Most γ -ray detected active galactic nuclei are blazars with one of their relativistic jets pointing towards the Earth. Only a few objects belong to the class of radio galaxies or misaligned blazars. ...Here, we investigate the nature of the object PKS 0625−354, its γ -ray flux and spectral variability and its broad-band spectral emission with observations from H.E.S.S., Fermi -LAT, Swift -XRT, and UVOT taken in November 2018. The H.E.S.S. light curve above 200 GeV shows an outburst in the first night of observations followed by a declining flux with a halving time scale of 5.9 h. The γγ -opacity constrains the upper limit of the angle between the jet and the line of sight to ∼10°. The broad-band spectral energy distribution shows two humps and can be well fitted with a single-zone synchrotron self Compton emission model. We conclude that PKS 0625−354, as an object showing clear features of both blazars and radio galaxies, can be classified as an intermediate active galactic nuclei. Multi-wavelength studies of such intermediate objects exhibiting features of both blazars and radio galaxies are sparse but crucial for the understanding of the broad-band emission of γ -ray detected active galactic nuclei in general.
Cercarial dermatitis (‘swimmer's itch’; SI), characterized by small itchy bumps caused by schistosome parasites of birds and mammals, is a common problem in Michigan. Research on avian schistosomes ...began nearly 100 years ago in Michigan inland lakes, yet scientists are still uncovering basic biological information including the identification of local snail and parasite species that cause SI. Previous research primarily focused on lakes in the northern half of Michigan's lower peninsula, although SI occurs throughout the state. We surveyed snails and snail-borne trematodes in lakes across Michigan's lower peninsula and used quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of filtered water samples to identify parasites to the species level, including a recently discovered parasite species that uses the snail Planorbella (Helisoma) trivolvis as its intermediate host. Most SI mitigation efforts have focused on a parasite species hosted by the snail Lymnaea catescopium ( = Stagnicola emarginata); however, lymnaeid snails and their associated schistosome species were largely restricted to northern lakes. In contrast, P. trivolvis and its associated parasite species were common in both northern and southern Michigan lakes. A third schistosome species associated with physid snails was also present at low levels in both northern and southern lakes. These results indicate that the recently discovered parasite species and its planorbid snail intermediate host may be more important drivers of Michigan SI than previously thought, possibly due to increased definitive host abundance in recent decades. These results have potentially important implications for SI mitigation and control efforts.
We explore the disk-jet connection in the broad-line radio quasar 4C+74.26, utilizing the results of multiwavelength monitoring of the source. The target is unique in that its radiative output at ...radio wavelengths is dominated by a moderately beamed nuclear jet, at optical frequencies by the accretion disk, and in the hard X-ray range by the disk corona. Our analysis reveals a correlation (local and global significance of 96% and 98% respectively) between the optical and radio bands, with the disk lagging behind the jet by 250 42 days. We discuss the possible explanation for this, speculating that the observed disk and the jet flux changes are generated by magnetic fluctuations originating within the innermost parts of a truncated disk, and that the lag is related to a delayed radiative response of the disk when compared with the propagation timescale of magnetic perturbations along a relativistic outflow. This scenario is supported by re-analysis of NuSTAR data, modeled in terms of a relativistic reflection from the disk illuminated by the coronal emission, which returns an inner disk radius . We discuss the global energetics in the system, arguing that while the accretion proceeds at the Eddington rate, with the accretion-related bolometric luminosity Lbol ∼ 9 × 1046 erg s−1 ∼ 0.2LEdd, the jet total kinetic energy Lj ∼ 4 × 1044 erg s−1, inferred from the dynamical modeling of the giant radio lobes in the source, constitutes only a small fraction of the available accretion power.
The single-mirror small-size telescope (SST-1M) is one of the three proposed designs for the small-size telescopes (SSTs) of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) project. The SST-1M will be equipped ...with a 4 m-diameter segmented reflector dish and an innovative fully digital camera based on silicon photo-multipliers. Since the SST sub-array will consist of up to 70 telescopes, the challenge is not only to build telescopes with excellent performance, but also to design them so that their components can be commissioned, assembled and tested by industry. In this paper we review the basic steps that led to the design concepts for the SST-1M camera and the ongoing realization of the first prototype, with focus on the innovative solutions adopted for the photodetector plane and the readout and trigger parts of the camera. In addition, we report on results of laboratory measurements on real scale elements that validate the camera design and show that it is capable of matching the CTA requirements of operating up to high moonlight background conditions.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
A new method is proposed for deriving extremely low frequency (ELF) wave arrival azimuths using the wide range of signal amplitudes, contrary to previously applied high amplitude impulses only. The ...method is applied to observations from our new magnetic sensor in the Hylaty station with an 18 bit dynamic range and a 3 kHz sampling frequency. We analyzed a day of 15 January 2022, to test the procedure against the ability to extract ELF signals generated during the Hunga Tonga volcano eruption. With complementary filtering of power line 50 Hz signatures, precise azimuth information can be extracted for waves from a multitude of thunderstorms on Earth varying during the day at different azimuths. A phenomenon of successive regular variation—decay or activation—of thunderstorms activity with varying azimuth is observed, possibly due to passing over the solar (day/night) terminator, and signatures of azimuth direction change during this passage can be noted. We also show that the erupting Hunga Tonga volcano associated impulses dispersed due to a long propagation path are clearly revealed in the azimuth distribution with analysis using parameters fitted to measure slowly varying signals, but not for fast varying impulses. We show that the Hunga Tonga related signals arrive from the azimuth ≈10° smaller than the geographic great circle path. The discrepancy is believed to be due to propagation through the polar region and in the vicinity of the solar terminator.
