Purpose: The aim of this work was to study Kayser-Fleischer KF-like rings in patients with hepatic or cholestatic liver disease and to find out the relation between serum bilirubin level and the ...presence of KF like ring in these patients. Methods: In this study, we evaluated patients with hepatic and cholestatic liver diseases with total Serum bilirubin levels >10 mg/dl. These patients were evaluated for the presence or absence of KF like ring. Results: A total of 67 patients with total bilirubin >10 mg/dl were included in the study. Patients were divided into 3 groups based on total S. bilirubin level: Group 1 with S. bilirubin >30 mg/dl, Group 2 with S. bilirubin >20 - <30 mg/dl and Group 3 with S. bilirubin >10 - <20 mg/dl at baseline evaluation. On follow-up they were divided into 3 groups based on the serum bilirubin level. Group 1- >20 mg/dl, Group 2- >10 - <20 mg/dl, Group 3- <10 mg/dl. KF like ring was seen in 98.5% of patients with high total S. bilirubin level. KF like ring disappeared in 87.5% of patients with reduction in the total S. bilirubin level to less than 10 mg/dl. Conclusion: KF like ring was seen in 98.5% of patients with high total S. bilirubin, disappeared in 87.5% of patients with reduction in the total S. bilirubin level to less than 10 mg/dl. There was no significant difference between the Total S. bilirubin levels, age, gender and KF Like Ring.
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Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
We show that a high-energy electron bunch can be used to capture the instantaneous longitudinal and transverse field structures of the highly transient, microscopic, laser-excited relativistic wake ...with femtosecond resolution. The spatiotemporal evolution of wakefields in a plasma density up ramp is measured and the reversal of the plasma wake, where the wake wavelength at a particular point in space increases until the wake disappears completely only to reappear at a later time but propagating in the opposite direction, is observed for the first time by using this new technique.
In this Letter, a new construction of complementary sequence sets (CSSs) is proposed by concatenating Golay complementary pairs (GCPs) which could have different lengths. The constructed CSSs have ...flexible sequence lengths, i.e. $2L+N$2L+N, where L and N are the lengths of two constituting GCPs. For example, the proposed method can be used to construct quadriphase CSSs of all lengths up to 100, except 87 and 95. The feasibility for practical applications of CSSs will be enhanced due to their flexible lengths and good peak-to-average power ratio property.
Plasma-based accelerators have made impressive progress in recent years. However, the beam energy spread obtained in these accelerators is still at the ∼1% level, nearly one order of magnitude larger ...than what is needed for challenging applications like coherent light sources or colliders. In plasma accelerators, the beam energy spread is mainly dominated by its energy chirp (longitudinally correlated energy spread). Here we demonstrate that when an initially chirped electron beam from a linac with a proper current profile is sent through a low-density plasma structure, the self-wake of the beam can significantly reduce its energy chirp and the overall energy spread. The resolution-limited energy spectrum measurements show at least a threefold reduction of the beam energy spread from 1.28% to 0.41% FWHM with a dechirping strength of ∼1 (MV/m)/(mm pC). Refined time-resolved phase space measurements, combined with high-fidelity three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, further indicate the real energy spread after the dechirper is only about 0.13% (FWHM), a factor of 10 reduction of the initial energy spread.
Abstract With aging, individuals’ gaits become slower and their steps shorter; both are thought to improve stability against balance threats. Recent studies have shown that shorter step lengths, ...which bring the center of mass (COM) closer to the leading foot, improve stability against slip-related falls. However, a slower gait, hence lower COM velocity, does the opposite. Due to the inherent coupling of step length and speed in spontaneous gait, the extent to which the benefit of shorter steps can offset the slower speed is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate, through decoupling, the independent effects of gait speed and step length on gait stability and the likelihood of slip-induced falls. Fifty-seven young adults walked at one of three target gait patterns, two of equal speed and two of equal step length; at a later trial, they encountered an unannounced slip. The results supported our hypotheses that faster gait as well as shorter steps each ameliorates fall risk when a slip is encountered. This appeared to be attributable to the maintenance of stability from slip initiation to liftoff of the recovery foot during the slip. Successful decoupling of gait speed from step length reveals for the first time that, although slow gait in itself leads to instability and falls (a one-standard-deviation decrease in gait speed increases the odds of fall by 4-fold), this effect is offset by the related decrease in step length (the same one-standard-deviation decrease in step length lowers fall risk by 6 times).
