The present study evaluated the alterations of the oxidative stress markers in adult dogs fed with high levels of PUFA from the mixture of soybean oil enriched with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and ...supplemented with a natural algae-based antioxidant (AOX). Twelve healthy adult (2 years old) Beagle dogs (6 males and 6 females, 11.20 ± 1.92 kg BW), were distributed in 2 completely randomized blocks design and fed with 4 experimental diets coated with 2 lipid sources: saturated (13% bovine tallow) or unsaturated (13% soybean oil enriched with DHA), supplemented or not with 500 mg of AOX for 4 wk, intercalated with a 4-wk adaptation period. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 15, and 30 of each block. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), sulfhydryl group (SH), protein carbonylation, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and total reactive antioxidant potential (TRAP) were evaluated in the serum, while GSH-Px, SOD, glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), SH, and TBARS were measured in erythrocytes. There was no significant difference in most of the oxidative markers evaluated. In contrast, GST activity in erythrocytes was greater in the animals that consumed the diets coated with bovine tallow compared to dogs that consumed diets coated with soybean oil enriched with DHA (P < 0.05). Serum from dogs fed on diets supplemented with AOX presented greater TRAP values (P < 0.05). These data demonstrate that the concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids (UNS) used in the diets for dogs were not sufficient to cause large changes in the oxidative status. It was not possible to evaluate the efficiency of the natural antioxidant in maintaining the oxidative balance of the animals as it appears that the oxidative status of the dogs was not challenged by the unsaturated diets. Our findings also suggest that dogs, as descendants from carrion carnivores, may have some natural protection against oxidation.
Abstract
The present study evaluated the alterations of the oxidative stress markers in adult dogs fed with high levels of PUFA from the mixture of soybean oil enriched with docosahexaenoic acid ...(DHA) and supplemented with a natural algae-based antioxidant (AOX). Twelve healthy adult (2 years old) Beagle dogs (6 males and 6 females, 11.20 ± 1.92 kg BW), were distributed in 2 completely randomized blocks design and fed with 4 experimental diets coated with 2 lipid sources: saturated (13% bovine tallow) or unsaturated (13% soybean oil enriched with DHA), supplemented or not with 500 mg of AOX for 4 wk, intercalated with a 4-wk adaptation period. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 15, and 30 of each block. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), sulfhydryl group (SH), protein carbonylation, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and total reactive antioxidant potential (TRAP) were evaluated in the serum, while GSH-Px, SOD, glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), SH, and TBARS were measured in erythrocytes. There was no significant difference in most of the oxidative markers evaluated. In contrast, GST activity in erythrocytes was greater in the animals that consumed the diets coated with bovine tallow compared to dogs that consumed diets coated with soybean oil enriched with DHA (P < 0.05). Serum from dogs fed on diets supplemented with AOX presented greater TRAP values (P < 0.05). These data demonstrate that the concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids (UNS) used in the diets for dogs were not sufficient to cause large changes in the oxidative status. It was not possible to evaluate the efficiency of the natural antioxidant in maintaining the oxidative balance of the animals as it appears that the oxidative status of the dogs was not challenged by the unsaturated diets. Our findings also suggest that dogs, as descendants from carrion carnivores, may have some natural protection against oxidation.
The present study evaluated the alterations of the oxidative stress markers in adult dogs fed with high levels of PUFA from the mixture of soybean oil enriched with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and ...supplemented with a natural algae-based antioxidant (AOX). Twelve healthy adult (2 years old) Beagle dogs (6 males and 6 females, 11.20 ± 1.92 kg BW), were distributed in 2 completely randomized blocks design and fed with 4 experimental diets coated with 2 lipid sources: saturated (13% bovine tallow) or unsaturated (13% soybean oil enriched with DHA), supplemented or not with 500 mg of AOX for 4 wk, intercalated with a 4-wk adaptation period. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 15, and 30 of each block. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), sulfhydryl group (SH), protein carbonylation, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and total reactive antioxidant potential (TRAP) were evaluated in the serum, while GSH-Px, SOD, glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), SH, and TBARS were measured in erythrocytes. There was no significant difference in most of the oxidative markers evaluated. In contrast, GST activity in erythrocytes was greater in the animals that consumed the diets coated with bovine tallow compared to dogs that consumed diets coated with soybean oil enriched with DHA (P < 0.05). Serum from dogs fed on diets supplemented with AOX presented greater TRAP values (P < 0.05). These data demonstrate that the concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids (UNS) used in the diets for dogs were not sufficient to cause large changes in the oxidative status. It was not possible to evaluate the efficiency of the natural antioxidant in maintaining the oxidative balance of the animals as it appears that the oxidative status of the dogs was not challenged by the unsaturated diets. Our findings also suggest that dogs, as descendants from carrion carnivores, may have some natural protection against oxidation.
