A
bstract
We present a state-of-the-art computation for the production of dijets in proton-proton and proton-lead collisions at the LHC, in forward rapidity domains covered by the ATLAS calorimeter ...and the planned FoCal extension of the ALICE detector. We use the small-
x
improved TMD (ITMD) formalism, together with collinearly improved TMD gluon distributions and full
b
-space Sudakov resummation, and discuss nonperturbative corrections due to hadronization and showers using the Pythia event generator. We observe that the production of forward dijets in proton-nucleus collisions at moderately low
p
T
is an excellent probe of saturation effects, and demonstrate that the Sudakov resummation does not alter the suppression of the cross section.
Intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired weakness is a frequent complication of critical illness. It is unclear whether it is a marker or mediator of poor outcomes.
To determine acute outcomes, 1-year ...mortality, and costs of ICU-acquired weakness among long-stay (≥8 d) ICU patients and to assess the impact of recovery of weakness at ICU discharge.
Data were prospectively collected during a randomized controlled trial. Impact of weakness on outcomes and costs was analyzed with a one-to-one propensity-score-matching for baseline characteristics, illness severity, and risk factor exposure before assessment. Among weak patients, impact of persistent weakness at ICU discharge on risk of death after 1 year was examined with multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis.
A total of 78.6% were admitted to the surgical ICU; 227 of 415 (55%) long-stay assessable ICU patients were weak; 122 weak patients were matched to 122 not-weak patients. As compared with matched not-weak patients, weak patients had a lower likelihood for live weaning from mechanical ventilation (hazard ratio HR, 0.709 0.549-0.888; P = 0.009), live ICU (HR, 0.698 0.553-0.861; P = 0.008) and hospital discharge (HR, 0.680 0.514-0.871; P = 0.007). In-hospital costs per patient (+30.5%, +5,443 Euro per patient; P = 0.04) and 1-year mortality (30.6% vs. 17.2%; P = 0.015) were also higher. The 105 of 227 (46%) weak patients not matchable to not-weak patients had even worse prognosis and higher costs. The 1-year risk of death was further increased if weakness persisted and was more severe as compared with recovery of weakness at ICU discharge (P < 0.001).
After careful matching the data suggest that ICU-acquired weakness worsens acute morbidity and increases healthcare-related costs and 1-year mortality. Persistence and severity of weakness at ICU discharge further increased 1-year mortality. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 00512122).
We study 3-jet event topologies in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of
s
=
13
TeV
in a configuration, where one jet is present in the central pseudorapidity region (
|
η
|
<
2.0
) ...while two other jets are in a more forward (same hemisphere) area (
|
η
|
>
2.0
). We compare various parton level predictions using: collinear factorisation,
k
T
-factorisation with fully off-shell matrix elements and the hybrid framework. We study the influence of different parton distribution functions, initial state radiation, final state radiation, and hadronisation. We focus on differential cross sections as a function of azimuthal angle difference between the leading dijet system and the third jet, which is found to have excellent sensitivity to the physical effects under study.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
To collect information on the use of the Reveal implantable loop recorder (ILR) in the patient care pathway and to investigate its effectiveness in the diagnosis of unexplained recurrent syncope in ...everyday clinical practice.
Prospective, multicentre, observational study conducted in 2006-2009 in 10 European countries and Israel. Eligible patients had recurrent unexplained syncope or pre-syncope. Subjects received a Reveal Plus, DX or XT. Follow up was until the first recurrence of a syncopal event leading to a diagnosis or for ≥1 year. In the course of the study, patients were evaluated by an average of three different specialists for management of their syncope and underwent a median of 13 tests (range 9-20). Significant physical trauma had been experienced in association with a syncopal episode by 36% of patients. Average follow-up time after ILR implant was 10±6 months. Follow-up visit data were available for 570 subjects. The percentages of patients with recurrence of syncope were 19, 26, and 36% after 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. Of 218 events within the study, ILR-guided diagnosis was obtained in 170 cases (78%), of which 128 (75%) were cardiac.
A large number of diagnostic tests were undertaken in patients with unexplained syncope without providing conclusive data. In contrast, the ILR revealed or contributed to establishing the mechanism of syncope in the vast majority of patients. The findings support the recommendation in current guidelines that an ILR should be implanted early rather than late in the evaluation of unexplained syncope.
