This book provides an updated state-of-the-art review on new developments in alkali-activation. The main binder of concrete, Portland cement, represents almost 80% of the total CO2 emissions of ...concrete which are about 6 to 7% of the Planet's total CO2 emissions. This is particularly serious in the current context of climate change and it could get even worse because the demand for Portland cement is expected to increase by almost 200% by 2050 from 2010 levels, reaching 6000 million tons/year. Alkali-activated binders represent an alternative to Portland cement having higher durability and a lower CO2 footprint. * Reviews the chemistry, mix design, manufacture and properties of alkali-activated cement-based concrete binders * Considers performance in adverse environmental conditions. * Offers equal emphasis on the science behind the technology and its use in civil engineering.
The civil engineering sector accounts for a significant percentage of global material and energy consumption and is a major contributor of waste material. The ability to recycle and reuse concrete ...and demolition waste is critical to reducing environmental impacts in meeting national, regional and global environmental targets. Handbook of recycled concrete and demolition waste summarises key recent research in achieving these goals.Part one considers techniques for managing construction and demolition waste, including waste management plans, ways of estimating levels of waste, the types and optimal location of waste recycling plants and the economics of managing construction and demolition waste. Part two reviews key steps in handling construction and demolition waste. It begins with a comparison between conventional demolition and construction techniques before going on to discuss the preparation, refinement and quality control of concrete aggregates produced from waste. It concludes by assessing the mechanical properties, strength and durability of concrete made using recycled aggregates. Part three includes examples of the use of recycled aggregates in applications such as roads, pavements, high- performance concrete and alkali-activated or geopolymer cements. Finally, the book discusses environmental and safety issues such as the removal of gypsum, asbestos and alkali-silica reaction (ASR) concrete, as well as life-cycle analysis of concrete with recycled aggregates.Handbook of recycled concrete and demolition waste is a standard reference for all those involved in the civil engineering sector, as well as academic researchers in the field. * Summarises key recent research in recycling and reusing concrete and demolition waste to reduce environmental impacts and meet national, regional and global environmental targets * Considers techniques for managing construction and demolition waste, including waste management plans, ways of estimating levels of waste, the types and optimal location of waste recycling plants * Reviews key steps in handling construction and demolition waste
Eco-efficient Construction and Building Materialsprovides essential reading about materials for the construction industry in the twenty-first century. It covers the latest findings in the field, ...especially the toxicity aspects, embodied energy, construction and demolition wastes, the use of wastes in concrete, masonry units, materials reinforced with vegetable fibres, earth construction, the durability aspects, and also the importance of nanotechnology to the development of more environmentally-friendly materials.Based on more than nine hundred references,Eco-efficient Construction and Building Materialsis of fundamental importance to academics, engineers and architects who are dedicated to the creation of a greener and more holistic construction industry.
Eco-efficient concrete is a comprehensive guide to the characteristics and environmental performance of key concrete types.Part one discusses the eco- efficiency and life cycle assessment of Portland ...cement concrete, before part two goes on to consider concrete with supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). Concrete with non-reactive wastes is the focus of part three, including municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) concrete, and concrete with polymeric, construction and demolition wastes (CDW). An eco-efficient approach to concrete carbonation is also reviewed, followed by an investigation in part four of future alternative binders and the use of nano and biotech in concrete production.With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, Eco-efficient concrete is a technical guide for all professionals, researchers and academics currently or potentially involved in the design, manufacture and use of eco-efficient concrete. * The first part of the book examines the eco-efficiency and life cycle assessment of Portland cement concrete * Chapters in the second part of the book consider concrete with supplementary cementitious materials, including properties and performance * Reviews the eco-efficient approach to concrete carbonation
This paper summarizes current knowledge about alkali-activated binders, by reviewing previously published work. As it is shown in Part 1, alkali-activated binders have emerged as an alternative to ...(ordinary Portland cement) OPC binders, which seem to have superior durability and environmental impact. The subjects of Part 2 of this paper are prime materials, alkaline activators, additives, curing type and constituents mixing order. Practical problems and theoretical questions are discussed. Topics for future work in this field are suggested.
The construction industry is responsible for the depletion of large amounts of nonrenewable resources. This activity generates not only millions of tons of mineral waste but also millions of tons of ...carbon dioxide gas emissions. Therefore, research about building materials based on renewable resources like vegetable fibres is needed. This paper discusses the use of vegetable fibres as reinforcement in cement based materials. It includes fibre characteristics, properties and the description of the treatments that improve their performance; it covers the compatibility between the fibres and the cement matrix and also how the fibres influence cement properties. It also includes the properties and durability performance of cementitious materials reinforced with vegetable fibres. Furthermore future research trends are also suggested.
