siguió un diseño caso-control, para identificar la influencia del malestar psicológico percibido, el cual se evaluó a través de autorreporte. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: a) un cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos, b) Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), (c) Overall Depression Severity and Impairment Scale (ODSIS), d) Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale (OASIS), e) Escala de Zung para Ansiedad, f) Escala de Riesgo Suicida de Plutchik. Los resultados muestran que el riesgo de padecer afectación en salud mental es al menos dos veces mayor en quienes percibieron malestar psicológico durante el aislamiento restrictivo en comparación con aquellos que reportaron no tener el mismo malestar (OR(estrés) = 2.04; OR(riesgo suicidio) = 2.61; OR(ansiedad) = 2.85; OR(depresión) = 3.37). La depresión es la variable de salud mental de mayor impacto, pues el riesgo de tener sintomatología depresiva es tres veces mayor; sin embargo, en la triada depresión-ansiedad-estrés es aún más alto el riesgo de afectación en quienes estuvieron expuestos al malestar psicológico (OR = 3.71). Estos hallazgos evidencian la necesidad de intervención en salud mental, especialmente en quienes tienen más de una afectación.
Este caso clínico abordó la sinusitis maxilar de origen dental, resaltando la colaboración entre odontólogos y otorrinolaringólogos. El paciente presentó dolor en la zona 26, siendo diagnosticado con ...periodontitis apical crónica y sinusitis maxilar por imágenes radiográficas. El tratamiento comprendió la extracción del diente afectado, aplicación de láser, aloinjerto y membranas, seguido de implantología guiada en la zona 26. La colaboración multidisciplinaria resultó crucial para un diagnóstico y tratamiento eficaces. Aunque la sinusitis maxilar de origen dental suele diagnosticarse tardíamente en odontología, un enfoque integral permitió aliviar síntomas y restaurar la función masticatoria y estética del paciente.
This clinical case addressed maxillary sinusitis of dental origin, highlighting the collaboration between dentists and otolaryngologists. The patient experienced pain in area 26 and was diagnosed with chronic apical periodontitis and maxillary sinusitis through radiographic images. The treatment involved extracting the affected tooth using a laser, allograft, and membranes, followed by a guided implantology in area 26. Multidisciplinary collaboration was crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment. Although maxillary sinusitis of dental origin is often diagnosed late in dentistry, a comprehensive approach alleviated symptoms and restored masticatory function and aesthetics for the patient.
Introducción. La experiencia de formación académica de grupos minoritarios surge en un escenario de tensiones entre el sistema de educación predominantemente occidental y monocultural en relación con ...la educación familiar y saberes adquiridos por el estudiantado, así como la reproducción de diferentes formas de racismo. Estas tensiones han sido bien documentadas en la etapa escolar, mientras que en la formación universitaria de estudiantes indígenas de Chile han sido escasamente exploradas. Objetivo. Este estudio explora las creencias y representaciones de un grupo de estudiantes de origen mapuche respecto de sus experiencias académicas y socioafectivas de una universidad en Temuco, Chile, en el contexto de la Formación Inicial Docente inmersa en un sistema de educación que tradicionalmente ha sido monocultural. Metodología. El diseño metodológico se fundamentó en la investigación educativa y paradigma interpretativo, se entrevistaron a 12 estudiantes que se autoidentifican como indígenas mapuches, las entrevistas se analizaron a través de la técnica de codificación abierta. Resultados. Los principales resultados develan que las experiencias universitarias son diversas, y mantienen contenidos nucleares relacionados con la discriminación, lo que influye en la inserción y progresión en la formación profesional. Conclusión. El estudio permitió identificar las experiencias universitarias más satisfactorias, las que se relacionan con el posicionamiento del estudiantado respecto a su identificación cultural, la creación y mantenimiento de redes de apoyo.
Introduction: Psychological inflexibility is the systematic use of ineffective behavioral regulation strategies that in the long-term worsen psychological distress and quality of life. Evidence ...suggests that psychological inflexibility is a trans-diagnostic process essential to mental-health that predicts “emotional and affective disorders”. This study proposes two trans-diagnostic models of risk based on experiential avoidance, cognitive fusion, repetitive negative thinking, and values obstruction and generalized pliance as part of a “psychological inflexibility” super-ordinated factor using available instruments which already have psychometric properties and factor structure analyses, along with evidence of validity and reliability in Colombia. Said super-ordinated factor is expected to be associated to the outcome variables in the current sample and have some relationship with other latent super-ordinated factors deemed “sociodemographic variables”, “sexuality”, “mental health history” and “suicide risk”. Method: There was a cross-sectional correlational design and a non-randomized convenience sampling. The sample was 541 young adults from Cundinamarca aging from 18 to 39 (M=28.86; SD=5.66), most of them cisgender (98%; n=530), assigned female at birth (81.9%; n=443) and identified as women (81.5%; n=441). They responded to an online survey inquiring sexuality, sociodemographic and mental health history aspects and including emotional symptomatology, experiential avoidance, cognitive fusion, repetitive negative thinking, values obstruction and generalized pliance assessment. Structural Equation Modelling was used to adjust the aforementioned models. Results: Both models had a good fit. Psychological inflexibility (β= .70) and suicide risk (β= .33) had a moderate relationship (r= .66) and were associated with emotional symptomatology. Emotional symptomatology (β= 1.56) and psychological inflexibility (β=-.77) had a strong relationship (r= .95) and were associated with suicide risk. Discussion: There is preliminary evidence for the role of psychological inflexibility and sexuality related variables as potential risk factors associated with emotional symptomatology and suicide risk, supporting some of the assumptions from the ACT model.
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