The Janus family of tyrosine kinases (JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2) play an essential role in the receptor signaling of cytokines that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of severe asthma, and ...there is emerging interest in the development of small-molecule-inhaled JAK inhibitors as treatments. Here, we describe the optimization of a quinazoline series of JAK inhibitors and the results of mouse lung pharmacokinetic (PK) studies where only low concentrations of parent compound were observed. Subsequent investigations revealed that the low exposure was due to metabolism by aldehyde oxidase (AO), so we sought to identify quinazolines that were not metabolized by AO. We found that specific substituents at the quinazoline 2-position prevented AO metabolism and this was rationalized through computational docking studies in the AO binding site, but they compromised kinome selectivity. Results presented here highlight that AO metabolism is a potential issue in the lung.
Solar energy-driven practices using semiconducting materials is an ideal approach toward wastewater remediation. In order to attain a superior photocatalyst, a composite of g-C3N4 and ZnO (GCN–ZnO) ...has been prepared by one-step thermal polymerization of urea and zinc carbonate basic dihydrate ZnNO32·Zn(OH)23. The GCN–ZnO0.4 sample showed an evolved morphology, increased surface area (116 m2 g–1), better visible light absorption ability, and reduced band gap in comparison to GCN–pure. The GCN–ZnO0.4 sample also showed enhanced adsorption and photocatalytic activity performance, resulting in an increased reaction rate value up to 3 times that of GCN–pure, which was attributed to the phenomenon of better separation of photogenerated charge carriers resulting because of heterojunction development among interfaces of GCN–pure and ZnO. In addition, the GCN–ZnO0.4 sample showed a decent stability for four cyclic runs and established its potential use for abatement of organic wastewater pollutants in comparison to GCN–pure.
Abstract
The present article intended to study the influence of post-synthetic modification with ethylenediamine (
en
, diamine) and diethylenetriamine (
deta
, triamine) within the coordinatively ...unsaturated sites (CUSs) of HKUST-1 on carbon dioxide and hydrogen storage. The as-sythesized adsorbent was solvent-exchanged and subsequently post-synthetically modified with di-/triamines as sources of amine-based sorption sites due to the increased CO
2
storage capacity. It is known that carbon dioxide molecules have a high affinity for amine groups, and moreover, the volume of amine molecules itself reduces the free pore volume in HKUST-1, which is the driving force for increasing the hydrogen storage capacity. Different concentrations of amines were used for modification of HKUST-1, through which materials with different molar ratios of HKUST-1 to amine: 1:0.05; 1:0.1; 1:0.25; 1:0.5; 1:0.75; 1:1; 1:1.5 were synthesized. Adsorption measurements of carbon dioxide at 0 °C up to 1 bar have shown that the compounds can adsorb large amounts of carbon dioxide. In general,
deta
-modified samples showed higher adsorbed amounts of CO
2
compared to
en
-modified materials, which can be explained by the higher number of amine groups within the
deta
molecule. With an increasing molar ratio of amines, there was a decrease in wt.% CO
2
. The maximum storage capacity of CO
2
was 22.3 wt.% for HKUST-1:
en
/1:0.1 and 33.1 wt.% for HKUST-1:
deta
/1:0.05 at 0 °C and 1 bar. Hydrogen adsorption measurements showed the same trend as carbon dioxide, with the maximum H
2
adsorbed amounts being 1.82 wt.% for HKUST-1:
en
/1:0.1 and 2.28 wt.% for HKUST-1:
deta
/1:0.05 at − 196 °C and 1 bar.
The positive feedback mechanism resulting from the exponentially increasing population leads to high energy demands, additional resource utilization, and debilitating nature, making the earth an ...unsustainable habitat for living. The resulting increase in global temperature, also leads to an increased carbon footprint, creating a chain of events called loop functioning or positive feedback chain. The renewable energy-driven water splitting and generation of hydrogen, which is further used as a clean fuel, serves as a sustainable route for satisfying the over enhanced energy demand and also helps in reducing the global carbon footprint by minimizing the resulting emission. The recent advancement in the photo catalytic systems, especially introduction of advance photocatalysts in the last decade, serves the path more enviably. The photocatalysts involved in the process of hydrogen production and using renewable energy as a driving force, especially solar energy, should remain unaltered. The desired changes in the catalytic activity, separation and conveying of charges at its surface are further catalysed by the solar energy. With technological advancement, novel and cost-effective hydrogen production mechanisms are evolving. This search for a cheaper, effective and sustainable photocatalyst material, which effectively splits the water molecules into desirable hydrogen isotopes is the need of the hour to sustain the ever growing energy demands. And in all this pursuit, a metal-free, suitable bandgap energy, cost-effective and 2D structured compound known as graphitic carbon nitride (GCN or g-C3N4) serves as a potential contender by effective splitting and efficient production of hydrogen. But GCN, even having so much potential, undergoes some challenges such as high density of defects, required surface area and desirable stability that restrict its photocatalytic activity and resulting water splitting efficiency. The present review addresses the latest trends in the composition variabilities in GCN that helps in increased splitting efficiency, doping with metallic particles, heterojunction formation in semiconductors, pore size-perviousity changes, modulation of the bandgap, control of defects and alteration in the surface area. This review also highlights the peak development and changes in the design and morphology of GCN under larger surface area performance and corresponding advancements in hydrogen production. Although not all renewable energy sources are considered; in this review, the photocatalytic production of hydrogen using the solar energy-driven channel is the primary highlight. Further, the concluding portion of this review helps the readers/scientific community to get a clear idea about photocatalytic hydrogen production and its derived routes, which also serve as an inoculum for future studies in the same domain.
