The aim of the authors of this paper is to analyze Watson’s theory of human caring for its usefulness and worth in education, practice, and research. The reason for undertaking this analysis is to ...evaluate if Watson’s theory would be useful for nursing in those countries where such theories were not an established part of the nursing curriculum. Furthermore, in some European countries, their political past or cultural influences led to an unquestioned adoption of the biomedical model. As their political culture changes, many social structures have had to be revisited, and for nursing, this has meant the introduction of theoretical reasoning, teaching, and practice.
Single studies suggest that nursing students perceive caring as more an instrumental than expressive behaviour and indicate some differences between caring perceptions in junior and senior nursing ...students. However, there are limited studies investigating caring perceptions in nursing students across multiple cultures.
To determine perceptions of caring in Slovene, Croatian, Chinese and Russian nursing students and explore whether there are statistically significant differences in perceptions of caring between countries and between first and third-year nursing students.
A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used.
The study included 604 nursing students enrolled in first and third year in seven different nursing faculties in four countries: Slovenia; China; Croatia; and the Russian Federation.
The 25-item Caring Dimension Inventory (CDI-25) was used to measure caring perceptions. We also included demographic questions regarding age, gender, country, year of study and type of study. Demographic data were analysed using descriptive analysis while a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) adjusted for unequal sample sizes was performed together with a post hoc analysis of the results.
The results of two-way ANOVA showed that both main effects (country and year of study) were statistically significant, as well as their interaction at the 0.05 significance level. The main effect for country was F(3, 596) = 3.591, p < 0.0136 indicating a significant difference in CDI-25 between Slovenia (M = 108.9, SD = 9.2), Russian Federation (M = 107.1, SD = 8.2), China (M = 102.8, SD = 9.7) and Croatia (M = 110.0, SD = 8.6).
Perceptions of caring in nursing students differ across countries, probably due to different educational systems, curricula, cultural differences and societal values. Implementing caring theories in nursing curricula could help students to cultivate caring during their education.
Is caring a lost art in nursing? Pajnkihar, Majda
International journal of nursing studies,
05/2008, Letnik:
45, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Comments on an editorial about the role of caring in nursing. The definition of nursing as a caring profession is described and the current state of nursing in the health care system is outlined. ...(BNI unique abstract) 22 references
Background
Caring relationships are important for developing a caring culture. It is important that care provider's relationships with patients, co‐workers and managers are caring relationships. ...However, in the Slovene language, there is a lack of psychometrically sound instruments to measure these caring relationships.
Aim
To explore the psychometric properties of the Slovenian version of the Caring Factor Survey (CFS) for care providers, the care given by co‐workers and managers as judged by the providers, by evaluating its content validity, face validity and internal consistency.
Methods
In the process of our instrument, we used translation and back translation and validation based on experts' agreement. Content validity was quantified by the content validity index (CVI) and a modified Cohen's kappa index. Face validity was evaluated by ten nurses who reviewed the instruments. In the process of psychometric testing based on survey data, we used a cross‐sectional research design with a convenience sample of 91 caregivers working in internal or surgical wards in two health care institutions. Cronbach's alpha and corrected item–total correlations were used to test internal consistency.
Results
All items in all three versions of the CFS had a CVI score higher than 0.78 and excellent modified Cohen's kappa index, showing excellent content validity. The average content validity indices were 0.990, 0.975 and 0.963. The face validity was good with no major remarks given. Cronbach's alpha was 0.941, 0.962 and 0.970. The item–total correlations reached a criterion of 0.2 < r < 0.3 for all items.
Conclusion
All three versions of the CFS showed an acceptable content validity, face validity and internal consistency; however, due to some methodological shortcomings, results should be interpreted with caution. Further psychometric testing is needed.
