Alternative splicing (AS) is a key process in which precursor RNAs produce different mature RNAs, and the disorder of AS is a key factor in promoting cancer development. Compared with coding RNA, ...studies on the functions of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are far from enough. In fact, lncRNA is an important participant and regulator in the process of AS. On the one hand, lncRNAs regulate cancer progression as AS products of precursor messenger RNA (mRNA), but on the other hand, precursor lncRNA generates cancer-related abnormal splicing variants through AS. In addition, lncRNAs directly or indirectly regulate the AS events of downstream target genes, thus affecting the occurrence and development of cancer. Here, we reviewed how lncRNAs regulate AS and influence oncogenesis in different ways.
Single-cell RNA sequencing in cancer research Zhang, Yijie; Wang, Dan; Peng, Miao ...
Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research,
03/2021, Letnik:
40, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), a technology that analyzes transcriptomes of complex tissues at single-cell levels, can identify differential gene expression and epigenetic factors caused by ...mutations in unicellular genomes, as well as new cell-specific markers and cell types. scRNA-seq plays an important role in various aspects of tumor research. It reveals the heterogeneity of tumor cells and monitors the progress of tumor development, thereby preventing further cellular deterioration. Furthermore, the transcriptome analysis of immune cells in tumor tissue can be used to classify immune cells, their immune escape mechanisms and drug resistance mechanisms, and to develop effective clinical targeted therapies combined with immunotherapy. Moreover, this method enables the study of intercellular communication and the interaction of tumor cells and non-malignant cells to reveal their role in carcinogenesis. scRNA-seq provides new technical means for further development of tumor research and is expected to make significant breakthroughs in this field. This review focuses on the principles of scRNA-seq, with an emphasis on the application of scRNA-seq in tumor heterogeneity, pathogenesis, and treatment.
Objective
We focus on providing the first comprehensive national dataset on the incidence, injury aetiology and mortality of TSCI in China.
Methods
A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method ...was used. We included TSCI cases from all hospitals in three regions, nine provinces and 27 cities in China via search of electronic medical records and retrospectively analysed the characteristics of TSCI in China from 2009 to 2018. We estimated the incidence of TSCI in the total population and subgroups.
Results
There were 5954 actual cases in 2009, corresponding to a total estimated TSCI incidence of 45.1 cases per million population (95% CI, 44.0–46.3). There were 10,074 actual cases in 2018, corresponding to a total estimated TSCI incidence of 66.5 cases per million population (95% CI, 65.2–67.8) (
P
< 0.001; annual average percentage change (AAPC), 4.4%). From 2009 to 2018, the incidence of almost all sex/age groups showed an increasing trend over time (
P
< 0.001; AAPC, 0.7–8.8%). The elderly population (aged 65–74) displayed the highest incidence of TSCI (with an average annual incidence of 127.1 cases per million 95% CI, 119.8–134.3).
Conclusions
The TSCI incidence increased significantly from 2009 to 2018. The incidence in the elderly populations was consistently high and continues to increase over time. The mortality of TSCI patients in hospitals is relatively low and continues to decrease each year, but elderly individuals remain at a high risk of hospital death.
Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy and the most significant contributor to mortality in female oncology patients. Potassium Two Pore Domain Channel Subfamily K Member 1 (KCNK1) is ...differentially expressed in a variety of tumors, but the mechanism of its function in breast cancer is unknown. In this study, we found for the first time that KCNK1 was significantly up-regulated in human breast cancer and was correlated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. KCNK1 promoted breast cancer proliferation, invasion, and metastasis in vitro and vivo. Further studies unexpectedly revealed that KCNK1 increased the glycolysis and lactate production in breast cancer cells by binding to and activating lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), which promoted histones lysine lactylation to induce the expression of a series of downstream genes and LDHA itself. Notably, increased expression of LDHA served as a vicious positive feedback to reduce tumor cell stiffness and adhesion, which eventually resulted in the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of breast cancer. In conclusion, our results suggest that KCNK1 may serve as a potential breast cancer biomarker, and deeper insight into the cancer-promoting mechanism of KCNK1 may uncover a novel therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women, and its incidence is increasing each year. To effectively treat breast cancer, it is important to identify genes involved in its occurrence ...and development and to exploit them as potential drug therapy targets. Here, we found that potassium channel subfamily K member 6 (KCNK6) is significantly overexpressed in breast cancer, however, its function in tumors has not been reported. We further verified that KCNK6 expression is upregulated in breast cancer biopsies. Moreover, overexpressed KCNK6 was found to enhance the proliferation, invasion, and migration ability of breast cancer cells. These effects may occur by weakening cell adhesion and reducing cell hardness, thus affecting the malignant phenotype of breast cancer cells. Our study confirmed, for the first time, that increased KCNK6 expression in breast cancer cells may promote their proliferation, invasion, and migration. Moreover, considering that ion channels serve as therapeutic targets for many small molecular drugs in clinical treatment, targeting KCNK6 may represent a novel strategy for breast cancer therapies. Hence, the results of this study provide a theoretical basis for KCNK6 to become a potential molecular target for breast cancer treatment in the future.