Fibrosis of the filtering bleb is one of the main causes of failure after bleb-forming glaucoma surgery. Intraoperative application of mitomycin C (MMC) is the current gold standard to reduce the ...fibrotic response. However, MMC is cytotoxic and one-time application is often insufficient. A sustained-release drug delivery system (DDS), loaded with MMC, may be less cytotoxic and equally or more effective. Two degradable (polycaprolactone (PCL) and polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)) MMC-loaded DDSs are developed. Release kinetics are first assessed in vitro followed by rabbit implants in conjunction with the PRESERFLO MicroShunt. As a control, the MicroShunt is implanted with adjunctive use of a MMC solution. Rabbits are euthanized at postoperative day (POD) 28 and 90. The PLGA and PCL DDSs release (on average) 99% and 75% of MMC, respectively. All groups show functioning blebs until POD 90. Rabbits implanted with a DDS show more inflammation with avascular thin-walled blebs when compared to the control. However, collagen is more loosely arranged. The PLGA DDS shows less inflammation, less foreign body response (FBR), and more complete degradation at POD 90 when compared to the PCL DDS. Further optimization with regard to dosage is required to reduce side effects to the conjunctiva.
Electromagnetic fields carry a linear and an angular momentum, the first being responsible for the existence of the radiation pressure and the second for the transfer of torque from electromagnetic ...radiation to matter. The angular momentum is considered to have two components, one due to the polarization state of the field, usually called spin angular momentum (SAM), and one due to the existence of topological azimuthal charges in the field phase profile, which leads to the orbital angular momentum (OAM). These two contributions to the total angular momentum of an electromagnetic field appear, however, to not be independent of each other, something which is described as spin-orbit coupling. Understanding the physics of this coupling has kept scientists busy for decades. Very recently it has been shown that electromagnetic fields necessarily carry also invariant radial charges that, as discussed in this Letter, play a key role in the angular momentum. Here we show that the total angular momentum consists in fact of three components: one component only dependent on the spin of the field, another dependent on the azimuthal charges carried by the field, and a third component dependent on the spin and the radial charges contained in the field. By properly controlling the number and coupling among these radial charges it is possible to design electromagnetic fields with a desired total angular momentum. Remarkably, we also discover fields with no orbital angular momentum and a spin angular momentum typical of spin-3/2 objects, irrespective of the fact that photons are spin-1 particles.
Please cite this paper as: Oostdam N, van Poppel M, Wouters M, Eekhoff E, Bekedam D, Kuchenbecker W, Quartero H, Heres M, van Mechelen W. No effect of the FitFor2 exercise programme on blood glucose, ...insulin sensitivity, and birthweight in pregnant women who were overweight and at risk for gestational diabetes: results of a randomised controlled trial. BJOG 2012;119:1098–1107.
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of an exercise programme for pregnant women who were overweight or obese and at risk for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
Design Randomised controlled trial.
Setting Hospitals and midwifery practices in the Netherlands.
Population Pregnant women who were overweight or obese and at risk for GDM between 2007 and 2011.
Methods Normal care was compared with an exercise training programme during pregnancy. The training consisted of aerobic and strength exercises, and was aimed at improving maternal fasting blood glucose, insulin sensitivity, and birthweight. Linear regression analyses were performed to determine the effects.
Main outcome measures Maternal outcome measures were fasting blood glucose (mmol/l), fasting insulin (pmol/l) and HbA1c (%), body weight (kg), body mass index (kg/m2), and daily physical activity (minute/week). Offspring outcome measures were birthweight and fetal growth.
Results A total of 121 women were randomly allocated to either a control (n = 59) or an intervention (n = 62) group. Intention‐to‐treat analysis showed that the exercise programme did not reduce maternal fasting blood glucose levels nor insulin sensitivity. Also, no effect was found on birthweight.
Conclusions The exercise intervention performed over the second and third trimester of pregnancy had no effects on fasting blood glucose, insulin sensitivity, and birthweight, most probably because of low compliance. The high prevalence of women at risk for GDM calls for further research on possible interventions that can prevent GDM, and other types of interventions to engage this target group in physical activity and exercise.
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of an integrated care programme, combining a patient directed and a workplace directed intervention, for patients with chronic low back pain.Design Population ...based randomised controlled trial.Setting Primary care (10 physiotherapy practices, one occupational health service, one occupational therapy practice) and secondary care (five hospitals).Participants 134 adults aged 18-65 sick listed for at least 12 weeks owing to low back pain.Intervention Patients were randomly assigned to usual care (n=68) or integrated care (n=66). Integrated care consisted of a workplace intervention based on participatory ergonomics, involving a supervisor, and a graded activity programme based on cognitive behavioural principles.Main outcome measures The primary outcome was the duration of time off work (work disability) due to low back pain until full sustainable return to work. Secondary outcome measures were intensity of pain and functional status.Results The median duration until sustainable return to work was 88 days in the integrated care group compared with 208 days in the usual care group (P=0.003). Integrated care was effective on return to work (hazard ratio 1.9, 95% confidence interval 1.2 to 2.8, P=0.004). After 12 months, patients in the integrated care group improved significantly more on functional status compared with patients in the usual care group (P=0.01). Improvement of pain between the groups did not differ significantly.Conclusion The integrated care programme substantially reduced disability due to chronic low back pain in private and working life.Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN28478651.
