Fast-growing cities in the East Asia and Pacific (EAP) region will define the region's energy future and its greenhouse gas (GHG) footprint. Rapid urbanization and growing standards of living offer a ...major opportunity to EAP cities to become the global engines of green growth by choosing energy efficient solutions to suit their infrastructure needs and by avoiding locking in energy-intensive infrastructure. The underlying studies in three EAP pilot cities show a clear correlation between investments in energy efficient solutions in all major infrastructure sectors and economic growth by improving energy and GHG emissions efficiency, cities not only help the global environment, but they also support local economic development through productivity gains, reduced pollution, and more efficient use of resources. Thus, the Bank is well positioned to assist municipal governments in building institutions, creating policies, developing long-term green growth plans that will attract financial support and investments from both the private sector and the donor community, and linking efficiency and low carbon programs to international concessional financing and funding, as well as to the private sector investors who will play an important role in achieving green growth objectives. This paper is organized as follows: part one focuses on urban energy use and GHG emissions in EAP; part two presents sustainable urban energy and emissions planning in three pilot cities; and part three gives sustainable urban energy and emissions planning guidebook: a guide for cities in EAP.
Presence of phenol in river water occasionally disturbs the production of drinking water. Phenol often originated from coal power plants or pesticides. New ozone generator Kuraica et al., Vacuum, 73 ...(2004) 705 was used for removal of phenol and chlorophenols from water. The ozone generator was based on coaxial dielectricbarrier-discharge and operated in the air at an atmospheric pressure. Flowing water was one of dielectric layers. Ozone and ozonized water were generated in the same volume of the discharge. This type of ozone generator has considerable advantages in comparison with the classical ones.
In this paper five experiments were described, three with bidistilled water and two with different water samples from river Danube. In all cases, 5L of water containing 6mg/L of corresponding phenol was passed once through the ozonizer. The concentration of dissolved ozone in water was 7–40mg/L. The ozonization lasted 1 h, but the total contact time was up to 94 h. In all cases, before and after the treatment of water with ozone, the concentration of corresponding phenol Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater, method 510 B, Chloroform Extraction Method, American Public Health Association, Washington, 1985, p. 558, dissolved and residual ozone Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater, Methods 2-41, 2-42 (dissolved ozone) Iodometric Method; method 4-104 (ozone residual) Indigo Colorimetric Method, American Public Health Association, Washington, 1995 were determined by standard methods.
In experiments with distilled water most of the phenol was removed during ozonization (89.5%). After 24 and 96 h the percentage of removed phenol increased to 93.3 and 98.9%, respectively. With 4-chlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol, 99.8 and 98.9% of corresponding phenols were removed. In experiments with two different water samples from Danube, the phenol was also mostly removed during ozonization, 76.7 and 80.0%, respectively.
The Future Circular Collider (FCC-hh) beam dump system must provide a safe and reliable extraction and dilution of the stored beam onto a dump absorber. Energy deposition studies show that damage ...limits of presently used absorber materials will already be reached for single bunches at 50 TeV. A fast field rise of the extraction kicker is required in order to sufficiently separate swept single bunches on the extraction protection absorbers in case of an asynchronous beam dump. In line with this demand is the proposal of a highly segmented extraction kicker system which allows for accepting a single kicker switch erratic and thus, significantly reduces the probability of an asynchronous beam dump. Superconducting septa are foreseen to limit the overall system length and power consumption. Two extraction system concepts are presented and evaluated regarding overall system length, energy deposition on absorbers, hardware requirements, radiation issues, and layout flexibility.
The first Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Long Shutdown (LS1) started in February 2013. It was triggered by the need to consolidate the 13-kA splices between the superconducting magnets to allow the LHC ...to reach safely its design energy of 14 TeV center of mass. The Superconducting Magnets and Circuits Consolidation (SMACC) project has principally covered the consolidation of the 10170 13-kA splices but also other activities linked to the superconducting magnets such as the exchange of 18 main cryomagnets, the installation of the additional safety relief devices, the repair of known helium leaks, and other consolidation activities. All these works have been structured in a project, gathering about 280 persons. The opening of the interconnections started in April 2013 and consolidation works were completed by September 2014. This paper first describes the preparation phase with the building of the teams and the detailed planning of the operations. Then, this paper carried out is summarized, and the main results achieved are presented. Finally, it gives feedback from the worksite, namely lessons learnt and adaptations that were implemented, both from the technical and organizational points of view.
Superconducting magnets for LHC insertions Ostojic, R.
IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity,
06/2004, Letnik:
14, Številka:
2
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The LHC comprises eight insertions, four of which are dedicated to the experiments while the others are used for major collider systems. The various functions of the insertions are fulfilled by a ...variety of magnet systems, most of them based on the technology of NbTi superconductors cooled by superfluid helium at 1.9 K. In this paper, we review the concepts underlying the design of the LHC insertions, and describe the corresponding design of the various specialized magnet systems. A status of the procurement of the magnets is given, and plans for their installation and commissioning reviewed.
Tolerance Studies of the Mu2e Solenoid System Lopes, M. L.; Ambrosio, G.; Buehler, M. ...
IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity,
06/2014, Letnik:
24, Številka:
3
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The muon-to-electron conversion experiment at Fermilab is designed to explore charged lepton flavor violation. It is composed of three large superconducting solenoids, namely, the production ...solenoid, the transport solenoid, and the detector solenoid. Each subsystem has a set of field requirements. Tolerance sensitivity studies of the magnet system were performed with the objective of demonstrating that the present magnet design meets all the field requirements. Systematic and random errors were considered on the position and alignment of the coils. The study helps to identify the critical sources of errors and which are translated to coil manufacturing and mechanical support tolerances.
Reference Design of the Mu2e Detector Solenoid Feher, S.; Andreev, N.; Brandt, J. ...
IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity,
06/2014, Letnik:
24, Številka:
3
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab has been approved by the Department of Energy to proceed with the development of the preliminary design. Integral to the success of Mu2e is the superconducting ...solenoid system. One of the three major solenoids is the detector solenoid that houses the stopping target and the detectors. The goal of the detector solenoid team is to produce detailed design specifications that are sufficient for vendors to produce the final design drawings, tooling and fabrication procedures and proceed to production. In this paper we summarize the reference design of the detector solenoid.
The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab is being designed to measure the rare process of direct muon-to-electron conversion in the field of a nucleus. The experiment comprises a system of three ...superconducting solenoids, which focus secondary muons from the production target and transport them to the stopping target, while minimizing the associated background. The detector solenoid is the last magnet in the transport line and it consists of an axially graded-field section at the upstream end, where the stopping target is located, and a spectrometer section with uniform field at the downstream end for accurate momentum measurement of the conversion elections. The detector solenoid has a warm bore of 1.9 m and is 10.75 m long. The stored energy of the magnet is 30 MJ. The conceptual design of the magnet is presented, in particular the challenge of achieving tight magnetic field specification in a cost-effective design.
The LHC insertion magnets Ostojic, R.
IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity,
03/2002, Letnik:
12, Številka:
1
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The Large Hadron Collider comprises eight insertions, four of which are dedicated to the LHC experiments while the others are used for the major collider systems. The various functions of the ...insertions are fulfilled by a variety of magnet systems, most of them based on the technology of NbTi superconductors cooled by superfluid helium at 1.9 K. A number of stand-alone magnets in the matching sections are operated at 4.5 K, while in the high radiation areas specialized resistive magnets are used. In this paper, we review the concepts underlying the design of the LHC insertions, and report on the design, procurement and testing of the various specialized magnet systems.
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