Despite numerous data dealing with the biogenesis of photosynthetic membranes connected with specific functional alterations in higher plants this is still an insufficiently understood topic and is ...one of the most promising areas of research in plant biochemistry. The main goal of our study was to detect the impact of different temperatures on chlorophyll biosynthesis and the maximum quantum yield of PSII (F
/F
). Therefore, we investigated the greening processes in etiolated sunflower cotyledons (Helianthus annuus L.) grown at different temperatures (10, 20 and 30 °C) during 24 h. The dynamics of chlorophyll a and b (Chl a and Chl b) accumulation as well as photosystem II (PSII) effi ciency were observed. We also evaluated combined effects of different temperatures (20 and 30 °C) and short-term application of increased irradiation (800 μmol m
s
) on effective quantum yield of PSII (ΔF/F’
) and non photochemical quenching (NPQ) in cotyledons with fully developed PSII. Our results showed reduced chlorophyll accumulation and the arrest of PSII assembly at 10 °C in comparison with 20 and 30 °C. Further, the increased irradiance induced equal down regulation of effective quantum yield of PSII at 20 and 30 °C, with significantly higher capability of heat dissipation at 30 °C.
Despite numerous data dealing with the biogenesis of photosynthetic membranes connected with specific functional alterations in higher plants this is still an insufficiently understood topic and is ...one of the most promising areas of research in plant biochemistry. The main goal of our study was to detect the impact of different temperatures on chlorophyll biosynthesis and the maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm). Therefore, we investigated the greening processes in etiolated sunflower cotyledons (Helianthus annuus L.) grown at different temperatures (10, 20 and 30 °C) during 24 h. The dynamics of chlorophyll a and b (Chl a and Chl b) accumulation as well as photosystem II (PSII) effi ciency were observed. We also evaluated combined effects of different temperatures (20 and 30 °C) and short-term application of increased irradiation (800 μmol m-2 s-1) on effective quantum yield of PSII (ΔF/F’m) and non photochemical quenching (NPQ) in cotyledons with fully developed PSII. Our results showed reduced chlorophyll accumulation and the arrest of PSII assembly at 10 °C in comparison with 20 and 30 °C. Further, the increased irradiance induced equal down regulation of effective quantum yield of PSII at 20 and 30 °C, with significantly higher capability of heat dissipation at 30 °C.
U ovom radu navedeni su razlozi zašto se ljudi sve više okreću alternativnoj i komplementarnoj medicini, prednost ovih metoda u odnosu na konvencionalnu medicinu i farmaceutsko-hemijske
preparate, ...kao i istraživanja i statistike o korištenju alternativne medicine. Da bi se bolje shvatili značaj i uloga alternativne medicine u liječenju, osim podjele opšte medicine, objašnjene su i grane alternativne medicine sa posebnim osvrtom na metode liječenja vezane za farmaceutsku struku, a to su homeopatija, fitoterapija i aromaterapija.U poglavlju o homeopatiji navedeni su oblici i primjena homeopatskih lijekova, kao i njihova prednost u odnosu na klasične lijekove. Fitoterapija kao najstariji oblik medicine koristi se ne samo u liječenju, već i u prevenciji mnogih bolesti. Biljne lijekove podržala je i Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija koja pruža pomoć nastojanjima nerazvijenih zemalja da povećaju upotrebu biljnih lijekova i time troše manje ionako ograničenih sredstava na gotove tvorničke lijekove. Aromaterapija kao sastavni dio fitoterapije
polako zauzima svoje zasluženo mjesto u savremenoj medicini. Eterična ulja ostvaruju svoje dejstvo na sve ćelije organizma i tako ga vraćaju u ravnotežu. Opisani su načini primjene kao i djelovanje na organizam. Navedeni su razlozi vraćanja prirodnom liječenju i smanjenju bolničkih troškova i upotrebe sintetskih lijekova koji ponekad nanose više štete nego koristi.
Introduction: The term heavy metals imply all metals of specific density greater than 5 g/cm3. Anthropogenic emissions of heavy metals affect the ongoing pollution of the Tuzla area. Cultivated ...plants acquire large amounts of heavy metals and therefore there is a real possibility of their involvement in the food chain. Goals: The basic objective of this paper is to determine the content and dynamics of heavy metals: cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in the fruit and leaves of plum (Prunus domestica L.) in the Tuzla area in order to obtain information about their impact on the environment. Materials and methods: Research consisted of fieldwork and laboratory analysis. Plant material was sampled at nine sites in the Tuzla area and prepared for chemical analysis of heavy metals. The content of heavy metals: chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), in solutions of plant material samples was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS method), with the instrument "Perkin-Elmer" 3110 and graphite cuvette "Perkin-Elmer" HGA-440. Determination of heavy metals was carried out according to ASTM-E 1812-96 standard. Results: The determined values of cadmium and copper content in plum leaves were higher than the natural content for plants in non-polluted environments in most localities. Cadmium concentration in the fruit of plum on most sites exceeded natural values of 0.8 mg/kg. The content of zinc in the fruit of plum at all locations was within the limits of the average value. In plum leaves the identified concentrations at the site of Donji Bistarac were 2.5 times higher than the average value which is 30 mg/kg. The highest concentration of chromium in leaves of plum was found at the site Donji Bistarac (2.25 mg/kg), and lowest at the site Donji Pasci. Plum fruit has a much smaller amount of the mentioned metal than a leaf, except at the site Donji Pasci where the determined values were 3 times higher than the average. Conclusion: The highest concentrations of heavy metals were found on sites that are located near industrial plants. Therefore, in the industrial-urban areas there should be provided continuous monitoring of heavy metals content in order to produce healthy food and improve the quality of life of people.
The paper presents the results of the research of horticultural dendroflora of the park located in the city center of Tuzla. By the mutual action of a series of natural-geographic factors in the ...wider area of Tuzla that belongs to the contact zone of the internal Dinarides and Pannonian lowlands, different types of soil have evolved. The most commonly are automorphic soils, which are up to 75% of the surface. The area of Tuzla City has the highest population density in the Tuzla Canton, that is 555 inh/ km2. The recreation areas in the area of Tuzla are represented by 6.1% of the total city area. The aim of this research was to explore the biodiversity of the dendroflora in the central park, the land that is, especially during the winter months, exposed to the great influence of air pollution. For this purpose, a structural analysis was carried out on vector data on horticultural dendroflora. Also, Simpson's diversity index was calculated for this site. The results showed a remarkable high level of biodiversity (D = 0.06), with high species richness and poor evenness. The dendroflora structure is unsatisfactory from the horticultural aspect. However, the results of dendroflora research have shown an unjustified practice of long-term neglect of domestic species, though they are generally easier to maintain, and decorative properties are not lagging behind for foreign species. Considering that the central Park occupies approximately 6% of the total area of public greenery (17,900m2), the results of this research can serve as a projection of the real state of the green areas of Tuzla agglomeration.
PDF
