•Trouble ticket information is key for alarm prioritization in Fault Management.•Data mining reveals complex relationships between alarms and trouble tickets.•Supervised machine learning classifier ...predicts the need of a trouble ticket.•Automatic alarm ticketing systems as a effective tool for time and effort saving.
Network management systems play an important role to deal with the large size and complexity of current cellular networks. Thus, operators and vendors focus much of their efforts on developing new techniques and tools for network management. One of the most critical processes in network management is fault management, since a failure in a network element might have a strong impact on user satisfaction due to service degradation. Unfortunately, cellular networks generate thousands of alarms daily, which have to be checked manually by operator personnel. With the latest advances in big data analytics, different methods for reducing the number of alarms to be monitored have been proposed in the literature. In this work, an automatic method for prioritizing alarms based on the need for specialized personnel is presented. The core of the method is an ensemble model built with supervised learning that estimates the probability that an alarm generates a trouble ticket. The model is trained with trouble ticket data from the network operation center. A performance comparison of four classical base classifiers (naïve Bayes, random forest, artificial neural network and support vector machine) for the ensemble is presented. The model is implemented in IBM SPSS Modeler and tested with a real alarm and trouble ticket dataset taken from a live cellular network. Results show that the proposed model correctly flags those alarms that need further analysis by the operator and filter out those alarms that do not have impact on network performance. The main contribution of this work is unveiling a new application (the automatic prioritization of alarms in a cellular network based on the need for specialized personnel) and presenting for the first time a performance comparison of base classifiers used for this purpose (since the required dataset is extremely difficult to find for privacy reasons).
•High soil moisture content attenuates the heat transmission within burned topsoil.•Soil thickness affected by burning is mainly limited to the first cm, either wet or dry.•Fire leads to a C loss of ...50% in dry soil and 25% in wet soil for up to the 1st cm.•SWR is tightly linked with fire, soil moisture content and soil depth.
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The aim of this work is to investigate the topsoil thickness affected by burning under contrasting soil moisture content (field capacity versus air-dried conditions). A mollic horizon of an Aleppo pine forest was sampled and burned in the laboratory, recording the temperature continuously at the topsoil surface and at soil depths of 1, 2, and 3cm. Changes in soil properties were measured at 0–1, 1–2, 2–3, and 3–4cm.
Both the maximum temperature and the charring intensities were significantly lower in wet soils than in air-dried soils up to 3cm in depth. Moreover, soil heating was slower and cooling faster in wet soils as compared to dry soils. Therefore, the heat capacity increase of the soil moistened at field capacity plays a more important role than the thermal conductivity increase on heat transfer on burned soils. Burning did not significantly modify the pH, the carbonate content and the chroma, for either wet or dry soil. Fire caused an immediate and significant decrease in water repellency in the air-dried soil, even at 3cm depth, whereas the wet soil remained hydrophilic throughout its thickness, without being affected by burning. Burning depleted 50% of the soil organic C (OC) content in the air-dried soil and 25% in the wet soil at the upper centimeter, which was blackened. Burning significantly decreased the total N (TN) content only in the dry soil (to one-third of the original value) through the first centimeter of soil depth. Soluble ions, measured by electrical conductivity (EC), increased after burning, although only significantly in the first centimeter of air-dried soils. Below 2cm, burning had no significant effects on the brightness, OC, TN, or EC, for either wet or dry soil.
Prescribed burning has been recently readopted as a management practice in the Central Pyrenees (NE-Spain) to stop shrub encroachment processes and recover pasturelands. The immediate effects of ...prescribed burning on soil C stocks and related biological properties and their evolution in the short-to mid-term after burning were assessed. The study was conducted during three autumnal prescribed burnings in the Central Pyrenees in the municipalities of Buisán, Asín de Broto and Yebra de Basa. At each site, the topsoil Ah horizon was sampled at soil depths of 0–1, 1–2 and 2–3 cm immediately before and immediately after burning. Additionally, seasonal samplings were conducted every 6 months up to one year in the case of the Asín and Yebra sites and up to 24 months at the Buisán site. The total soil organic C stock (SOCS) total N stock (NS), microbial biomass C (MBC), soil basal respiration (SR) and β-D-glucosidase activity were analyzed. The maximum temperatures recorded at the soil surface were 438 °C (Buisán), 768 °C (Asín) and 595 °C (Yebra). At the Buisán site, burning significantly decreased the SOCS (−52%), NS (−44%), MBC (−57%), SR (−72%) and glucosidase activity (−66%) at 0–1 cm depth, whereas fire had no direct effects on soil at the Asín and Yebra sites. The contrasting effects of burning on soil that were observed among sites were found to be related to differences in fire residence time. The prescribed fire at the Buisán site was on a plain slope under slow winds (<8 km h−1) at a burning rate of 0.64 ha h−1, which produced greater impacts on the soil properties than the burnings at the Asín and Yebra sites, where fire spread rapidly (2.72 and 1.43 ha h−1, respectively). At the Buisán site, the SOCS and NS recovered to the unburned values 24 months after burning. One year after burning, the SOCS at Asín were 60% higher than those of the unburned soils at 0–1 cm depth. At all sites a decreasing trend in soil biological activity in the short- and mid-term was observed. From the results it can be concluded that: 1) the direct effects of burning on soil are highly dependent on the environmental conditions, 2) in the mid-term, the reduction in soil biological activity and the incorporation of ashes and charred plant remains led to an increase in the SOCS of the burned soils.
