Environmentally friendly products are the need of the hour, particularly in this pandemic situation because synthetic products need such toxic chemicals for their formulation and finishing which are ...carcinogenic for the globe. The current study is the utilization of waste black tea leaf (BT)–based tannin brown natural colorant for silk dyeing using microwave treatment. Dye (tannin) has been isolated in various media before and after microwave treatment up to 6 min and applied at various conditions. It has been found that 30 mL of aqueous extract of 3.0
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H obtained from 6.0 g of powder containing 3.0 g/100 mL of salt as an exhausting agent after microwave treatment for 5 min, when employed at 55 °C for 45 min, has given good color yield onto silk. Iron (3%) and acacia extract (2%) as pre-chemical and bio mordant, iron (2%) and pomegranate extract (2%) as post chemical and bio-mordant, and Al (3 %) and pomegranate extract (3%) as meta chemical and bio-mordant have given new shades with good to excellent fastness ratings. It is inferred that waste black tea leaves (BTs) in an aqueous medium have an excellent potential to serve as a source of natural tannin brown dye for the coloration of surface-modified silk fabrics under the influence of cost, energy, and time-effective microwave treatment. Additionally, the utilization of a low amount of sustainable chemical and bio-mordants has valorized the dyeing of silk by developing soothing and sustainable shades with good fastness properties.
Graphical abstract
The textile industry is one of the most complex sectors, in terms of the materials and chemical processes used from petroleum and the environmental degradation during its production and disposal. It ...is therefore a sector looking for new possibilities and for more sustainable materials and applications. One option is to use natural dyes, as they are considered biodegradable, do not pollute the environment, and have potential use for many sectors, including the fashion industry. In this study, Alanya silk was dyed by a natural dyeing method with crocus sativus, Helichrysum arenarium, and Glycyrrhiza glabra L., plants that grow in and around the Alanya region. Quercus aegilops L. grown in the region was preferred as mordant, a natural binder, and is one of the plants with the highest tannin content, and it was used with a more environmentally friendly and sustainable approach to increase the binding in natural dyeing instead of chemical mordants. The aim is to provide an environmental and scientific contribution to the dyeing producers in this region. According to the MAUT (Multi-Attribute Utility Theory) method, the best dyes in terms of fastness and color efficiency were determined as the dyes made with the Glycyrrhiza glabra L. plant.
Natural dyes have grown in popularity due to their eco-friendliness. They can be used as a substitute for synthetic dyes to minimize environmental pollution. This research investigates the natural ...colouring behaviour of haar singhar flower (HSF) extract in cotton dyeing. Colorant was extracted under various conditions utilizing various extraction mediums such as aqueous, basic, and acidic. On cotton, it was discovered that applying 55 mL of aqueous extract containing 1.5 g/100 mL sodium chloride for 40 minutes at 70 °C yielded the best colour output. A new hue with good colour fastness was developed utilizing chemical and bio-mordants. The existence of nyctanthin as a colouring agent in haar singhar flowers was discovered through FTIR analysis of the extract. The CIE Lab system revealed that using 2 g/100 mL of pistachio shell as a bio-mordant resulted in good quality reddish yellow hues. It was discovered that ultrasonic radiations have a high potential for isolating colourants and dyeing cotton fabric under decreased conditions of temperature, time and volume. The application of biomordants has made the procedure greener, more efficient, and safer.
Although natural fibers used to be colored with natural dyes, today they have been replaced by chemical dyes and our cultural values have been abandoned. Metal salts harm both the nature and the ...human beings more than synthetic dyes do. This study examines the effects of both natural and chemical mordants on dyeing as well as the use of natural dye obtained from Sambucus Ebulus L. plant for dyeing Hemp fabric. In this study 100% hemp fabric was dyed with 15 different concentrations of 3 different mordant substances one of which was natural. Lightfastness and washing features of dyed hemp samples were done then color differences and color efficiency calculated by CIE L*a*b color space system were compared. For the optimization of dyeing parameters Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) method was used. Being one of the multi-criteria decision-making methods, GRA is the alternative and the most effective approach that can be employed in case of insufficient or discrete information, too much data, and vagueness. Experimental results show that the use of the natural mordant in dyeing the hemp fabric with Sambucus Ebulus L. plant gives better results in terms of color difference and color efficiency.