Scheme 1. Schematic represents the advantages of using a graphitic carbon nitride photocatalyst and its application for hydrogen production by water splitting. Display omitted
•A non-metallic photocatalyst for energy-rich hydrogen production.•Enhanced performance of GCN by surface modifications and structural changes.•Non-oxidative atmosphere for the production of GCN from organics.•Single-layer mesoporous GCN showing enhanced light-harvesting performance.•Water splitting using GCN photocatalyst under visible irradiance for sustainable hydrogen production.
WheatQTLdb: a QTL database for wheat Singh, Kalpana; Batra, Ritu; Sharma, Shiveta ...
Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG,
09/2021, Letnik:
296, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
During the last three decades, QTL analysis in wheat has been conducted for a variety of individual traits, so that thousands of QTL along with the linked markers, their genetic positions and ...contribution to phenotypic variation (PV) for concerned traits are now known. However, no exhaustive database for wheat QTL is currently available at a single platform. Therefore, the present database was prepared which is an exhaustive information resource for wheat QTL data from the published literature till May, 2020. QTL data from both interval mapping and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been included for the following classes of traits: (i) morphological traits, (ii) N and P use efficiency, (iii) traits for biofortification (Fe, K, Se, and Zn contents), (iv) tolerance to abiotic stresses including drought, water logging, heat stress, pre-harvest sprouting and salinity, (v) resistance to biotic stresses including those due to bacterial, fungal, nematode and insects, (vi) quality traits, and (vii) a variety of physiological traits, (viii) developmental traits, and (ix) yield and its related traits. For the preparation of the database, literature was searched for data on QTL/marker-trait associations (MTAs), curated and then assembled in the form of WheatQTLdb. The available information on metaQTL, epistatic QTL and candidate genes, wherever available, is also included in the database. Information on QTL in this WheatQTLdb includes QTL names, traits, associated markers, parental genotypes, crosses/mapping populations, association mapping panels and other useful information. To our knowledge, WheatQTLdb prepared by us is the largest collection of QTL (11,552), epistatic QTL (107) and metaQTL (330) data for hexaploid wheat to be used by geneticists and plant breeders for further studies involving fine mapping, cloning, and marker-assisted selection (MAS) during wheat breeding.
The cheap and easy availability of the Kinnow peel waste has reported various applications due to presence of multifunctional groups. Therefore, in present study we explored its application to ...synthesize N-Benzylideneaniline and its derivatives based on Schiff base reaction. Kinnow peel powder is characterized by FTIR, TEM, SEM, XRD, EDX, and TGA for functional groups, morphology, surface, elements and thermal stability. Benzaldehyde, aniline, and their derivatives such as 4-methyl benzaldehyde, 4-hydroxy benzaldehyde, 4-methoxy benzaldehyde, and 4-methoxy aniline have been used to compare the efficacy of the Schiff base reaction using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and it has been observed that combination of Aniline and benzaldehyde for Schiff base reaction provided 85% yield of relative product.
The globe will be obliged to discover and investigate alternate energy sources, as at the current pace of use, fossil fuels will cause an energy catastrophe in the coming future. The energy plight ...can only be minimized or altogether avoided if the energy industry works to develop innovative methods of extracting energy from non-conventional sources such as solar, geothermal, ocean-thermal, biomass, hydro and wind energy. Fuel cell technology is one such renewable energy technology that is proliferating all over the world. Fuel cells will be an important future source of power and energy generation. Various advantages of fuel cells have led many researchers to work towards this technology. Different types of fuel cells are used for energy and power generation. Among all other contenders, Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) has wide acceptance worldwide due to certain innate advantages. The current study aims to know about the characteristics and primacy of the PEM fuel cells, which involves both experimental and theoretical observations based on Hydro Genius Professional - a laboratory scale model. The experiments were performed to investigate the characteristics of a fuel cell through renewable energy-driven power sources, mainly solar power. However, the last part of the article deals with a solar panel's voltage-current and power-current characteristics. Further, the optimization of parameters for extracting maximum power from the circuit is also analyzed. The research further includes the determination of Faraday and energy efficiencies for an electrolyzer and a fuel cell system, which are around 95.75% and 98%, for Faraday efficiency calculations and 90% and 45% for energy efficiency calculations in an electrolyzer and fuel cell system respectively. The research contributes to a better understanding of renewable fuel cell technology and elaborates on the practical applications of hydrogen generation using photovoltaic systems and their integration with fuel cell systems. The study will also concentrate on fuel cell technology's environmental benefits and green innovation upfront.
Display omitted
•Solar-driven PEM fuel cell for photovoltaic hydrogen production and environmental sustainability.•Performance of Professional Hydro Genius model for both experimental and theoretical observations.•Practical aspects of PEM fuel cell for hydrogen production and determination of performance parameters.•Faraday efficiencies for electrolyzer and fuel cell turns to be 95.75% and 98%, respectively.•For energy efficiencies for electrolyzer and fuel cell 90% and 45% are calculated, respectively.
In this study, a highly visible light responding 2D photocatalytic material has been prepared and analysed for its potential for photodegradation of organic pollutants. The pristine GCN has been ...co-doped with Mg/Li using the facile synthesis route. The prepared photocatalytic materials were then analysed using characterisation techniques like X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) analysis. The prepared samples were analysed for photocatalytic degradation analysis towards methylene blue dye. The apparent rate constant value increased up to 5.4 times in the case of the GCNML (0.5,2) sample in comparison to GCNP. In addition, the GCNML (0.5,2) sample was also analysed for degradation of crystal violet (CV) (97% in 80 min), rose bengal (RB) (84% in 120 min) and methyl orange (MO) (45% in 120 min) dyes. The result obtained from the study confirmed that GCNML (0.5,2) can act as a potential
photocatalyst
for wastewater remediation application.
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