•Prescribed burning is used to remove shrubs and restore pastures.•The effect on soil C stocks and related biological properties is studied.•Slow prescribed burning severely affected soil properties at 0–1 cm depth.•Soil properties were not affected at sites where the fire spread rapidly.•Soil biological activity decrease occurred in the short- and mid-term.
We determined the short‐ and medium‐term effects of prescribed burns on soil organic matter content and biological activity in grazing areas invaded by the shrub Echinospartum horridum (Vahl) Rothm. ...in the Pyrenees of Huesca (Spain). Soil samples were collected at 0–1, 1–2, and 2–3 cm depths in triplicate just before the burn, immediately after the burn (T0), and 1 and 5 years later (T1 and T5). We analysed the contents of total soil organic C and N, soil respiration, microbial biomass C, and β‐d‐glucosidase and acid phosphatase activities. Fire provoked an immediate high decrease in the contents of soil organic C (−40.2%) and N (−26.3%) in the first 3 cm, which were even lower at T5 (−50.3% and −46.5%, respectively). This can be explained as follows: (a) low incorporation of burned organic matter due to removal by wind and run‐off; (b) changes in microclimate increasing soil temperature and enhancing mineralization; and (c) a stimulating effect on decomposition due to the release of nutrients. Soil biological activity was affected at T0 in the first 3 cm (−49.3% glucosidase, −48.2% phosphatase, and −54.5% respiration rate). Microbial biomass C content was also affected by fire at T0 (−32.3%) but was close to its initial value at T5. The results suggest that these soils are particularly sensitive to fire. Adjusting the frequency and intensity of the burns is necessary to minimize their impact on the soil and to ensure the suitability of this management practice.
Determine whether remote ischaemic postconditioning (RIP) protects against percutaneous coronary intervention-related myocardial infarction (PCI-MI).
Single-centre, randomised, blinded to the ...researchers, clinical trial. ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT 01113008).
Tertiary hospital centre.
232 patients underwent elective PCI for stable or unstable angina.
Patients were randomised to RIP (induction of three 5-min cycles of ischaemia in the arm after the PCI) versus placebo.
The primary outcome measure was the peak 24-h troponin I level. PCI-MI was defined by an elevation of troponin values >3 or >5 of the 99th percentile according to the classical or the new definition. The secondary outcome measure was hospital admission, PCI for stable angina or acute coronary syndrome and mortality after 1 year of follow-up. The use of RIP in diabetic patients was specifically studied.
The mean age was 64.6 years, and 42% were diabetic. The peak troponin in the RIP patients was 0.476 vs 0.478 ng/mL (p=0.99). PCI-MI occurred in 36% of the RIP patients versus 30.8% in the placebo group (p=0.378). Diabetic RIP patients had more PCI-MI (new definition): OR 2.7; 95% CI 1.10 to 6.92; p=0.027. The secondary outcome measure was seen in 11.7% of the RIP patients versus 10.8% in the placebo group (p=0.907).
RIP did not reduce the damage associated with elective PCI or cardiovascular events during the follow-up. The diabetic population who underwent RIP had more PCI-MI.
Prescribed burning has been readopted in the last decade in the Central Pyrenees to stop the regression of subalpine grasslands in favour of shrublands, dominated among others by Echinospartum ...horridum (Vahl) Rothm. Nevertheless, the effect of this practice on soil properties is uncertain. The aim of this work was to analyse the effects of these burnings on topsoil organic matter and biological properties. Soil sampling was carried out in an autumnal prescribed fire in Buisán (NE-Spain, November 2015). Topsoil was sampled at 0–1cm, 1–2cm and 2–3cm depth in triplicate just before (U), ~1h (B0), 6months (B6) and 12months (B12) after burning. We analysed soil total organic C (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), microbial biomass C (Cmic), soil respiration (SR) and β-D-glucosidase activity. A maximum temperature of 438°C was recorded at soil surface while at 1cm depth only 31°C were reached. Burning significantly decreased TOC (−52%), TN (−44%), Cmic (−57%), SR (−72%) and β-D-glucosidase (−66%) at 0–1cm depth while SR was also reduced (−45%) at 1–2cm depth. In B6 and B12, no significant changes in these properties were observed as compared to B0. It can be concluded that the impact of prescribed burning has been significant and sustained over time, although limited to the first two topsoil centimetres.
