We perform a joint analysis of the counts and weak lensing signal of redMaPPer clusters selected from the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Year 1 dataset. Our analysis uses the same shear and source ...photometric redshifts estimates as were used in the DES combined probes analysis. Our analysis results in surprisingly low values for S8 = σ8 (Ωm/0.3)0.5 = 0.65 ± 0.04, driven by a low matter density parameter, Ωm = 0.179+0.031−0.038, with σ8 − Ωm posteriors in 2.4σ tension with the DES Y1 3x2pt results, and in 5.6σ with the Planck CMB analysis. These results include the impact of post-unblinding changes to the analysis, which did not improve the level of consistency with other data sets compared to the results obtained at the unblinding. The fact that multiple cosmological probes (supernovae, baryon acoustic oscillations, cosmic shear, galaxy clustering and CMB anisotropies), and other galaxy cluster analyses all favor significantly higher matter densities suggests the presence of systematic errors in the data or an incomplete modeling of the relevant physics. Cross checks with x-ray and microwave data, as well as independent constraints on the observable-mass relation from Sunyaev-Zeldovich selected clusters, suggest that the discrepancy resides in our modeling of the weak lensing signal rather than the cluster abundance. Repeating our analysis using a higher richness threshold (λ ≥ 30) significantly reduces the tension with other probes, and points to one or more richness-dependent effects not captured by our model.
We present cosmological results from a combined analysis of galaxy clustering and weak gravitational lensing, using 1321 deg2 of griz imaging data from the first year of the Dark Energy Survey (DES ...Y1). We combine three two-point functions: (i) the cosmic shear correlation function of 26 million source galaxies in four redshift bins, (ii) the galaxy angular autocorrelation function of 650,000 luminous red galaxies in five redshift bins, and (iii) the galaxy-shear cross-correlation of luminous red galaxy positions and source galaxy shears. To demonstrate the robustness of these results, we use independent pairs of galaxy shape, photometric-redshift estimation and validation, and likelihood analysis pipelines. To prevent confirmation bias, the bulk of the analysis was carried out while “blind” to the true results; we describe an extensive suite of systematics checks performed and passed during this blinded phase. The data are modeled in flat ΛCDM and wCDM cosmologies, marginalizing over 20 nuisance parameters, varying 6 (for ΛCDM) or 7 (for wCDM) cosmological parameters including the neutrino mass density and including the 457×457 element analytic covariance matrix. We find consistent cosmological results from these three two-point functions and from their combination obtain S8≡σ8(Ωm/0.3)0.5=0.773−0.020+0.026 and Ωm=0.267−0.017+0.030 for ΛCDM; for wCDM, we find S8=0.782−0.024+0.036, Ωm=0.284−0.030+0.033, and w=−0.82−0.20+0.21 at 68% C.L. The precision of these DES Y1 constraints rivals that from the Planck cosmic microwave background measurements, allowing a comparison of structure in the very early and late Universe on equal terms. Although the DES Y1 best-fit values for S8 and Ωm are lower than the central values from Planck for both ΛCDM and wCDM, the Bayes factor indicates that the DES Y1 and Planck data sets are consistent with each other in the context of ΛCDM. Combining DES Y1 with Planck, baryonic acoustic oscillation measurements from SDSS, 6dF, and BOSS and type Ia supernovae from the Joint Lightcurve Analysis data set, we derive very tight constraints on cosmological parameters: S8=0.802±0.012 and Ωm=0.298±0.007 in ΛCDM and w=−1.00−0.04+0.05 in wCDM. Upcoming Dark Energy Survey analyses will provide more stringent tests of the ΛCDM model and extensions such as a time-varying equation of state of dark energy or modified gravity.
Abstract Radioresistance is one of the main determinants of treatment outcome in oral cancer, but the prediction of radioresistance is difficult. The authors aimed to establish radioresistant oral ...squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines to identify genes with altered expression in response to radioresistance. To induce radioresistant cell lines, the authors treated OSCC cell lines with an accumulated dosage of 60 Gy over 30 cycles of radiotherapy. They compared the results from cDNA arrays and proteomics between non-radiated and radioresistant cell lines in order to identify changes in gene expression. Western blot analysis was used to validate the results. The cDNA array revealed 265 commonly up-regulated genes and 268 commonly down-regulated genes in radioresistant cell lines, 30 of which were cancer-related genes. Proteomics identified 51 proteins with commonly altered expression in radioresistant cell lines, 18 of which were cancer-related proteins. Both the cDNA array and proteomics indicated that NM23-H1 and PA2G4 were over-expressed. Western blot analysis showed increased expression of NM23-H1, but not PA2G4, in radioresistant cell lines. The authors concluded that NM23-H1 may be a radioresistance-related gene and over-expression of NM23-H1 could serve as a biomarker to predict radioresistance in OSCC.
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