RNA modifications in cancer Tang, Qiling; Li, Lvyuan; Wang, Yumin ...
British journal of cancer,
08/2023, Letnik:
129, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Currently, more than 170 modifications have been identified on RNA. Among these RNA modifications, various methylations account for two-thirds of total cases and exist on almost all RNAs. Roles of ...RNA modifications in cancer are garnering increasing interest. The research on m
A RNA methylation in cancer is in full swing at present. However, there are still many other popular RNA modifications involved in the regulation of gene expression post-transcriptionally besides m
A RNA methylation. In this review, we focus on several important RNA modifications including m
A, m
C, m
G, 2'-O-Me, Ψ and A-to-I editing in cancer, which will provide a new perspective on tumourigenesis by peeking into the complex regulatory network of epigenetic RNA modifications, transcript processing, and protein translation.
Given samples from a particular normal class, image novelty detection is aimed at determining whether a query sample is from the normal class. Images from this particular class are termed inliers or ...normal images, whereas images not belonging to the class are termed novelties. Most novelty detection approaches use deep neural networks. However, few of them are end-to-end, and state-of-the-art neural networks tend to be overconfident in their predictions. This may result in incorrect predictions and may negatively affect novelty detection. In this paper, we propose a novel model termed adversarially learned one-class novelty detection with confidence estimation for image novelty detection. The proposed model consists of a representation and a detection module, which are adversarially trained to collaboratively learn the inlier distribution. Moreover, the model uses confidence estimation so that the detection module can more effective. The proposed model is end-to-end and does not require additional calculations such as novelty scores after training. We conduct comprehensive experiments on four publicly available datasets that are commonly used for novelty detection, and the model is compared with state-of-the-art methods to demonstrate its performance.
The Gal4/UAS system provides a powerful tool to analyze the function of genes. The system has been employed extensively in zebrafish; however, cytotoxicity of Gal4 and methylation of UAS can hinder ...future applications of Gal4/UAS in zebrafish. In this study, we provide quantitative data on the cytotoxicity of Gal4-FF and KalTA4 in zebrafish embryos. A better balance between induction efficiency and toxicity was shown when the injection dosage was 20 pg for Gal4-FF and 30 pg for KalTA4. We tested the DNA methylation of UAS in different copies (3×, 5×, 7×, 9×, 11×, and 14×), and the results showed, for the first time, that the degree of UAS methylation increases with the increase in the copy number of UAS. We detected insertions of the Tol2-mediated transgene in the Gal4 line and found as many as three sites of insertion, on average; only about 20% of individuals contained single-site insertion in F1 generation. We suggested that the screening of Gal4 lines with single-site insertion is essential when Tol2-mediated Gal4 transgenic lines are created. Moreover, we designed a novel 5 × non-repetitive UAS (5 × nrUAS) to reduce the appeal of multicopy UAS as a target for methylation. Excitingly, the 5 × nrUAS is less prone to methylation compared to 5 × UAS. We hope the results will facilitate the future application of the Gal4/UAS system in zebrafish research.
In eukaryotes, alternative splicing refers to a process via which a single precursor RNA (pre-RNA) is transcribed into different mature RNAs. Thus, alternative splicing enables the translation of a ...limited number of coding genes into a large number of proteins with different functions. Although, alternative splicing is common in normal cells, it also plays an important role in cancer development. Alteration in splicing mechanisms and even the participation of non-coding RNAs may cause changes in the splicing patterns of cancer-related genes. This article reviews the latest research on alternative splicing in cancer, with a view to presenting new strategies and guiding future studies related to pathological mechanisms associated with cancer.
Magnetic biochar was made from peanut hull biomass using iron chloride in a simplified aqueous phase approach and pyrolysis at alternative peak temperatures (450–650 °C). Magnetic biochar showed an ...extreme capacity for adsorption of hexavalent chromium Cr (VI) from aqueous solution, which was 1–2 orders of magnitude higher compared to standard (non-magnetic) biochar from the same feedstock. Adsorption increased with pyrolysis temperature peaking at 77,542 mg kg−1 in the sample pyrolysed at 650 °C. In contrast to magnetic biochar, the low adsorption capacity of standard biochar decreased with increasing pyrolysis temperature. The fine particle size of magnetic biochar and low aqueous pH were also important for adsorption. Surfaces of products from batch adsorption experiments were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer. This revealed that γ-Fe2O3 was crucial to the properties (adsorbance and magnetism) of magnetic biochar. The removal mechanism was the Cr (VI) electrostatic attracted on protonated –OH on γ-Fe2O3 surface and it could be desorbed by alkaline solution. Findings suggest that pyrolysis has potential to create effective, magnetically recoverable adsorbents relevant to environmental application.
Simplified method for creating magnetic biochar from peanut hulls and its effect on Cr (VI) removal from aqueous solution. Display omitted
•Magnetic biochar derived peanut hull was simplified created with higher adsorption for Cr(VI) in aqueous.•γ-Fe2O3 loaded on biochar played a key role in Cr(VI) adsorption.•Higher pyrolysis temperature and smaller particle size of magnetic biochar could result in higher adsorption of Cr(VI).
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