Soft-tissue preservation provides palaeobiological information that is otherwise lost during fossilization. In Brazil, the Early Cretaceous Santana Formation contains fish with integument, muscles, ...connective tissues, and eyes that are still preserved. Our study revealed that soft-tissues were pyritized or kerogenized in different microfacies, which yielded distinct preservation fidelities. Indeed, new data provided the first record of pyritized vertebrate muscles and eyes. We propose that the different taphonomic pathways were controlled by distinct sedimentation rates in two different microfacies. Through this process, carcasses deposited in each of these microfacies underwent different residence times in sulphate-reduction and methanogenesis zones, thus yielding pyritized or kerogenized soft-tissues, and a similar process has previously been suggested in studies of a late Ediacaran lagerstätte.
Importance
Altough disease-modifying factors such as malnutrition and diet have been associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), little is known about the effects of pharmacological therapies on the ...nutritional status of AD patients.
Objective
To evaluate the nutritional status, prealbumin, and albumin serum levels and several anthropometric measurements in patients with probable moderate-stage AD, with and without rivastigmine drug treatment.
Study design
A cross-sectional study.
Setting and participants
34 patients were included, 17 with rivastigmine treatment and 17 without pharmacological treatment, over 60 years of both sexes.
Measurements
The nutritional status was evaluated using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). Albumin and prealbumin (transthyretin) levels and anthropometric evaluation were assessed using standard methods.
Results
A polarity of malnutrition was detected in the untreated group. According to the MNA survey, the risk of malnutrition is higher without rivastigmine treatment (p = 0.0001). There are a less loss of appetite, less psychological stress, greater mobility and independence in those patients receiving rivastigmine (p = 0.003, 0.008, 0.016 and 0.018, respectively). The body mass index does not show a statistical difference, however, categorizing it for older adults, this index was improved in those receiving rivastigmine (p = 0.016). The serum levels of albumin and prealbumin showed no significant statistical difference between the groups.
Conclusions
Rivastigmine treatment shows a protective effect on malnutrition in patients with moderate-stage AD.
The Late Paleozoic Ice Age (LPIA) in Brazil has an extended sedimentary record, mainly in the Paraná Basin. Ichnological records are the main biotic evidence in such an environment, and the Itararé ...Group (Paraná Basin) is important in this regard. However, the Aquidauana Formation, one of the formations in the Itararé Group, is understudied regarding its trace fossil record. Thus, here we present the first ichnotaxonomic characterization of the Aquidauana Formation. We identified ten ichnospecies: Cruziana problematica, Cruziana cf. carbonaria, Diplichnites gouldi, Diplopodichnus biformis, Helmintoidichnites tenuis, cf. Kouphichnium isp., Monomorphichnus lineatus, Rusophycus carbonarius, Umfolozia sinuosa, and Warvichnium ulbrichi. Moreover, we also observed the presence of different morphotypes distributed among two ichnogenera: Monomorphichnus and Warvichnium. We also identified microbially induced sedimentary structures (Arumberia). According to these results, the paleoichnocoenosis of the Aquidauana Formation is characterized by the dominance of activity of small arthropods (probably benthic crustaceans), presenting a low richness of functional morphology. This depauperate ichnocoenosis may reflect environmental stress related to glacial environments and short colonization periods, corroborated by the absence of mixed-layer activity. Compared to other Gondwanic glacial deposits, the Aquidauana Formation is unique to present Warvichnium and Monomorphichnus. This unit also reveals a relationship with freshwater influence, similar to the Mafra Formation fjords in the southern Paraná Basin. Thus, the Aquidauana Formation represents invertebrate colonization of submerged glacial freshwater environments in Gondwana, followed by subaerial exposure.
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•First ichnotaxonomic characterization of the Aquidauana Formation•Record of arthropod and wormlike trace fossils•Record of Arumberiamorph structures and Warvichnium in Upper Paleozoic deposits•New morphotypes for Monomorphichnus and Warvichnium•Low ichnodiversity and ichnodisparity with absence of an mixed-layer activity
•There are high frequencies of enteric viruses in younger children living in the Amazon region.•Norovirus mainly infects younger children from the Amazon region and causes acute ...gastroenteritis.•There is low Rotarix™ (RV1) coverage in children from the Amazon region.•Secretor children from the Amazon region are histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) susceptible to human adenovirus (HadV) infection.
To verify the frequency of viruses causing acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in association with the histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) and Rotarix™ vaccination coverage in children from the Amazon region.