While the coloring of textiles was done with natural dyes in history, today it has been completely replaced by chemical dyes and our cultural values have begun to be abandoned. For this reason, ...various studies are carried out in order to revitalize natural dyeing and to increase its preference. Turkey's flora is rich in terms of plant diversity, thus it makes it easier to facilitate studies related to natural dyeing. We can count the olive tree that has an important place in this diversity and it grows in many regions of our country. In this research, the usability of the natural dye obtained from the leaves of the olive tree, which is very widespread in the world, in cotton fabrics woven with handmade yarns was investigated. In this study, Eflani fabric, woven from 100% cotton yarn with olive leaves, was dyed with a total of 3 different mordant materials of 5 different concentrations. The light and wash fastnesses of the dyed samples were made and the color differences and color efficiencies were calculated and compared using the CIE L * a * b color space system. Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) Method was used for the optimization of dyeing parameters. GRA, which is one of the multi-criteria decision making methods, is an effective method that can be used in situations where there are more or less information and multiple criteria and decision making are complex. There are a total of 9 criteria to decide on the best dyeing together with the fading and staining process obtained from washing damage and with the fading value obtained from lightfastness and color yield. Thanks to the GRA method applied, the evaluation made according to 9 criteria gives us the optimum result. In this experimental study, the effects of 3 different mordant substances and mixtures used in dyeing cotton fabric with olive leaves on color difference and color efficiency were investigated, and it showed that the dyeing with citric acid mordant and using 10% mordant, which is the highest concentration, gave the best fastness values.
This research investigates the viability of using Syzygium aromaticum (clove) as a natural dye for wool yarn through the application of microwave treatment and optimization using central composite ...design (CCD). As concerns grow over the environmental impact of synthetic dyes and their detrimental disposal in water bodies, the search for eco-friendly alternatives becomes imperative to revolutionize the textile industry. Microwave-assisted extraction of the colorant from clove powder is explored as an efficient and sustainable method, minimizing solvent usage and energy consumption compared to conventional techniques. To enhance colorfastness properties while eliminating the need for toxic mordants, green alternatives such as Al, Fe, and tannic acid, combined with plant phenolics from red sumac, pomegranate rind, and weld, are employed. According to the analysis of CCD, the higher color strength value 18.1653 was achieved using pH = 3, time = 50 min, temperature = 70 °C, and salt concentration = 1.5 g/100 mL. The optimized dyeing conditions also showed a maximum level of colorfastness properties of 5 for light, 5 for wash, 5 for dry rubbing, and 4 for wet rubbing. The findings from Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy analyses provide valuable insights into the chemical and morphological changes induced by microwave treatment and dyeing with clove extract. The results affirm the presence of eugenol as a potential active molecule responsible for the captivating color of clove flower buds, validating its suitability as a natural dye source for wool. This study highlights the promising potential of microwave-assisted extraction and plant-based biomolecules as innovative and environmentally friendly approaches in natural dyeing, paving the way for a more sustainable future in the textile industry. Embracing these eco-friendly practices allows the textile sector to reduce its ecological footprint and contribute to a cleaner and greener environment. Further research and implementation of these techniques can foster a more harmonious coexistence with nature, ensuring a healthier ecosystem for all.
The recent pandemic scenario has caused demand for green products that have medicinal aspects, as well as greener approaches for global health. Natural dye from plants, particularly from harmal ...seeds, is an excellent alternative to carcinogenic yellow synthetic dyes. The current study has been conducted to isolate natural colorants from harmal seeds in methanolic medium through Gamma-Assisted Extraction (GAE). The dyeing variables that are necessary for shade development before and after mordanting were selected. It has been found that 6 kGy is the optimal absorbed dose for extraction of colorant from 6 g of powder to isolate the colorant in the methanolic medium through the Gamma-irradiated extraction mode (GAE). To get excellent results, 30 mL of methanolic extract containing 6 g/100 mL of Glauber salt was sued for dyeing of irradiated wool at 45 °C for 65 min. For improving the color strength and acceptable rating of fastness, 9% of henna, 3% of acacia, 10% of turmeric, and 7% of pomegranate extracts as pre-bio-mordants as well as 7% of acacia, 3% of pomegranate, 9% of henna, and 10% of turmeric extracts as post-mordants have given high results compared to when chemical mordants have been used. It was concluded that Gamma-ray treatment has excellent color strength in the dyeing of bio-mordanted wool using harmal seed extracts under mild conditions, and has good fastness ratings after using chemical and bio-mordanting methods as well.
