Forsythia suspensa
and
F.
‘
Courtaneur
’ were used as female parents to cross with
Abeliophyllum distichum
in 2011 and an intergeneric hybrid of
F
.
suspensa
×
A
.
distichum
was obtained, though ...with very low seed set. The morphological characteristics, flower fragrance and volatile organic compounds of flowers were analysed. The intergeneric hybrid had intermediate morphological characteristics of both parents and flower fragrance and was confirmed as a true intergeneric hybrid by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Compared with its mother parent (
F. suspensa
), flowers of the intergeneric hybrid are pale yellow with delicate fragrance. Volatile organic compounds of flowers were retrieved by purge-and-trap techniques, and determined by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The main volatile organic components of
F. suspensa
were isoprenoids, while the main volatile organic components of
A. distichum
and the hybrid of
F. suspensa
×
A. distichum
were aliphatics. To determine the time and the site of intergeneric hybridizing barriers occured, the pollen tubes’ behavior after pollination was observed under fluorescence microscopy. It was found that significant pre-fertilization incompatibility existed in intergeneric crossing combinations
F.
‘Courtaneur’ (Pin) ×
A. distichum
(Thrum) and
F. suspensa
(Pin) ×
A. distichum
(Thrum), and only a few pollen tubes of
A. distichum
penetrated into the ovaries of
Forsythia
. In our research, an intergeneric hybrid between
Forsythia
and
Abeliophyllum
was obtained for the first time, which will provide a solid foundation for expanding the flower color range of
Forsythia
and breeding fragrant-flowered cultivars.
Aspirin is recommended for secondary stroke prevention in patients with moderate-to-severe ischaemic stroke but can lead to gastrointestinal intolerance and bleeding. Indobufen is used as an ...alternative antiplatelet agent in some countries, despite an absence of large-scale clinical trials for this indication. We tested the hypothesis that indobufen is non-inferior to aspirin in reducing the risk of new stroke at 90 days in patients with moderate-to-severe ischaemic stroke.
We conducted a randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, active control, non-inferiority trial at 163 tertiary and district general hospitals in China. Eligible participants were aged 18–80 years with acute moderate-to-severe ischaemic stroke (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score 4–18). We randomly assigned (1:1) participants within 72 h of the onset of symptoms to receive either indobufen (100 mg tablet twice per day) or aspirin (100 mg tablet once per day) for 90 days. The randomisation sequence was computer generated centrally and stratified by local participating centres. Masked local investigators assigned the random code to patients in ascending order and provided a treatment kit corresponding to the random code. The primary efficacy outcome was new stroke and the primary safety outcome was severe or moderate bleeding, both within 90 days. This primary efficacy outcome was assessed in all randomly assigned and consenting patients and in a per-protocol group (ie, all patients finishing the treatment without major violation of the trial protocol). Safety analyses were done in the safety-analysis population (ie, all patients who received at least one dose of the study drug and had a safety assessment available). We assessed the non-inferiority of indobufen versus aspirin using the one-sided upper limit of the 95% CI of the hazard ratio (HR) with a prespecified non-inferiority margin of 1·25. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03871517).
This trial took place between June 2, 2019, and Nov 28, 2021. Of 84 093 patients screened, 5438 patients were randomly assigned to receive either indobufen (n=2715) or aspirin (n=2723), all of whom were included in the primary analyses. Median age was 64·2 years (IQR 56·1–70·6); 1921 (35·3%) were women and 3517 (64·7%) were men. Stroke occurred within 90 days in 213 (7·9%) patients in the indobufen group versus 175 (6·4%) in the aspirin group (HR 1·23, 95% CI 1·01–1·50; pnon-inferiority=0·44). Moderate or severe bleeding occurred in 18 (0·7%) patients in the indobufen group and in 28 (1·0%) in the aspirin group (0·63, 95% CI 0·35 to 1·15; p=0·13). Adverse events within 90 days occurred in 666 (24·5%) patients in the indobufen group and 679 (24·9%) patients in the aspirin group (p=0·73).
In patients with acute moderate-to-severe ischaemic stroke, indobufen was not non-inferior to aspirin because the upper limit of the 95% CI was greater than 1·25. Furthermore, indobufen seemed to be inferior to aspirin in reducing the risk of recurrent stroke at 90 days because the lower limit of the 95% CI was greater than 1·00. Although moderate or severe bleeding did not differ between groups, these findings do not support the use of indobufen for secondary stroke prevention in patients with moderate-to-severe ischaemic stroke.
Hangzhou Zhongmei Huadong Pharmaceutical and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences.