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•Prescribed burning is adopted as a tool to remove shrubs and recover pasturelands•Burning effects were evaluated at 0-1, 1-2 and 2-3cm mineral soil depth•Fire severely affected the studied soil properties mainly at 0-1cm depth•No recovery on soil properties was observed 1 year after burning•Further research is needed in order to assess the sustainability of this practice
The Transcriptomic Landscape of Pediatric Astrocytoma Hernández-Hernández, Abrahan; López-Santaella, Tayde; Torres-Caballero, Aranxa ...
International journal of molecular sciences,
10/2022, Letnik:
23, Številka:
20
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Central nervous system tumors are the most common solid neoplasia during childhood and represent one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality. Tumors arising from astrocytic cells ...(astrocytomas) are the most frequently diagnosed, and according to their histological and pathological characteristics, they are classified into four categories. However, an additional layer of molecular classification considering the DNA sequence of the tumorigenesis-associated genes IDH1/2 and H3F3A has recently been incorporated into the classification guidelines. Although mutations in H3F3A are found exclusively in a subtype of grade IV pediatric astrocytoma, mutations in IDH1/2 genes are very rare in children under 14 years of age. The transcriptomic profiles of astrocytoma in adults and children have been extensively studied. However, there is scarce information on these profiles in pediatric populations considering the status of tumorigenesis-associated genes. Therefore, here we report the transcriptomic landscape of the four grades of pediatric astrocytoma by RNA sequencing. We found several well-documented biological functions associated with the misregulated genes in the four grades of astrocytoma, as well as additional biological pathways. Among the four grades of astrocytoma, we found shared misregulated genes that could have implications in tumorigenesis. Finally, we identified a transcriptional signature for almost all grades of astrocytoma that could be used as a transcription-based identification method.
Prescribed burning is the deliberate application of fire under selected conditions to accomplish predetermined management objectives. It is generally accepted that controlled use of fire has neutral ...or even positive effects on soils due to its lower temperature, intensity and severity compared to wildfires. However, very few studies have examined the effects of prescribed burning of shrub vegetation in humid mountain areas on soil properties. The objective of this work was to determine the immediate effects of prescribed burning on the quality and biochemical stability of soil organic matter (SOM) in areas encroached by shrubs in the Central Pyrenees (NE Spain). Soil samples were sampled in triplicate immediately before and after burning from the Ah horizon at 0–1, 1–2 and 2–3cm depths. We quantified the variations as a direct result of burning in (1) the SOM content, (2) the content and mineralization rates of labile and recalcitrant C pools as inferred from incubation assays (141days), and (3) the soil biological activity related to C cycling (microbial biomass C and β-D-glucosidase activity). Nearly all the soil properties studied were significantly affected by fire, varying in terms of extent of the effect and the soil depth affected. The total soil organic C (SOC), C/N ratio, β-D-glucosidase activity, C-CO2 efflux and estimated content of labile SOC decreased significantly up to 3cm depth. The total N and microbial biomass C were significantly affected only in the upper cm of the soil (0–1cm). These results describe a short-term stronger impact of the prescribed fire on topsoil properties than usually reported. However, comparing these findings to other studies should be performed with caution because of the different environments considered in each case, as well as the differing soil thicknesses found in the literature, typically between 5 and 15cm, which can lead to a dilution effect associated with the actual impacts of fire on soil properties. In this sense, the choice of a suitable soil thickness or sampling just after burning can be relevant factors in the detection of the immediate effects of fire. Short- and medium-term monitoring of the soils is needed to assess the suitability of this practice for pasture maintenance and for adapting the frequency of prescribed fires in order to minimize its impact on soil.
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•Prescribed burning is performed in the Pyrenees for pasture management.•We evaluated the immediate impact of prescribed burning on soil in the upper 3cm.•Most properties were fire-affected in terms of extent of the effect and affected depth.•Prescribed fire had a stronger impact on topsoil properties than usually reported.•The choice of soil sampling depth can be relevant for detecting immediate effects of fire.
Concurrent with the expansion of visual culture, film tourism has experienced a significant boost in recent decades, and the motivation to visit places where series made for television or similar ...platforms were filmed has been added to this modality. In this context, and taking the city of Madrid as a reference, this work proposes a line of research wherein analysis of the relationships between geographical and audiovisual spaces through cultural and tourist use unites the representation of both, by way of social networks (specifically, Twitter). As regards methodology, an ‘application programming interface’ has been designed which permits the download of a sample of tweets useful for both quantitative and qualitative analysis. The main results indicate the impacts that fiction series have had on recognition of the city (or certain of its elements) as well as relationships established between the narrative and geographical spaces when the latter are referenced via on-site activities. Theoretically, this research focuses on the relationship between real geographies, imagined geographies, and simulacra, as well as their involvement in the commodification of space and in the construction of vicarious geographical experiences.
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