Uvod: Okužbe zgornjih dihalnih poti so pri otrocih pogoste ter so tudi pogost razlog za opustitve šolanja, obisk zdravnika in nepotrebne stroške zdravstva. Namen raziskave je pregledati, analizirati ...in sintetizirati obstoječo literaturo s področja ukrepov pri zdravstveni obravnavi otrok z okužbo zgornjih dihalnih poti.Metode: Uporabili smo opisno metodo dela. Iskanje literature je potekalo v obdobju od decembra 2019 do januarja 2020 v mednarodnih podatkovnih bazah Medline in CINAHL. Potek iskanja in analize literature je prikazan s pomočjo diagrama PRISMA. Zadetke smo analizirali glede na karakteristike raziskav in razvrstili glede na raven dokaza. Rezultate smo sintetizirali s pomočjo vsebinske analize.Rezultati: Izmed 1.845 identificiranih zadetkov smo v končno analizo vključili 18 zadetkov. Identificirali smo 10 kategorij: znanje, prepoznavanje okužbe zgornjih dihalnih poti, predpisovanje in uporaba antibiotikov, uporaba nepredpisanih zdravil v domačem okolju, uporaba predpisanih zdravil v domačem okolju, uporaba predpisanih zdravil v bolnišnici, socialna izolacija, nedokazan uspeh zdravila, dejavnosti zdravstvenih delavcev za preprečevanje ali zdravljenje okužb zgornjih dihalnih poti, obravnava, osredotočena na otroka in starše. Identificirali smo tri kategorije: zdravstvena vzgoja, zdravljenje in ukrepi za izboljšanje zdravstvene obravnave, zdravstvena nega in oskrba.Diskusija in zaključek: Za kakovostno zdravstveno obravnavo otrok z okužbami zgornjih dihalnih poti je potreben pristop, ki je usmerjen k otroku in družini, je celosten ter varen. Ukrepi pri interdisciplinarni zdravstveni obravnavi otrok morajo temeljiti na znanstvenih dokazih. Poleg ustreznega zdravljenja in ukrepov je pomembno, da izvajamo tudi izobraževanje otrok in staršev.
Uvod: Okužbe zgornjih dihalnih poti so pri otrocih pogoste ter so tudi pogost razlog za opustitve šolanja, obisk zdravnika in nepotrebne stroške zdravstva. Namen raziskave je pregledati, analizirati ...in sintetizirati obstoječo literaturo s področja ukrepov pri zdravstveni obravnavi otrok z okužbo zgornjih dihalnih poti. Metode: Uporabili smo opisno metodo dela. Iskanje literature je potekalo v obdobju od decembra 2019 do januarja 2020 v mednarodnih podatkovnih bazah Medline in CINAHL. Potek iskanja in analize literature je prikazan s pomočjo diagrama PRISMA. Zadetke smo analizirali glede na karakteristike raziskav in razvrstili glede na raven dokaza. Rezultate smo sintetizirali s pomočjo vsebinske analize. Rezultati: Izmed 1.845 identificiranih zadetkov smo v končno analizo vključili 18 zadetkov. Identificirali smo 10 kategorij: znanje, prepoznavanje okužbe zgornjih dihalnih poti, predpisovanje in uporaba antibiotikov, uporaba nepredpisanih zdravil v domačem okolju, uporaba predpisanih zdravil v domačem okolju, uporaba predpisanih zdravil v bolnišnici, socialna izolacija, nedokazan uspeh zdravila, dejavnosti zdravstvenih delavcev za preprečevanje ali zdravljenje okužb zgornjih dihalnih poti, obravnava, osredotočena na otroka in starše. Identificirali smo tri kategorije: zdravstvena vzgoja, zdravljenje in ukrepi za izboljšanje zdravstvene obravnave, zdravstvena nega in oskrba. Diskusija in zaključek: Za kakovostno zdravstveno obravnavo otrok z okužbami zgornjih dihalnih poti je potreben pristop, ki je usmerjen k otroku in družini, je celosten ter varen. Ukrepi pri interdisciplinarni zdravstveni obravnavi otrok morajo temeljiti na znanstvenih dokazih. Poleg ustreznega zdravljenja in ukrepov je pomembno, da izvajamo tudi izobraževanje otrok in staršev.
Abstract The aim of this study was to establish how family members are involved in elder care provision in nursing homes; this included research into their feelings about potentially extending their ...involvement to obtain financial benefits as compensation for high accommodation costs. Family members remain involved in the caring process after their relatives have been admitted to an institution. On average, accommodation costs in nursing homes in Slovenia have risen above the residents’ retirement pension, and families must supplement the difference. Because of this, familial involvement should be linked to reduced accommodation costs. This research employed a non-experimental, descriptive study design through unstructured interviews. Participants included fifty family members ( n = 50) who visit their relatives in nursing homes. Data were collected in 2010 at five nursing homes in Slovenia and processed by means of conventional content analysis. The major themes that emerged from the content analysis, describing family involvement, were as follows: visiting and making oneself useful, delivery of items for personal use, hands-on care, physical therapy and organization of nursing home activities. Family members showed some interest in receiving financial compensation for their involvement. The proposed financial compensation may be a delicate and morally questionable matter but would involve fairness and transparency, while enabling easier organization of elder care provision. Eventually, nursing home residents’ well-being could be improved.