Fecal and saliva samples were collected from children with AGE (n = 485) and acute respiratory infection (ARI) (n = 249) clinical symptoms. Rotavirus A (RVA), norovirus, human adenovirus (HAdV), and sapovirus (SaV) were verified in feces by molecular detection. Saliva samples were used for HBGA phenotyping/FUT3 genotyping. Blood group types, clinical aspects and Rotarix™ RVA vaccination data were recorded.
Norovirus remained the most prevalently detected cause of AGE (38%, 184/485 and ARI 21.3%, 53/249). High HAdV frequencies were observed in AGE children (28.6%, 139/485) and ARI children (37.3%, 93/249). RVA was the third most prevalent virus causing AGE (22.7%, 110/485 and ARI 19.3%, 48/249) and a low RV1 coverage (61%, 448/734) was verified. The SaV frequencies were lower (7.2%, 35/485 for AGE and 6.8%, 17/249 for ARI). Secretor children were HBGA susceptible to HAdV infection (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0–2.3; P = 0.04) but not to RVA, norovirus or SaV infection.
Norovirus could be considered the main etiological agent of AGE. No association was verified for HBGA susceptibility to RVA, norovirus and SaV. Secretor children showed a slight susceptibility to HAdV infection and the Le (a-b-) heterogeneous SNPs on the FUT3 gene.
Investigations into the existence of life in other parts of the cosmos find strong parallels with studies of the origin and evolution of life on our own planet. In this way, astrobiology and ...paleobiology are married by their common interest in disentangling the interconnections between life and the surrounding environment. In this way, a cross-point of both sciences is paleometry, which involves a myriad of imaging and geochemical techniques, usually non-destructive, applied to the investigation of the fossil record. In the last decades, paleometry has benefited from an unprecedented technological improvement, thus solving old questions and raising new ones. This advance has been paralleled by conceptual approaches and discoveries fuelled by technological evolution in astrobiological research. In this context, we present some new data and review recent advances on the employment of paleometry to investigations on paleobiology and astrobiology in Brazil in areas such biosignatures in Ediacaran microbial mats, biogenicity tests on enigmatic Ediacaran structures, research on Ediacaran metazoan biomineralization, fossil preservation in Cretaceous insects and fish, and finally the experimental study on the decay of fish to test the effect of distinct types of sediment on soft-tissue preservation, as well as the effects of early diagenesis on fish bone preservation.
patients with cervical cancer (CC) receiving chemotherapy and radiotherapy have several gastrointestinal adverse effects.
to evaluate the effect of dietary symbiotic supplementation on fecal ...calprotectin (FCP), bacterial DNA levels, and gastrointestinal adverse effects in patients with CC.
clinical, controlled, randomized, double-blind trial. Patients consumed symbiotics or placebo three times a day for seven weeks. FCP was assessed by Elisa method. DNA from probiotic and pathogenic bacteria were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Diarrheal evacuations were evaluated with the Bristol stool form scale and nausea and vomiting were measured using the scale of the National Institute of Cancerology of the United States.
after a seven-week treatment, FCP concentration was lower in the symbiotic group compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Stool consistency in the placebo and symbiotic groups was similar at baseline. A significant improvement in stool consistency was obtained in both groups at the end of the intervention (p < 0.001). The concentrations and total proportions of the probiotic and pathogenic bacteria were similar in both groups. Nausea significantly diminished in both groups (p < 0.001) at the end of the trial. Furthermore, the symbiotic group had a statistically significant decrease in the frequency and intensity of vomiting when compared to the control group (p < 0.001).
the symbiotic treatment decreases significantly the FCP levels and the frequency and intensity of vomiting in patients with CC.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system associated with increased oxidative stress (OS) and mitochondrial alterations. Fish oil consumption has ...neuroprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in patients with relapsing-recurrent MS (RR-MS).
To evaluate changes in the hydrolytic activity of ATP synthase and mitochondrial membrane fluidity in patients with RR-MS who receive fish oil or olive oil as a dietary supplement.
Clinical, controlled, randomized, double-blind trial. Patients consumed fish oil or olive oil for one year. The hydrolytic activity of ATPase and the fluidity of the mitochondrial membrane of platelets were quantified.
In patients with RR-MS, a decrease in the fluidity of mitochondrial membranes and an increase in the hydrolytic activity of ATP synthase was observed in comparison with healthy controls. After 6 or 9 months of treatment with fish oil or olive oil, respectively, these values were normalized.
The consumption of fish oil and olive oil increases the fluidity of the mitochondrial membranes and decreases the catabolic activity of ATP synthase in platelets from patients with RR-MS.
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