Many drugs are known to induce allergic reactions in the skin. The metabolic activation of drugs resulting in the formation of protein adducts is thought to be a first step in the induction of these ...allergic reactions. We postulated that dermal tissue might be a site of drug activation by cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes.
Messenger RNA was extracted from cultured Langerhans cells, keratinocytes, fibroblasts and melanocytes from 6 individuals, and CYP mRNA expression was analyzed by RT-PCR.
CYP1A1, 1B1 and 2E1 were found in all four cell types. CYP2A6, 2C, 2D6, 3A5, 3A7 and 4B1 mRNA was expressed in a cell-type- and/or individual-specific manner. CYP1A2, 2A7, 2B6 and 3A4 mRNA was not detectable.
The mRNA for a variety of CYP isozymes was expressed in all four types of skin cells examined. These CYP enzymes may be involved in the pathogenesis of drug-induced allergic reactions in the skin.
Gastroesophageal reflux diseases (GERD) are common in the western countries and have been well studied about diagnosis and treatment. Nissen technique (a complete wrap) and Toupet technique (a ...partial wrap) are usually transabdominal fundoplication. Hill technique is a transabdominal posterior gastropexy. Allison technique is a transthoracic reduction method of the herniated cardia back into the abdomen, but is not frequently employed today. Belsey Mark VI technique is a transthroacic anterior plication. Collis gastroplasty is an esophageal lenghening technique and is used with standard repairs (Nissen, Belsey, and Hill). Good result rate of above mentioned surgery are about 90%. Recently, laparoscopic Nissen/Toupet technique are a standard antireflex surgery because of minimal invasiveness and more than 90% of good results. After introducing laparoscopic surgery the indication of antireflex surgery for GERD can be changed because of quality of life of patients and medicoeconomical reasons.
The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) space experiment, which has been developed by Japan in collaboration with Italy and the United States, is a high-energy astroparticle physics mission on ...the International Space Station (ISS). The primary goals of the CALET mission include investigation of possible nearby sources of high-energy electrons, detailed study of galactic cosmic-ray acceleration and propagation, and search for dark matter signatures. With a long-term observation onboard the ISS, the CALET experiment measures the flux of cosmic-ray electrons (including positrons) up to 20 TeV, gamma-rays to 10 TeV, and nuclei up to 1,000 TeV based on its charge separation capability from Z = 1 to 40. Since the start of science operation in mid-October, 2015, a continuous observation has been maintained without any major interruptions. The number of triggered events over 10 GeV is nearly 20 million per month. By using the data obtained during the first two-years, here we present a summary of the CALET observations: 1) Electron+positron energy spectrum, 2) Nuclei analysis, 3) Gamma-ray observation with a characterization of the on-orbit performance. The search results for the electromagnetic counterparts of LIGO/Virgo gravitational wave events are also discussed.
We analyze the temporal variation of the solar diurnal anisotropy of the multi-TeV cosmic-ray intensity observed with the Tibet air shower array from 2000 to 2009, covering the maximum and minimum of ...the 23rd solar cycle. We comfirm that a remarkable additional anisotropy component is superposed on the Compton-Getting anisotropy at 4.0 TeV, while its amplitude decreases at higher energy regions. In constrast to the additional anisotropy reported by the Matsushiro experiment at 0.6 TeV, we find the residual component measured by Tibet at multi-TeV energies is consistent with being stable, with a fairly constant amplitude of 0.041% ± 0.003% and a phase at around 07.17 ± 00.16 local solar time at 4.0 TeV. This suggests the additional anisotropy observed by the Tibet experiment could result from mechanisms unrelated to solar activities.
Glutamate may cause Ca2+ entry through Ca2+‐permeable glutamate receptors, which in turn stimulates the anti‐apoptotic signaling cascade in glioma cells. It was found that a human glioma cell line, ...U‐87 MG, expressed subunits of α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionate acid‐type glutamate receptors (AMPAR). Ca2+ entry through AMPAR was detected in approximately 40% of U‐87 MG cells. AMPAR agonists facilitated cell proliferation in low‐serum medium containing 0.5% fetal calf serum (FCS). Unexpectedly, cell proliferation by the activation of AMPAR was not detected in serum‐rich medium containing 10% FCS. Overexpression of Ca2+‐permeable AMPAR facilitated proliferation of U‐87 MG cells in the low‐serum condition, whereas it had again no effect in the serum‐rich condition. Cell proliferation of U‐87 MG cells is likely to be under the regulation of both growth factors contained in the serum and Ca2+ entry through AMPAR, and that the latter regulation becomes evident only when serum factors are deprived of culture medium.
A number of molecules involved in the process of invasion and metastasis of cancer cells have been demonstrated as a biological prognostic parameter. In esophageal cancer, overexpression of the ...oncogenes (c-erbB, int-2/hst-1/cyclin D1, MDM2), altered expression of suppressor genes (p 16, DCC), and abnormal expression of adhesion molecules (E-cadherin, alpha-catenin) has been reported as markers of high malignant potential. Proliferation markers (Ki-67, AgNORs, PCNA) and angiogenetic factors (intratumoral microvessel density, VEGF) are also related to the prognosis of the patients with various cancers including esophageal cancer. Prognostic significance of p53 is still controversial. In addition to the clinicopathological parameters, combination of these biological markers would be important to predict the clinical outcome of the cases and to establish an individualized strategy of the treatment of each case according to the biological behavior of the cancer cells.
This paper presents a constructive method for deriving an updated discriminant eigenspace for classification, when bursts of new classes of data is being added to an initial discriminant eigenspace ...in the form of random chunks. The proposed Chunk incremental linear discriminant analysis (I-LDA) can effectively evolve a discriminant eigenspace over a fast and large data stream, and extract features with superior discriminability in classification, when compared with other methods.
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