Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and Lithium storage both play the key roles in energy conversion and storage devices. Here, we report a honeycomb-like nitrogen-doped carbon derived from enteromorpha ...algae (N-EA), using a one-step pyrolysis process at only 600 °C to simultaneously achieve doping, carbonization and activation. After anchoring CoFe2O4 on N-EA, CoFe2O4/N-EA, not only inherits the high surface area, porous structure, active nitrogen species from N-EA, but also benefits from the active sites and high theoretical specific capacity of Li storage from CoFe2O4. The synergistic effect makes CoFe2O4/N-EA an alternative catalyst to commercial Pt/C for ORR with superior activity and stability. Moreover, CoFe2O4/N-EA exhibits a remarkable cycle performance with a 100% capacity retention (∼900 mAh g−1) after 500 cycles at 0.5 A g−1. Green preparation, waste utilization, good ORR performance and Li storage property of CoFe2O4/N-EA could make it a promising candidate for fuel cells and LIBs.
Radiotherapy resistance is the main cause of treatment failure in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), which leads to poor prognosis. It is urgent to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying ...radiotherapy resistance.
RNA-seq analysis was applied to five paired progressive disease (PD) and complete response (CR) NPC tissues. Loss-and gain-of-function assays were used for oncogenic function of FLI1 both in vitro and in vivo. RNA-seq analysis, ChIP assays and dual luciferase reporter assays were performed to explore the interaction between FLI1 and TIE1. Gene expression with clinical information from tissue microarray of NPC were analyzed for associations between FLI1/TIE1 expression and NPC prognosis.
FLI1 is a potential radiosensitivity regulator which was dramatically overexpressed in the patients with PD to radiotherapy compared to those with CR. FLI1 induced radiotherapy resistance and enhanced the ability of DNA damage repair in vitro, and promoted radiotherapy resistance in vivo. Mechanistic investigations showed that FLI1 upregulated the transcription of TIE1 by binding to its promoter, thus activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. A decrease in TIE1 expression restored radiosensitivity of NPC cells. Furthermore, NPC patients with high levels of FLI1 and TIE1 were correlated with poor prognosis.
Our study has revealed that FLI1 regulates radiotherapy resistance of NPC through TIE1-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, suggesting that targeting the FLI1/TIE1 signaling pathway could be a potential therapeutic strategy to enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy in NPC.
Electrode erosion is a harmful phenomenon in applications where thermal plasma appears. However, little attention has been paid to establishing a systematic evaluation methology for it. This paper ...proposed and verified a framework for evaluating electrode erosion under repetitive pulsed discharges. Specifically, erosion can be evaluated from the angles of operating characteristics, macro-morphology, micro-morphology, and chemical compositions. Pilot experiments on W-Ni-Fe and W-Cu electrode erosion were performed and results analysed to verify the validity of this framework. It was found that the erosion behaviours of W-Cu composites were different from those of W-Ni-Fe alloys in many aspects, such as self-breakdown voltage distribution, erosion morphology (microstructures), arc plasma channel compositions, etc. For example, W-Cu electrode surface was split by long cracks with ~50 µm depth to 200-400 µm polygons, while W-Ni-Fe electrode surface was filled by pits and protrusions with a typical diameter of ~20 µm. Finally, factors leading to those differences were analysed and causal relationships discussed based on the results of this framework.
Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of non-apoptotic cell death, plays important roles in cerebral ischemia. Previously we have found that L-F001, a novel fasudil-lipoic acid dimer with good ...pharmacokinetic characters has good neuroprotection against toxin-induced cell death
and
. Here, we investigated the protective effects of L-F001 against a Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inhibitor Ras-selective lethality 3 (RSL3) -induced ferroptosis in HT22 cells. We performed MTT, Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Western blot, and immunofluorescence analyses to determine the protective effects of L-F001 treatment. RSL3 treatment significantly reduced HT22 cell viability and L-F001 significantly protected RSL3-induced cell death in a concentration-dependent manner and significantly attenuated Mitochondrial shrinkage observed by TEM. Meanwhile, L-F001 significantly decreased RSL3-induced ROS and lipid peroxidation levels in HT22 cells. Moreover L-F001could restore GPX4 and glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM) levels, and significantly deceased Cyclooxygenase (COX-2) levels to rescue the lipid peroxidation imbalance. In addition, FerroOrange fluorescent probe and Western blot analysis revealed that L-F001 treatment decreased the total number of intracellular Fe
and restore Ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) level in RSL3-induced HT22 cells. Finally, L-F001 could reduce RSL3-induced c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation, which might be a potential drug target for LF-001. Considering that L-F001 has a good anti-ferroptosis effect, our results showed that L-F001 might be a multi-target agent for the therapy of ferroptosis-related diseases, such as cerebral ischemia.
The application of wearable devices is promoting the development toward digitization and intelligence in the field of health. However, the current smart devices centered on human health have ...disadvantages such as weak perception, high interference degree, and unfriendly interaction. Here, an intelligent health agent based on multifunctional fibers, with the characteristics of autonomy, activeness, intelligence, and perceptibility enabling health services, is proposed. According to the requirements for healthcare in the medical field and daily life, four major aspects driven by intelligent agents, including health monitoring, therapy, protection, and minimally invasive surgery, are summarized from the perspectives of materials science, medicine, and computer science. The function of intelligent health agents is realized through multifunctional fibers as sensing units and artificial intelligence technology as a cognitive engine. The structure, characteristics, and performance of fibers and analysis systems and algorithms are reviewed, while discussing future challenges and opportunities in healthcare and medicine. Finally, based on the above four aspects, future scenarios related to health protection of a person's life are presented. Intelligent health agents will have the potential to accelerate the realization of precision medicine and active health.
A multifunctional fiber‐enabled intelligent health agent with characteristics of autonomy, activeness, intelligence, and perceptibility, enabling health services, is proposed. Four major aspects driven by intelligent agents are summarized from the perspectives of materials science, medicine, and computer science. The agent is realized through multifunctional fibers as sensing units and artificial intelligence technology as a cognitive engine.
Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are extremely attractive for next-generation energy storage technologies owing to their high energy density, low cost and environmental friendliness. Nevertheless, the ...severe shuttle effect of soluble lithium polysulfides (LiPS) has been one of the major technical challenges causing the rapid capacity fading of Li–S batteries. Herein, we prepare a uniquely designed polyacrylonitrile/poly(acrylic acid) composite nanofiber separator with controllable pore structures and abundant electronegative groups, which is denoted as E-PAN/PAA, to effectively suppress the shuttling effect of LiPS. By a facile electrospinning strategy combined with ethanol steaming treatment, poly(acrylic acid) can be in situ extracted out from the inside of PAN/PAA composite nanofibers to precisely tune the pore structure of the nanofiber separator. As a result, the optimized E-PAN/PAA separator can act as an ionic sieve to allow fast Li + transport while effectively inhibiting LiPS migration as well, leading to a high initial capacity of 1232 mA h g −1 at 0.1C and a remarkable cycling stability with an ultra-low fading rate of 0.03% per cycle over 500 cycles at 1C. Moreover, the E-PAN/PAA separator presents a remarkable combination of excellent electrolyte wettability, thermal stability and mechanical properties, providing a valuable strategy for the design and manufacture of advanced Li–S battery separators.
Dementia is marked by a steady decline or worsening in cognitive abilities, affecting memory, logic, and social competencies. While many studies suggest a potential link between the amount of sleep ...and dementia risk, the outcomes are not yet consistent. This research delved into the relationship between sleep length and bedtime on cognitive abilities using an extensive dataset from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) from 2014 to 2020.
Data from 175,702 observations were collected, including cognitive function test data from 22,848 participants. Various cognitive tests were used to assess cognitive function. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were used for data analysis.
