The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a challenge for ongoing efforts to combat antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacterial infections. As we learn more about COVID-19 disease and drug ...stewardship evolves, there is likely to be a lasting impact of increased use of antimicrobial agents and antibiotics, as well as a lack of consistent access to health care across many populations. Sexually transmitted infections have been underreported during the pandemic and are often caused by some of the most drug-resistant pathogens. In their recent article in
, Parzych et al. (E. M. Parzych, S. Gulati, B. Zheng, M. A. Bah, et al., mBio 12:e00242-21, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00242-21) focus on protection against Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection via
delivery of an antigonococcal DNA-encoded antibody that has been modified for increased complement activation. Nucleic acid approaches are highly adaptable and could be tremendously beneficial for personalized strategies to combat AMR pathogens.
Early reports did not find strong evidence of children as major contributors to SARS-CoV-2 spread, but school closures early in pandemic responses thwarted larger-scale investigations of schools as a ...source of community transmission. As public health systems look to reopen schools and day cares, understanding transmission potential in children will be important to guide public health measures. Here, Heald-Sargent report that replication of SARS-CoV-2 in older children leads to similar levels of viral nucleic acid as adults, but significantly greater amounts of viral nucleic acid are detected in children younger than 5 years.
Researchers are now focusing on the development of edible films made from food by-products to minimize waste. Cheese whey, which is usually drained, is one of those products that are harmful to the ...environment. However, several evidence has shown the potential of whey proteins, particularly lactoferrin, as a value-added product.
The present review is therefore written with the aim of highlighting the potential of bioactive proteins and peptides as an antimicrobial agent in edible films.
Some bioactive proteins and peptides from cheese whey, such as lactoferrin, have a wide range of antimicrobial effects that can be incorporated into the edible film composite to increase the shelf-life of food products. Edible film composite can also be an alternative way of reducing plastic waste on the basis of its biodegradable characteristics. Various edible film composites used may prolong the shelf-life of food products with their endurance in the direction of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and steam transmission.
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•Various components of food film composites have been explored.•Concentrating on sustainable solution for plastic and whey protein waste reduction.•Lactoferrin, whey protein, has been focused for antimicrobial activity.•The effect of adding antimicrobial agents has been highlighted on active packaging.
Chronic myeloid leukemia is increasingly viewed as a chronic illness; most patients have a life expectancy close to that of the general population. Despite progress made using BCR-ABL1 tyrosine ...kinase inhibitors (TKIs), drug resistance via BCR-ABL1-dependent and BCR-ABL1-independent mechanisms continues to be an issue. BCR-ABL1-dependent resistance is primarily mediated through oncoprotein kinase domain mutations and usually results in overt resistance to TKIs. However, BCR-ABL1-independent resistance in the setting of effective BCR-ABL1 inhibition is recognized as a major contributor to minimal residual disease. Efforts to eradicate persistent leukemic stem cells have focused on combination therapy.
Hydrophobic voids within titanium silicates have long been considered necessary to achieve high rates and selectivities for alkene epoxidations with H2O2. The catalytic consequences of silanol groups ...and their stabilization of hydrogen-bonded networks of water (H2O), however, have not been demonstrated in ways that lead to a clear understanding of their importance. We compare turnover rates for 1-octene epoxidation and H2O2 decomposition over a series of Ti-substituted zeolite *BEA (Ti-BEA) that encompasses a wide range of densities of silanol nests ((SiOH)4). The most hydrophilic Ti-BEA gives epoxidation turnover rates that are 100 times larger than those in defect-free Ti-BEA, yet rates of H2O2 decomposition are similar for all (SiOH)4 densities. These differences cause the most hydrophilic Ti-BEA to also give the highest selectivities, which defies conventional wisdom. Spectroscopic, thermodynamic, and kinetic evidence indicate that these catalytic differences are not due to changes in the electronic affinity of the active site, the electronic structure of Ti–OOH intermediates, or the mechanism for epoxidation. Comparisons of apparent activation enthalpies and entropies show that differences in epoxidation rates and selectivities reflect favorable entropy gains produced when epoxidation transition states disrupt hydrogen-bonded H2O clusters anchored to (SiOH)4 near active sites. Transition states for H2O2 decomposition hydrogen bond with H2O in ways similar to Ti–OOH reactive species, such that decomposition becomes insensitive to the presence of (SiOH)4. Collectively, these findings clarify how molecular interactions between reactive species, hydrogen-bonded solvent networks, and polar surfaces can influence rates and selectivities for epoxidation (and other reactions) in zeolite catalysts.