Phase space matching between two plasma-based accelerator (PBA) stages and between a PBA and a traditional accelerator component is a critical issue for emittance preservation. The drastic ...differences of the transverse focusing strengths as the beam propagates between stages and components may lead to a catastrophic emittance growth even when there is a small energy spread. We propose using the linear focusing forces from nonlinear wakes in longitudinally tailored plasma density profiles to control phase space matching between sections with negligible emittance growth. Several profiles are considered and theoretical analysis and particle-in-cell simulations show how these structures may work in four different scenarios. Good agreement between theory and simulation is obtained, and it is found that the adiabatic approximation misses important physics even for long profiles.
Laser-plasma accelerators of only a centimetre's length have produced nearly monoenergetic electron bunches with energy as high as 1 GeV. Scaling these compact accelerators to multi-gigaelectronvolt ...energy would open the prospect of building X-ray free-electron lasers and linear colliders hundreds of times smaller than conventional facilities, but the 1 GeV barrier has so far proven insurmountable. Here, by applying new petawatt laser technology, we produce electron bunches with a spectrum prominently peaked at 2 GeV with only a few per cent energy spread and unprecedented sub-milliradian divergence. Petawatt pulses inject ambient plasma electrons into the laser-driven accelerator at much lower density than was previously possible, thereby overcoming the principal physical barriers to multi-gigaelectronvolt acceleration: dephasing between laser-driven wake and accelerating electrons and laser pulse erosion. Simulations indicate that with improvements in the laser-pulse focus quality, acceleration to nearly 10 GeV should be possible with the available pulse energy.
Abstract To examine the control of dynamic stability and characteristics of the compensatory stepping responses to an unexpected anterior gait slip induced under the non-involved limb in people with ...hemi-paretic stroke (PwHS) and to examine any resulting adaptive changes in these on the second slip due to experience from prior slip exposure. Ten PwHS experienced overground slip (S1) during walking on the laboratory walkway after 5–8 regular walking (RW) trials followed by a second consecutive slip trial (S2). The slip outcome (backward loss of balance, BLOB and no loss of balance, NLOB) and COM state (i.e. its COM position and velocity) stability were examined between the RW and S1 and S1 and S2 at touchdown (TD) of non-involved limb and at liftoff (LO) of the contralateral limb. At TD there was no difference in stability between RW and S1, however at LO, subjects demonstrated a lower stability on S1 than RW resulting in a 100% backward loss of balance (BLOB) with compensatory stepping response (recovery step, RS, 4/10 or aborted step, AS, 6/10). On S2, although there was no change in stability at TD, there was a significant improvement in stability at LO with a 40% decrease in BLOB. There was also a change in step strategy with a decrease in AS response (60% to 35%, p <0.05) which was replaced by an increase in the ability to step (increased compensatory step length, p <0.05) either via a recovery step or a walkover step. PwHS have the ability to reactively control COM state stability to decrease fall-risk upon a novel slip; prior exposure to a slip did not significantly alter feedforward control but improved the ability to use such feedback control for improved slip outcomes.
Highlights • Prior adaptation to slips had only limited interference with trip recovery. • Reactive adaptation gained from slip training mitigated the interference from trip perturbation. • A ...generalized strategy optimal for slip and trip recoveries emerged after a mixed training. • The CNS adopted a generalized strategy by converging the control of stability to a “middle ground”. • The generalized strategy reduced the CNS’ reliance on accurate predictions and error corrections.
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