Aim
To test the psychometric properties of the Slovenian version of the Person‐centred Climate Questionnaire – staff version.
Background
Person‐centredness can be a quality care indicator, but there ...are no valid and reliable instruments in the Slovene language aimed at exploring the person‐centred care climate from a nursing staff perspective.
Methods
Content validity based on expert agreement was evaluated by calculating content validity indices. A cross‐sectional survey design using a convenience sample of 790 nurses and nursing assistants from medical and surgical wards in 11 hospitals was used to test the construct validity and internal consistency reliability.
Results
The average content validity index for the scale was 0.97, all items had content validity indices higher than 0.78, showing satisfactory content validity. Three components, climate of safety, community and everydayness explained 71.22% of the variance in the data and thus confirmed scale dimensionality. Cronbach's α was acceptable for whole scale (0.90) and for subscales (0.89, 0.89 and 0.86).
Conclusion
The Slovene version of the Person‐centred Climate Questionnaire – staff version is valid and reliable and can be further used in surgical and medical wards in hospital settings.
Implication for nursing management
The instrument enables further exploration of the relationships between perceived person‐centredness and organisational outcomes.
In spite of the number of studies available in the field and policy documents developed both at the national and the international levels, there is no reliable data available regarding the variation ...of roles occupied by clinical mentors (CMs) across countries.
To describe and compare the CM's role; responsibilities; qualifications; employment requirements and experience in undergraduate nurse education as enacted in 11 European Union (EU) and non- EU countries.
A case study design.
A panel of expert nurse educators from 11 countries within and outside of the EU (Croatia, Czech Republic, England, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Poland, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, and the USA).
A questionnaire containing both quantitative and qualitative questions was developed and agreed by the panel using a Nominal Group Technique (NGT); four cycles of data collection and analysis were conducted involving key experts in nursing education in each country.
In all countries, there are at least two types of clinical mentorship dedicated to undergraduate nursing students: the first is offered by higher education institutions, and the second is offered by health care providers. Variation was noted in terms of profile, responsibilities and professional requirements to act as a CM; however, the CM role is mainly carried out by registered nurses, and in most countries there are no special requirements in terms of education and experience. Those who act as CMs at the bedside continue to manage their usual caseload, thus the role adds to their work burden.
Whilst it is imperative to have respect for the different national traditions in undergraduate nurse education, the globalisation of the nursing workforce and greater opportunities for student mobility during the course of their undergraduate education suggests that in areas such as clinical mentorship, jurisdictions, particularly within the EU, should work towards greater system harmonisation.
•Comparison of the clinical mentor role in eleven countries was carried out.•Differences and similarities of the clinical mentor role in nursing clinical education were described.•Lack of requirements both at the educational and the clinical levels, to act as clinical mentors emerged.•A clear strategy for investment in the clinical mentor role should be implemented.
The aim of a previous study was to describe nursing in Slovenia generally, and to identify the most appropriate nursing model for that country. One specific finding was the issue of partner-like ...relationships; this article deals with that issue only. An interpretive paradigm and qualitative research design were used with a modified grounded theory approach. Interviews were carried out with selected nursing leaders ( n = 24) and other professionals (n = 6) in order to draw on their knowledge and experience to describe the reality of nursing phenomena. The results of this research suggest that participants wish to use a theory that emphasizes clients and treats them as equal partners in nursing, promotes health, and rests on interpersonal relationships. The participants described the missing or obscure parts in nursing and their own beliefs and values about human beings and nursing. Descriptions of and the need for partner-like relationships, and the specific elements of such relationships, were of main concern. The participants argued that nurses need high quality and continuing education to ensure competent nursing practice. The indication is that Slovenia should move to graduate and undergraduate nurse education to foster expert reflective practice in order to abolish routinized care carried out in a hierarchical system.
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