Reducing sitting time as well as increasing physical activity in inactive people is beneficial for their health. This paper investigates the effectiveness of the European Fans in Training (EuroFIT) ...programme to improve physical activity and sedentary time in male football fans, delivered through the professional football setting.
A total of 1,113 men aged 30-65 with self-reported body mass index (BMI) ≥27 kg/m2 took part in a randomised controlled trial in 15 professional football clubs in England, the Netherlands, Norway, and Portugal. Recruitment was between September 19, 2015, and February 2, 2016. Participants consented to study procedures and provided usable activity monitor baseline data. They were randomised, stratified by club, to either the EuroFIT intervention or a 12-month waiting list comparison group. Follow-up measurement was post-programme and 12 months after baseline. EuroFIT is a 12-week, group-based programme delivered by coaches in football club stadia in 12 weekly 90-minute sessions. Weekly sessions aimed to improve physical activity, sedentary time, and diet and maintain changes long term. A pocket-worn device (SitFIT) allowed self-monitoring of sedentary time and daily steps, and a game-based app (MatchFIT) encouraged between-session social support. Primary outcome (objectively measured sedentary time and physical activity) measurements were obtained for 83% and 85% of intervention and comparison participants. Intention-to-treat analyses showed a baseline-adjusted mean difference in sedentary time at 12 months of -1.6 minutes/day (97.5% confidence interval CI, -14.3-11.0; p = 0.77) and in step counts of 678 steps/day (97.5% CI, 309-1.048; p < 0.001) in favor of the intervention. There were significant improvements in diet, weight, well-being, self-esteem, vitality, and biomarkers of cardiometabolic health in favor of the intervention group, but not in quality of life. There was a 0.95 probability of EuroFIT being cost-effective compared with the comparison group if society is willing to pay £1.50 per extra step/day, a maximum probability of 0.61 if society is willing to pay £1,800 per minute less sedentary time/day, and 0.13 probability if society is willing to pay £30,000 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY). It was not possible to blind participants to group allocation. Men attracted to the programme already had quite high levels of physical activity at baseline (8,372 steps/day), which may have limited room for improvement. Although participants came from across the socioeconomic spectrum, a majority were well educated and in paid work. There was an increase in recent injuries and in upper and lower joint pain scores post-programme. In addition, although the five-level EuroQoL questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) is now the preferred measure for cost-effectiveness analyses across Europe, baseline scores were high (0.93), suggesting a ceiling effect for QALYs.
Participation in EuroFIT led to improvements in physical activity, diet, body weight, and biomarkers of cardiometabolic health, but not in sedentary time at 12 months. Within-trial analysis suggests it is not cost-effective in the short term for QALYs due to a ceiling effect in quality of life. Nevertheless, decision-makers may consider the incremental cost for increase in steps worth the investment.
International Standard Randomised Controlled Trials, ISRCTN-81935608.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In this study, the incidence and the sex-specific predictors of running-related injury (RRI) among a group of recreational runners training for a 4-mile running event were determined and identified, ...respectively.
Prospective cohort study.
Several potential risk factors were prospectively measured in 629 novice and recreational runners. They were observed during an 8-week training period for any running-related musculoskeletal injuries of the lower limbs and back. A running-related injury was defined as any musculoskeletal pain of the lower limb or back causing a restriction of running for at least 1 day.
At least one RRI was reported by 25.9% of the runners during the 8-week observation period. The incidence of RRI was 30.1 (95% CI 25.4 to 34.7) per 1000 h of running exposure. Multivariate Cox regression showed that male participants were more prone to sustain a RRI than female participants (HR 1.4; 95% CI 1.0 to 2.0). No previous running experience was the most important risk factor in male (HR 2.6; 95% CI 1.2 to 5.5) and female (HR 2.1; 95% CI 1.2 to 3.7) participants.
The incidence of running-related injuries in recreational runners preparing for a 4-mile running event is substantially high. Male and female participants have different risk profiles. Furthermore, the findings suggest that novice runners may benefit the most out of preventive interventions for RRI.
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