Plain Language Summary
Thunderstorm lightnings generate electromagnetic emission involving extremely low frequency (ELF) waves which can propagate several times around the Earth in the spherical resonance cavity formed between the Earth surface and the ionosphere and forming the Schumann resonances at 8 Hz, 14 Hz, etc. As a result, a single ELF measurement station can monitor thunderstorm activity over whole Earth by separating different thunderstorm regions with registered waves' azimuths. Such measurements were usually done by analyzing strong individual impulses. Here we propose a novel method involving ELF magnetic signals in a full available amplitude range. We show how to filter the 50 Hz electric grid network signal perturbations to allow usage of low amplitude impulses for azimuth determination. The method is applied to 3 kHz ELA11 measurements from our Hylaty station in Poland and allows for continues monitoring thunderstorm activities in main centers on Earth. A strong point‐like ELF signal from the Hunga Tonga volcano eruption in January 2022 allowed us to measure deviation of the signal azimuth when propagating in the polar region, close to the solar terminator, and demonstrate how the method allows for separate analysis of the much‐dispersed long propagating Tonga signals from nearby thunderstorm signals at the same azimuth.
Key Points
A new method for deriving wave arrival azimuths with parametric temporal filtering of electromagnetic waves in the ELF band is introduced
A multitude of thunderstorms on Earth varying during the day at different azimuths are resolved
The Hunga Tonga volcano eruption signals are diffracted by ∼10° when propagating in the Earth‐ionosphere cavity over the polar regions
Objective
Angelman syndrome (AS) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder caused by loss of function of the maternally inherited UBE3A gene in neurons. Promising disease‐modifying treatments to ...reinstate UBE3A expression are under development and an early measure of treatment response is critical to their deployment in clinical trials. Increased delta power in EEG recordings, reflecting abnormal neuronal synchrony, occurs in AS across species and correlates with genotype. Whether delta power provides a reliable biomarker for clinical symptoms remains unknown.
Methods
We analyzed combined EEG recordings and developmental assessments in a large cohort of individuals with AS (N = 82 subjects, 133 combined EEG and cognitive assessments, 1.08–28.16 years; 32F) and evaluated delta power as a biomarker for cognitive function, as measured by the Bayley Cognitive Score. We examined the robustness of this biomarker to varying states of consciousness, recording techniques and analysis procedures.
Results
Delta power predicted the Bayley Scale cognitive score (P < 10−5, R2 = 0.9374) after controlling for age (P < 10−24), genotype:age (P < 10−11), and repeat assessments (P < 10−8), with the excellent fit on cross validation (R2 = 0.95). There were no differences in model performance across states of consciousness or bipolar versus average montages (ΔAIC < 2). Models using raw data excluding frontal channels outperformed other models (ΔAIC > 4) and predicted performance in expressive (P = 0.0209) and receptive communication (P < 10−3) and fine motor skills (P < 10−4).
Interpretation
Delta power is a simple, direct measure of neuronal activity that reliably correlates with cognitive function in AS. This electrophysiological biomarker offers an objective, clinically relevant endpoint for treatment response in emerging clinical trials.
Tacrolimus, a cornerstone immunosuppressant, is widely available as a twice‐daily formulation (Tacrolimus BID). A once‐daily prolonged‐release formulation (Tacrolimus QD) has been developed that may ...improve adherence and impart long‐lasting graft protection. This study compared the pharmacokinetics (PK) of tacrolimus in de novo kidney transplant patients treated with Tacrolimus QD or Tacrolimus BID. A 6‐week, open‐label, randomized comparative study was conducted in centers in Europe and Australia. Eligible patients received Tacrolimus QD or Tacrolimus BID. PK profiles were obtained following the first tacrolimus dose (day 1), and twice under steady‐state conditions. As secondary objectives, efficacy and safety parameters were also evaluated. Sixty‐six patients completed all PK profiles (34 Tacrolimus QD, 32 Tacrolimus BID). Mean AUC0–24 of tacrolimus on day 1 was approximately 30% lower for Tacrolimus QD than Tacrolimus BID (232 and 361 ng.h/mL, respectively), but was comparable by day 4. There was a good correlation and a similar relationship between AUC0–24 and Cmin for both formulations. Efficacy and safety data were also comparable over the 6‐week period. Tacrolimus QD can be administered once daily in the morning on the basis of the same systemic exposure and therapeutic drug monitoring concept as Tacrolimus BID.
This prospective, randomized, PK study in de novo kidney transplant patients showed comparable systemic steady‐state tacrolimus exposure, and a good correlation between trough tacrolimus levels and AUC, for once‐ and twice‐daily tacrolimus formulations.
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