We present a conceptual sampling electromagnetic calorimeter based on secondary electron emission process. The secondary electron emission process was implemented in Geant4 as a user physics class, ...which accurately reproduces the energy spectrum and yield of secondary electrons for thin metals. The simulation results for the response linearity and energy resolution are compared with that of a scintillation calorimeter. The response and energy resolution of the calorimeter were obtained for electron energies up to 50 GeV . The response linearity to electromagnetic showers is to within 1.5%, whereas the energy resolution is σ/E=(44%)GeV1/2/ E for 2.5 cm sampling of iron absorber.
We present updated results from a simulation study of a conceptual sampling electromagnetic calorimeter based on secondary electron emission process. We implemented the secondary electron emission ...process in Geant4 as a user physics list and produced the energy spectrum and yield of secondary electrons. The energy resolution of the SEE calorimeter was σ/E=(41%)GeV1/2/ E and the response linearity to electromagnetic showers was to within 1.5%. The simulation results were also compared with a traditional scintillator calorimeter.
► In this study, a fuzzy risk assessment model for Hospital Information System (HIS) implementation is improved and applied in a Turkish Hospital. ► The model processes experts’ evaluations defined ...in linguistic forms when there is no sufficient data. ► The model consists of analytic network process (ANP), reality-design gap evaluation and fuzzy inference system. ► The model reveals the relative importance’s of risk factors and design-reality gaps. ► The model can be used for risk prediction and risk management.
There is research which reveals negative effects of IT applications in the healthcare sector on both patients and staff. Therefore, methods are necessary to predict the risk of new healthcare information technology in order to reduce the unintended results of new applications. A new predictive risk assessment model for a hospital information system (HIS) has been developed in this paper to estimate risk before the implementation of new HIS. The methodology consists of analytic network process (ANP), reality-design gap evaluation and fuzzy inference system. An application of the proposed algorithm has been applied for a research and education hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. Risk magnitude of a new HIS implementation for the hospital is found as major with a belief of 100%. The relative importances of risk factors for HIS implementation success are obtained. The most effective factors on the HIS implementation are found as technological factors; usefulness, compatibility, user involvement and ease of use. These factors are followed by organizational factors; training and organizational commitment. The most important individual factor is also found as user’s previous HIS experience. A risk assessment model has been proposed in this paper. The model processes experts’ evaluations defined in linguistic forms when there is no sufficient data and it integrates possible risk factors into the decision-making process of risk assessment. In the model, a reality-design gap analysis is used to determine risk likelihood instead of directly risk evaluation.
In this study, we investigated the impact of chemical etching on the light output and energy resolution of LYSO scintillators using simple, affordable laboratory equipment. We found that etching with ...phosphoric acid at temperatures between 180 °C and 190 °C improved the light output and energy resolution compared to mechanically polished crystals, even after minimal etching times. Our results show that with 7.5 min of chemical etching, the light output increase rate is 45.7%, and the relative energy resolution improvement is 12%.
•Light output and energy resolution measured for different surface treatments of LYSO scintillators.•A low-cost chemical polishing setup presented, in which multiple scintillators can be polished simultaneously.•Optimum etching time for ideal surface condition determined.
Abstract
A clustering algorithm based on the jet (cascade of
particles descendant from a single particle due to hadronization)
algorithms used in High Energy Physics is presented for
identification ...of neutron cross-talk events in neutron detector
arrays with one layer by defining a temporal distance function,
instead of transverse energy. Detector simulations on an array of
neutron detectors show a significant improvement when compared with
neighbor rejection technique and the method of gating with
time-of-flight difference.
American Medical Institute reports that each year, because of the medical error, minimum fifty thousand people are dead. For a safety and quality medical system, it is important that information ...systems are used in health care systems. Health information applications help us to reduce the human error and to support patient care systems. Recently, it is reported that medical information systems applications have also some negative effect on all medical integral elements. The cost of health care information systems is about 4.6% of the total cost. In this paper, it is tried a risk determination model according to principles of fuzzy logic. The improvement of health care systems has become a very popular topic in Turkey recent years. Using necessary information system; it became possible to care patients in a safer way. However, using the necessary HIS tools to manage of administrative and clinical processes at hospitals became more important than before. For example; clinical work flows and communication among pharmacists, nurses and physicians are still not enough investigated. We use fuzzy modeling as a research strategy and developed sum fuzzy membership functions to minimize human error. In application in Turkey the results are significantly related with each other. Besides, the sign differences in health care information systems strongly effects of risk magnitude. The obtained results are discussed and some comments are added.
ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is the heavy-ion detector designed to study the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark-gluon plasma at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). A ...flexible, large bandwidth Data Acquisition System (DAQ) has been designed and deployed to collect sufficient statistics in the short running time foreseen per year for heavy ions and to accommodate very different requirements originated from the 18 sub-detectors. The Data Acquisition and Test Environment (DATE) is the software framework handling the data from the detector electronics up to the mass storage. This paper reviews the DAQ software and hardware architecture, including the latest features of the final design, such as the handling of the numerous calibration procedures in a common framework. We also discuss the large scale tests conducted on the real hardware to assess the standalone DAQ performances, its interfaces with the other online systems and the extensive commissioning performed in order to be ready for cosmics data taking scheduled to start in November 2007. The test protocols followed to integrate and validate each sub-detector with DAQ and Trigger hardware synchronized by the Experiment Control System are described. Finally, we give an overview of the experiment logbook, and some operational aspects of the deployment of our computing facilities. The implementation of a Transient Data Storage able to cope with the 1.25 GB/s recorded by the event-building machines and the data quality monitoring framework are covered in separate papers.
We investigated the darkening of two high
OH
-
content quartz fibres irradiated with 24
GeV protons at the Cern PS facility IRRAD. The two tested fibres have a 0.6
mm quartz core diameter, one with ...hard plastic cladding (qp) and the other with quartz cladding (qq). These fibres were exposed at about 1.25
Grad in 3 weeks. The fibres became opaque below 380
nm and in the range 580–650
nm. The darkening under irradiation and damage recovery after irradiation as a function of dose and time are similar to what we observed with electrons. The typical attenuation at 455
nm are
1.44
±
0.22
and
2.20
±
0.15
dB
/
m
at 100
Mrad for qp and qq fibres, respectively. The maximum damage recovery is also observed near this wavelength.
Due to an expected increase in radiation damage under super-LHC conditions, we propose to substitute the scintillator tiles in the original design of the CMS hadronic endcap (HE) calorimeter with ...quartz plates. Quartz is proved to be radiation hard by various tests, but the light produced by quartz comes from Cerenkov process, and it is 100 times less than scintillation photons. To enhance the light production we treated the quartz plates with p-Terphenyl, and constructed a 20 layers calorimeter prototype. Here, we report the test beam results for hadronic and electromagnetic capabilities of the calorimeter prototype as well as radiation damage results for p-Terphenyl.
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