The optimal sleep duration for cognitive function was found to be 6–7 h, and the optimal bedtime was generally between 22:00–23:00. Longitudinal analysis revealed that sleep duration four years prior had a significant impact on current cognitive function. After accounting for various factors, those who slept for 7–8 h and over 8 h displayed lower cognitive function scores. Conversely, individuals sleeping less than 6 h had higher scores on the Vocabulary Test. Bedtime before 22:00 was associated with lower scores on the Vocabulary Test and Mathematical Test. Subgroup analyses based on age, gender, and urban residence showed variations in optimal sleep duration for different populations. Propensity Score Matching (PSM) analysis supported the findings.
Maintaining a sleep duration of 6–7 h and a regular bedtime between 22:00–23:00 is important for optimizing cognitive performance.
Tofu solid waste (TSW), an abundant agricultural waste product from the soy industry, can be used as an excellent source of renewable biomass by the action of microbes, indicating a better ...utilization prospect as opposed to its disposal in landfills or being incinerated. In this study, the composition of TSW was investigated. The waste material was used to produce lactic acid by enzymatic saccharification and fermentation using Bacillus sp. NL01. TSW was determined to be rich in carbohydrates and protein, and could, therefore, be used as a nutrient to facilitate microbial growth. Without pre-treatment, a maximum glucan saccharification rate of 91.6% was achieved by using a mixture of cellulase CTec2 and hemicellulose H2125. Using 1000 g dry weight of TSW as the starting material, 160 g of glucose was recovered and subsequently used to yield 150 g of lactic acid by the action of Bacillus sp. NL01. Thus, the method developed in this study was effective in the production of lactic acid from TSW and can likely provide a deeper insight into the utilization of TSW in biorefineries.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This paper deals with an experimental study regarding the spatial-temporal evolution of single wire explosions in air and water at atmospheric pressure. Experiments were carried out with a ...microsecond timescale pulsed current source under 500 J stored energy. The morphology of the exploding wire with different discharge type, wire material, insulating coat, and ambient medium was intensively observed via self-emission images. The results revealed that the plasma radiation of wire explosion in air mainly contained two stages: initial intense radiation from optically thick plasma, and later decaying radiation from expanded arc-like plasma. A hollow structure was observed in a Cu exploding wire in air, and the plasma channel tended to develop inside it. As for W case, there would always be a core-corona structure, resulting in lower expansion rate and shock wave strength. Moreover, the plasma radiation of the underwater wire explosion was mainly determined by two factors: expansion rate and chemical reaction. The expansion rate of the radiant region in water was only 10-1 mm μs-1 level (1 mm μs-1 level for air), leading to the lagging radiation. No noticeable difference in morphology was found between Cu and W wire explosions in water. Particularly, the Al wire explosion generated a bright light emission due to chemical reactions. Finally, radiative characteristics in an exploding wire were preliminarily concluded and existing problems proposed.
Besides a typical high‐density plasma source, electrical explosion of conductors is also indispensable in switches, nanomaterial synthesis, shock‐wave sources, etc. In this paper, an experimental ...study regarding plasma dynamics of electrical wire explosions (μs‐timescale) is presented, with spatiotemporal resolved diagnostics. Pure Cu/Ni wire and Cu‐Ni alloy wire were used and compared. The alloy wire usually has a higher resistivity, resulting in a higher initial energy deposition (heating) rate. Abel inverse transformation indicated that the plasma radiation focussed on the outer region of the discharge channel for the alloy wire. In addition, the metallic vapour determined by the material properties had a considerable influence on the plasma process and resulting nanomaterials. In particular, both transverse and axial‐layered structures were observed in alloy wire vapour. In addition, for the first time, the expanding arc‐like plasma of explosion products was understood and examined from aspects of material properties and energy relaxation. The later stage of wire explosion resembled the state of regular metal vapour arcs under 1 MPa pressure. Finally, the core factor for the fast energy deposition stage of wire explosion was ascertained. Correlations between pre‐exposition circuit parameters and post‐explosion dynamic effects were found, which is significant for practical applications.
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