Guar galactomannan was enzymatically hydrolyzed to obtain partially hydrolyzed guar gum which can be utilized as prebiotic source. In present study, growth of probiotics (Lactic Acid Bacteria ...strains) were studied with glucose, partially hydrolyzed guar gum and native guar gum. All the six strains were galactose &/or mannose positive using the API CHl 50 test. Almost all these strains showed an ability to assimilate partially hydrolyzed guar gum with respect to increase in optical density and viable cell count with concomitant decrease in the pH of the growth medium. Streptococcus thermophilus MD2 exhibited higher growth (7.78 log cfu/ml) while P. parvulus AI1 showed comparatively less growth (7.24 log cfu/ml) as compared to used lactobacillus and Weissella strains. Outcomes of the current study suggest that partially hydrolyzed guar can be considered as potential prebiotic compound that may further stimulate the growth of potentially probiotic bacteria or native gut microflora.
•Partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) via enzymatic hydrolysis was prepared.•Viscosity and molecular weight of native guar gum and PHGG was determined.•Growth of probiotic strains was studied in control, guar gum and PHGG.•PHGG can be considered as a potential prebiotic source.
Quantum theory of dark matter scattering Kamada, Ayuki; Kuwahara, Takumi; Patel, Ami
The journal of high energy physics,
11/2023, Letnik:
2023, Številka:
11
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
A
bstract
Dark matter self-scattering is one of key ingredients for small-scale structure of the Universe, while dark matter annihilation is important for the indirect measurements. There is a strong ...correlation between the velocity-dependent self-scattering cross section and the Sommerfeld enhancement factor for the dark matter annihilation cross section. In this study, we formulate a direct relation between them by the use of Watson’s (initial state/final state) theorem and Omnès solution, and our formulation reproduces the Sommerfeld enhancement factor, which directly computed by solving the Schrödinger equation, from the scattering phase shift.
Access to palliative care clinicians is a limited resource. Expanding the reach of existing palliative care expertise by utilizing virtual care is one strategy to reach areas that lack access. We ...delivered virtual services through a centralized hub across multiple health settings and tracked outcomes.
Through a centralized virtual palliative care hub based in an urban academic health center, access to specialty palliative care was offered across homes, critical access hospitals (CAHs), and extended care facilities (ECFs) in the state of Indiana. Webpage-based platforms were used, and hardware included a cart on wheels for rural hospital sites. Data specific to palliative care were monitored for each encounter.
Over one year, 372 patients were seen for virtual palliative care consultations, of whom 275 (73.9%) were seen in the outpatient setting (where the patient was at home or in an ECF) and 97 (26.1%) were inpatient visits performed in CAHs. Visits occurred with patients from almost all counties in Indiana. Advance directives were established for 286 (76.9%) patients seen, and 107 (28.8%) patients were referred to hospice.
Specialty palliative care is a limited resource that has been further constrained by the COVID-19 pandemic. Our experience demonstrates that centralized virtual hub-based palliative care can be leveraged to provide effective, patient-centered, and compassionate care in regions without a specialist and has the potential to improve access to specialty palliative care.
The Src-family kinases (SFKs), an intracellularly located group of non-receptor tyrosine kinases are involved in oncogenesis. The importance of SFKs has been implicated in the promotion of tumor cell ...motility, proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis, invasion and metastasis. Recent evidences indicate that specific effects of SFKs on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as well as on endothelial and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment can have profound effects on tumor microinvasion and metastasis. Although, having been studied extensively, these novel features of SFKs may contribute to greater understanding of benefits from Src inhibition in various types of cancers. Here we review the novel role of SFKs, particularly c-Src in mediating EMT, modulation of tumor endothelial-barrier, transendothelial migration (microinvasion) and metastasis of cancer cells, and discuss the utility of Src inhibitors in vascular normalization and cancer therapy.
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