The application of slow-release and soluble fertilizers proved to be an effective and environmentally benign way of stimulating oil biodegradation on an Arctic shoreline. Fertilizer application to ...the surface of the beach delivered nutrients to the oiled sediment beneath the beach surface. There was no significant run-off of this fertilizer to either the nearshore water or to unfertilized plots, and there were no adverse toxicological effects of the fertilizer application. The fertilizer application was followed by an increase in oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide evolution from the beach, increased microbial biomass, and significantly greater biodegradation of oil on the plots that had received fertilizer. The rate of oil biodegradation was approximately doubled over the course of a year by fertilizer applications in the first two months after the spill.
Simple test kits proved adequate to monitor the fertilizer-application process in the field in a time frame that would allow the application process to be fine-tuned during treatment on a real spill. Simple test kits and portable instrumentation were useful in demonstrating the initial success of the bioremediation strategy.
Considers polynomial time testability of combinational circuits generated by input decomposition, especially those generated by the logic synthesis tool FACTOR. First, the complexity of the fault ...detection problem in this class of circuits is explored using a stuck-at fault model. An O(2/sup k/m) algorithm for detecting a single stuck-at fault is given that is faster than the O(16/sup k/m), previously reported best algorithm proposed by Fujiwara(1990), where k is the number of inputs in a subcircuit and m the number of signal lines in the circuit. Efficient, polynomial time algorithms are described for generating a test set for all single stuck-at faults in the circuit. The basic strategy is to eliminate backtracks during line justification by constructing tables or vector sets in each subcircuit, which makes the fault propagation procedure very simple and eventually results in an efficient test generation procedure. This presentation of efficient polynomial time test generation algorithms for FACTOR-generated circuits is important, since it shows that it is possible to synthesize circuits that are optimized for area and are polynomial time testable at the same time.< >
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