V članku skušava z analizo podatkov SJM iz dveh časovnih obdobij, 2011 in 2020, ugotoviti, kako je odnos do okoljskih vprašanj povezan s subjektivnim blagostanjem/zadovoljstvom z življenjem. Analize ...podatkov SJM v omenjenem obdobju nakazujejo, da se ljudje okoljske problematike zavedamo, vendar ta vprašanja zaznavamo kot abstraktna, »nekje drugje«, zato se nam zdijo za oceno zadovoljstva s svojim življenjem manj pomembna kakor konkretna življenjska vprašanja, kot je zdravje ali materialno stanje. Ugotovitve komentirava v kontekstu teorije sestavljenih ravni in tudi okoljskih težav v letih 2022 in 2023, ko so nas pestile vročina, suša in poplave, ki utegnejo to zaznavanje spremeniti. Ključni pojmi: blagostanje, ekosistemske storitve, okoljska psihologija, podnebne spremembe, pozitivna psihologija, teorija sestavljenih ravni
The aim of the present study was to investigate which affective component guides cognitive processing of emotional facial expressions. According to the threat hypothesis, processing of angry faces is ...prioritized by the human cognitive system, because rapid detection of threat has a large adaptive value. The negativity hypothesis presumes that distressing emotional experiences of other people attract attention, regardless of whether they represent danger or not. The emotionality hypothesis proposes that positive emotional facial expressions can capture attention as effective as negative ones, while the happy face superiority hypothesis predicts that happy faces are prioritized. In the present study, which was conducted on 24 participants, change detection paradigm was used, because that procedure enables insight into the later stage of information processing. The results obtained show that happy facial expressions are heavily prioritized by the human cognitive system. In explanation of these results, that clearly support the happy face superiority hypothesis, we propose that angry expressions are initially prioritized by our cognitive system, because we benefit from early detection of potential threat in the environment, but in later cognitive processing, happy expressions are given the priority, because smiling is a valuable mechanism for forming and maintaining cooperative relationships. Besides the theoretical relevance, the present study is also valuable methodologically, because we demonstrated that change detection paradigm can be efficiently used for the research of emotional facial expressions processing. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
Almost by definition decision-making is typical human activity, and therefore important psychological subject. The starting point of its classical conception within psychology could be traced back to ...economy and mathematic, with ideas of human as rational economic being, and conceptualising decision making as choice between two or more alternatives, and as such being a separate event in space and time. Already in fifties Herbert Simon challenged such a view with his concept of bounded rationality, emerging from the joint effect of internal limitations of the human mind, and the structure of external environments in which the mind operates. During the last decades with the shift to the real word situations where decisions are embedded in larger tasks, becoming so part of the study of action, the lost rational human appeared again as efficient creature in the complex environment. Gigerenzer showed how heuristics help in this process.
Fizično okolje je samo sredstvo, posrednik ali kraj uresničevanja medčloveških odnosov. To je še najbolj očitno, kadar gre za nevarnosti, s katerimi se ljudje v okolju soočajo. Vse, od hujših ali ...blažjih nesreč do vandalizmov in kriminala, se kaže v celotnem človeškem vedenju, vse od zadovoljevanja osnovnih potreb pa do osmišljanja stvarnosti. V prispevku je prikazan razpon razmišljanj od nesreč in nevarnosti v mestnem okolju, ki prizadanejo največje število ljudi do manj nevarnih, vendar za posameznika neprijetnih dejanj.
The physical environment is only a tool, a medium or a place enabling human interrelations to develop. This is perhaps the most evident in cases of dangers people confront within an environment. ...Everything from disasters and minor incidents to vandalism and crime is reflected in human behaviour, from satisfying our basic needs all the way to discerning the sense of reality. The article presents an array of reflections from accidents and dangers in an urban environment that can hurt the largest number of people, to less dangerous, but unpleasant acts for an individual.