Eco-efficient Materials for Mitigating Building Cooling Needs Fernando Pacheco-Torgal, Joao Labrincha, Luisa F. Cabeza, Claes Goeran Granqvist / Fernando Pacheco-Torgal, Joao Labrincha, Luisa Cabeza, Claes Goeran Granqvist
2015, 2015-02-23, Letnik:
Number 56
eBook
Climate change is one of the most important environmental problems faced by Planet Earth. The majority of CO 2 emissions come from burning fossil fuels for energy production and improvements in ...energy efficiency shows the greatest potential for any single strategy to abate global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the energy sector. Energy related emissions account for almost 80% of the EU's total greenhouse gas emissions. The building sector is the largest energy user responsible for about 40% of the EU's total final energy consumption. In Europe the number of installed air conditioning systems has increased 500% over the last 20 years, but in that same period energy cooling needs have increased more than 20 times. The increase in energy cooling needs relates to the current higher living and working standards. In urban environments with low outdoor air quality (the general case) this means that in summer-time one cannot count on natural ventilation to reduce cooling needs. Do not forget the synergistic effect between heat waves and air pollution which means that outdoor air quality is worse in the summer aggravating cooling needs. Over the next few years this phenomenon will become much worse because more people will live in cities, more than 2 billion by 2050 and global warming will aggravate cooling needs. * An overview of materials to lessen the impact of urban heat islands * Excellent coverage of building materials to reduce air condtioning needs * Innovative products discussed such as Thermo and Electrochromic materials
Alkali-activated mortars and concretes have been gaining increased attention due to their potential for providing a more sustainable alternative to traditional ordinary Portland cement mixtures. In ...addition, the inclusion of high volumes of recycled materials in these traditional mortars and concretes has been shown to be particularly challenging. The compositions of the mixtures present in this paper were designed to make use of a hybrid alkali-activation model, as they were mostly composed of class F fly ash and calcium-rich precursors, namely, ordinary Portland cement and calcium hydroxide. Moreover, the viability of the addition of fine milled glass wastes and fine limestone powder, as a source of soluble silicates and as a filler, respectively, was also investigated. The optimization criterium for the design of fly ash-based alkali-activated mortar compositions was the maximization of both the compressive strength and environmental performance of the mortars. With this objective, two stages of optimization were conceived: one in which the inclusion of secondary precursors in ambient-cured mortar samples was implemented and, simultaneously, in which the compositions were tested for the determination of short-term compressive strength and another phase containing a deeper study on the effects of the addition of glass wastes on the compressive strength of mortar samples cured for 24 h at 80 °C and tested up to 28 days of curing. Furthermore, in both stages, the effects (on the compressive strength) of the inclusion of construction and demolition recycled aggregates were also investigated. The results show that a heat-cured fly ash-based mortar containing a 1% glass powder content (in relation to the binder weight) and a 10% replacement of natural aggregate for CDRA may display as much as a 28-day compressive strength of 31.4 MPa.
As the environmental impact of existing construction and building materials comes under increasing scrutiny, the search for more eco-efficient solutions has intensified. Nanotechnology offers great ...potential in this area and is already being widely used to great success. Nanotechnology in eco-efficient construction is an authoritative guide to the role of nanotechnology in the development of eco-efficient construction materials and sustainable construction.Following an introduction to the use of nanotechnology in eco-efficient construction materials, part one considers such infrastructural applications as nanoengineered cement-based materials, nanoparticles for high-performance and self-sensing concrete, and the use of nanotechnology to improve the bulk and surface properties of steel for structural applications. Nanoclay-modified asphalt mixtures and safety issues relating to nanomaterials for construction applications are also reviewed before part two goes on to discuss applications for building energy efficiency. Topics explored include thin films and nanostructured coatings, switchable glazing technology and third generation photovoltaic (PV) cells, high-performance thermal insulation materials, and silica nanogel for energy-efficient windows. Finally, photocatalytic applications are the focus of part three, which investigates nanoparticles for pollution control, self-cleaning and photosterilisation, and the role of nanotechnology in manufacturing paints and purifying water for eco-efficient buildings.Nanotechnology in eco-efficient construction is a technical guide for all those involved in the design, production and application of eco-efficient construction materials, including civil engineers, materials scientists, researchers and architects within any field of nanotechnology, eco-efficient materials or the construction industry.Provides an authoritative guide to the role of nanotechnology in the development of eco-efficient construction materials and sustainable constructionExamines the use of nanotechnology in eco-efficient construction materialsConsiders a range of important infrastructural applications, before discussing applications for building energy efficiency
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