We systematically mapped (scales >1:500) the surface rupture of the 4 April 2010 Mw (moment magnitude) 7.2 El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake through the Sierra Cucapah (Baja California, northwestern ...Mexico) to understand how faults with similar structural and lithologic characteristics control rupture zone fabric, which is here defined by the thickness, distribution, and internal configuration of shearing in a rupture zone. Fault zone thickness and master fault dip are strongly correlated with many parameters of rupture zone fabric. Wider fault zones produce progressively wider rupture zones and both of these parameters increase systematically with decreasing dip of master faults, which varies from 20° to 90° in our dataset. Principal scarps that accommodate more than 90% of the total coseismic slip in a given transect are only observed in fault sections with narrow rupture zones (<25 m). As rupture zone thickness increases, the number of scarps in a given transect increases, and the scarp with the greatest relative amount of coseismic slip decreases. Rupture zones in previously undeformed alluvium become wider and have more complex arrangements of secondary fractures with oblique slip compared to those with pure normal dip-slip or pure strike-slip. Field relations and lidar (light detection and ranging) difference models show that as magnitude of coseismic slip increases from 0 to 60 cm, the links between kinematically distinct fracture sets increase systematically to the point of forming a throughgoing principal scarp. Our data indicate that secondary faults and penetrative off-fault strain continue to accommodate the oblique kinematics of coseismic slip after the formation of a thoroughgoing principal scarp. Among the widest rupture zones in the Sierra Cucapah are those developed above buried low angle faults due to the transfer of slip to widely distributed steeper faults, which are mechanically more favorably oriented. The results from this study show that the measureable parameters that define rupture zone fabric allow for testing hypotheses concerning the mechanics and propagation of earthquake ruptures, as well as for siting and designing facilities to be constructed in regions near active faults.
Investigations showed that heat plants pollute atmospheric air in towns of Khabarovsk district. Concentrations of benzo(a)pyrene in air of Khabarovsk, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, and Amursk are 4-14 times ...higher than its maximum allowable concentration.
Heterostructure lasers with a separate electronic and optical confinement based on strained quantum-well structures with single and double InGaAs quantum wells and different waveguide parameters are ...studied. The heterostructure design and technological conditions of the quantum-well growth are optimised to increase the output power and reduce the laser emission divergence. Semiconductor lasers are fabricated with a cw output power as high as 4 W and the emission divergence of less than 30{sup 0} in the plane perpendicular to the p - n junction plane. The pulsed output power of these lasers is limited by the catastrophycal damage of mirrors at a linear power density of 3000 W cm{sup -1}.
We give a new construction of primitive idempotents of the Hecke algebras associated with the symmetric groups. The idempotents are found as evaluated products of certain rational functions thus ...providing a new version of the fusion procedure for the Hecke algebras. We show that the normalization factors which occur in the procedure are related to the Ocneanu--Markov trace of the idempotents.
We consider the integrable open chain models formulated in terms of generators of the Hecke algebra. The spectrum of the Hamiltonians for the open Hecke chains of finite size with free boundary ...conditions is deduced for special (corner type) irreducible representations of the Hecke algebra.
Control laboratory experiments on bacterial conjugation under simulated spaceflight conditions were performed with the use of new equipment (bioreactor RECOMB-2 and container BIOMAGNISTAT) within the ...RSA-NASA science program. External parameters were selected and the plan of simulation of a space experiment was verified to ensure high efficiency of the conjugative transfer of chromosomal and plasmid DNA and storage of hybrids on the ground. Genetic analysis of conjugative hybrids E. coli supported the hypothesized possibility of transfer of a whole bacterial chromosome during conjugation that will lead to relative stabilization of the diploid state. Earlier this hypothesis was used to interpret results of experiments performed on MIR in 1992-1993. Hence, the ground laboratory investigations proved the conclusion about high probability of transfer of large fragments or even a whole chromosome during space flight. Screening of the geomagnetic field by BIOMAGNISTAT increases the probability of conjugative contacts between cells and is likely to slightly inhibit the processes of recombination.
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