The article addresses the concept of landscape identity considered from a new perspective – a perspective of five fundamental human senses: sight, hearing, smell, touch and taste. Landscape identity ...is mostly understood as a phenomenon based on its distinguishable visual characteristics. However, human environment is a multisensory medium, rich in information from all fields of perception. Equally, a man is a multisensory being and experiences his environment with multiple senses. The underlying assumption is that human identification with places does not only arise from the interaction with their visual, but also with their auditory, olfactory, tactile, and even gustatory properties. As a research area, the Dalmatia region in Croatia has been chosen. By the content analysis method, applied on samples of lyric poems and promotional (mostly tourist) materials, the aim was to examine what features, visual and non-visual, the social conception of Dalmatian landscape is based on. The results show that landscape identity of Dalmatia, in terms of sensory perception, is rather diverse. Understanding landscape identity as a sensory multidimensional phenomenon opens many new questions and possibilities in the field of landscape theory and practice.
The aim of the present study was to investigate which affective component guides cognitive processing of emotional facial expressions. According to the threat hypothesis, processing of angry faces is ...prioritized by the human cognitive system, because rapid detection of threat has a large adaptive value. The negativity hypothesis presumes that distressing emotional experiences of other people attract attention, regardless of whether they represent danger or not. The emotionality hypothesis proposes that positive emotional facial expressions can capture attention as effective as negative ones, while the happy face superiority hypothesis predicts that happy faces are prioritized. In the present study, which was conducted on 24 participants, change detection paradigm was used, because that procedure enables insight into the later stage of information processing. The results obtained show that happy facial expressions are heavily prioritized by the human cognitive system. In explanation of these results, that clearly support the happy face superiority hypothesis, we propose that angry expressions are initially prioritized by our cognitive system, because we benefit from early detection of potential threat in the environment, but in later cognitive processing, happy expressions are given the priority, because smiling is a valuable mechanism for forming and maintaining cooperative relationships. Besides the theoretical relevance, the present study is also valuable methodologically, because we demonstrated that change detection paradigm can be efficiently used for the research of emotional facial expressions processing.
Okosnicu rada čini koncept krajobraznog identiteta promatran iz nove perspektive – perspektive pet osnovnih ljudskih osjetila: vida, sluha, njuha, opipa i okusa. Naime, krajobrazni (i općenito ...prostorni) identitet uglavnom se shvaća kao fenomen utemeljen na prepoznatljivim vizualnim karakteristikama. Međutim, sva je okolina multiosjetilni medij, bogat informacijama iz svih područja percepcije, a i čovjek je multiosjetilno biće i doživljava okolinu s više osjetila. U skladu s tim, ishodišna je pretpostavka rada ideja da se identifikacija čovjeka, odnosno društva, s prostorom ne odvija samo kroz interakciju s njezinim vizualnim nego i auditornim, olfaktornim, taktilnim, pa i gustatornim značajkama. Za područje istraživanja odabrana je dalmatinska regija. Primjenom metode analize sadržaja, na uzorcima lirskih pjesama te promotivnih (pretežno turističkih) materijala, cilj je bio ispitati na kojim se obilježjima, vizualnim i nevizualnim, temelji društvena predodžba dalmatinskoga krajobraza. Rezultati upućuju na to da je krajobrazni identitet Dalmacije u osjetilnom smislu raznolik. Spoznaja o krajobraznom identitetu kao osjetilno višedimenzionalnoj pojavi otvara mnoga nova pitanja i mogućnosti na području krajobrazne teorije i prakse.
AbstractThroughout history libraries have had many different roles. They served as educational centres, manuscript transcriptors and collectors, places for study, places offering services, even ...museums and entertainment facilities, etc. Their quality depends on a number of different factors, e.g. quality of staff, and of services, as well as on environmental characteristics. The current development in the information and communication technology has an important impact on libraries functions and therefore demands their permanent adjustment. In this study the authors tried to find out how 171 students and librarians from the Faculty of Arts perceive the current and future roles of academic libraries. Following this, the questionnaire was prepared on the basis of the following domain facets: time frame, services, communication type and type of material. As expected in the partitions of the three dimensional (Smallest Space Analysis) space three facets with ordered elements appeared (two axial: time frame and material, and one modular: communication type) and one unordered with the polar role: services. With the exception of the service facet, all the other facets clearly revealed themselves.
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