Environment-friendly textile processing is the demand of the current global scenario, where the application of sustainable technologies such as microwave radiation has been gaining fame in all global ...fields due to their green and human-friendly nature. This study has been conducted to employ sustainable technology such as microwave (MW) rays for dyeing polyamide-based proteinous fabric using Acid Blue 07 dye. The fabric before and after MW treatment for up to 10 min has been dyed using an acid dye solution. Spectrophotometric analysis of the dye solution was performed before and after irradiation at a specific selected level. Using selected dyes and irradiation conditions, a series of 32 experiments using a central composite design has been employed. The shades made at selected conditions of irradiation and dyeing were assessed for colorfastness as per ISO standards. It was observed that for dyeing silk, 55 mL of Acid Blue 07 dye solution containing 1 g/100 mL salt solution at 65 °C for 55 min should be employed after MW treatment for 10 min. In comparison, for dyeing wool, 55 mL of Acid Blue 07 dye solution containing 2 g/100 mL salt solution at 65 °C for 55 min should be employed after MW treatment for 10 min. Physiochemical analysis shows that sustainable tool has not altered the chemical nature of fabric but has modified the fabric surface physically to enhance uptake ability. Colorfastness shows that the shades made have offered good resistance to fade and have given good to excellent ratings on the gray scale.
Green products such as plant pigments in all filed are gaining fame globally due to their excellent ayurvedic and biological characteristics. In this study, microwave rays have been employed for the ...isolation of colorants from Anar Phali while bio-mordant have been included to get color-fast shades. The colorant was isolated in an acidic medium before and after microwave rays for 2 min. For getting darker shades with different tints, sustainable chemical and plant-based extracts as bio-mordant have been employed before and after bio coloration of wool yarn at given conditions. CIE Lab system computed in Colori-spectrophotometer (CS-410) was used to observe the change in color depth and tonal variation of dyed fabrics, and ISO standard methods have been employed to rate the colorfastness to light, washing, and rubbing at grey scale. It is concluded that microwave rays have an excellent sustainable efficacy to isolate colorant from Anar Phali powder for wool dyeing, whereas the addition of bio-mordants has made the process more sustainable and eco-friendly.
Purpose
This study aims to observe the coloring efficacy of coffee-based natural brown colorant for cotton dyeing under microwave (MW) treatment.
Design/methodology/approach
The colorant extracted in ...particular (neutral and acidic) media was stimulated by MW treatment up to 6 min. Dyeing variables were optimized and 2–10 g/100 mL of sustainable anchors (mordants) have been used to get colorfast shades.
Findings
It has been found that un-irradiated acidic extract (RE) containing 5% of table salt at 80 °C for 50 min has given high color yield onto MW-irradiated cotton fabric (RC = 2 min). The utilization of 2% of Fe, 10% of tannic acid and 10% of sodium potassium tartrate before bio-coloration, whereas 4% of Fe, 10% of tannic acid and 6% of sodium potassium tartrate after bio-coloration has given good color characteristics. In comparison the application of 6% of pomegranate and turmeric extracts before bio-coloration and 6% of pomegranate and 10% of turmeric extracts after bio-coloration have given good color characteristics. New bio-mordants can be added to get more new colorfast shades.
Research limitations/implications
There is no research limitation for this work. New bio-mordants can be added to get more new colorfast shades.
Practical implications
This work has practical application for artisans, textile industry and handicrafts. It is concluded that colorant from coffee beans can be possible alternative of synthetic brown dyes and inclusion of MW rays for extraction and plant molecules as shade developers can make process more green.
Social implications
Socially, it has good impact on eco-system and global community because the effluent load is not carcinogenic in nature.
Originality/value
The work is original and contains value-added product for textiles and other allied fields.