For the Chinese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
The aim of this study was to simultaneously introduce pH sensitivity and folic acid (FA) targeting into a micelle system to achieve quick drug release and to enhance its accumulation in tumor cells. ...Paclitaxel-(+)-α-tocopherol (PTX-VE)-loaded mixed micelles (PHIS/FA/PM) fabricated by poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether-poly(histidine) (MPEG-PHIS) and folic acid-poly(ethylene glycol)-(+)-α-tocopherol (FA-PEG-VE) were characterized by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mixed micelles had a spherical morphology with an average diameter of 137.0±6.70 nm and a zeta potential of -48.7±4.25 mV. The drug encapsulation and loading efficiencies were 91.06%±2.45% and 5.28%±0.30%, respectively. The pH sensitivity was confirmed by changes in particle size, critical micelle concentration, and transmittance as a function of pH. MTT assay showed that PHIS/FA/PM had higher cytotoxicity at pH 6.0 than at pH 7.4, and lower cytotoxicity in the presence of free FA. Confocal laser scanning microscope images demonstrated a time-dependent and FA-inhibited cellular uptake. In vivo imaging confirmed that the mixed micelles targeted accumulation at tumor sites and the tumor inhibition rate was 85.97%. The results proved that the mixed micelle system fabricated by MPEG-PHIS and FA-PEG-VE is a promising approach to improve antitumor efficacy.
This study employs a polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) technique to develop the reduced order models (ROMs) integrated with the Monte Carlo simulations to quantify uncertainties of CO2 storage ...associated with enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in a commercial-scale CO2-EOR field. The Morrow B sandstone at the Farnsworth Unit (FWU) EOR field in northern Texas was selected as a case study. A 3-D reservoir model, including simulation of a five-spot injection/production well pattern, was constructed based on the data from well logs and cores, and an updated seismic interpretation in the FWU. Porosity and permeability were considered as sources of uncertainty. The 1000-realization heterogeneous random fields of porosity and permeability were generated based on the variogram analysis on the core measurements of the FWU. Three model outputs of interest include the amount of CO2 trapped by three trapping mechanisms, i.e. hydrodynamic trapping, oil dissolution trapping, and aqueous dissolution trapping. The total of 25 runs were conducted with the simulations of a 20-year CO2-EOR period, and a 20-year monitoring period to develop the ROMs between uncertain model input parameters (i.e., porosity and permeability in this study) and model outputs at the end of simulation for each grid cell using PCE approach. The high coefficient of determination (R2) and small normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) between the simulated (using reservoir modeling) and predicted (using ROMs) CO2 storage indicate that the ROMs are acceptable and reliable to be used for the predictions. Given the 1000 Monte Carlo samplings of the model input parameters, cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) and uncertainty bounds (10th and 90th percentiles) of model outputs were estimated based on ROMs. At the end of simulation, the most injected CO2 at the FWU was stored by hydrodynamic trapping (between 121,400 and 166,860 tonnes), followed by oil dissolution trapping (between 55,303 and 76,816 tonnes), and aqueous dissolution trapping (between 1979 and 2751 tonnes).
In order to pursue lightness and portability, modern electronic devices usually use a compact layout to place various components, but this highly integrated design increases the heat density of the ...device and causes heat accumulation. Excessive heat accumulation will reduce the reliability of the device and even cause thermal failure. The advantages of light weight, easy processing and low cost of polymer-based thermally conductive composites have become main concerns of modern thermal management materials, but the low thermal conductivity (TC) has seriously limited their application. Here, 3D hierarchical anisotropic oriented graphene-based composites with high TC are fabricated by layer-by-layer self-assembling of one-dimensional carboxylated cellulose nanofibers (CNF–C) and poly dopamine modified nickel particle-coated two-dimensional graphene nanosheets (PDA-Ni@GNS). Owing to the well-defined flaky packing layers and the hydrogen bonding, the composite exhibits not only sufficiently high in-plane TC of 28.8 W m−1 K−1 and tensile strength of 124 MPa, but also exhibits hydrophobic property. A generalized four-parameter model (FPM) is found to reasonably predict the entire CPU temperature evolution versus time. This work presents a facile strategy for constructing 3D hierarchical interfacial structure to obtain excellent versatility of anisotropic thermal management composites.
Carboxylated cellulose nanofibers (CNF–C)/dopamine-coated nickel-coated graphene (PDA-Ni@GNS) composite films with high thermal conductivity (TC) have been fabricated by layer-by-layer self-assembly. Display omitted
•A brick-and-mortar like microstructure with well-defined nanohybrid fillers is successfully constructed via layer-by-layer self-assembly of one-dimensional carboxylated cellulose nanofibers (CNF–C) and poly dopamine modified two-dimensional nickel-coated graphene nanosheets (PDA-Ni@GNS) to in-situ form an efficient thermally conductive network.•Considerably enhanced mechanical properties of the composite films primarily originate from the successful coating of the filler with polydopamine, which supplies strong hydrogen bonding between the filler and the matrix.•The composite films display a transition from hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity with dopamine-coated nanohybrid fillers incorporated.•High thermal conductivity and good electrical insulation jointly ensure the prepared composite film of perfect candidate as electronic packaging materials.
Young adults are a high-risk population for developing smartphone addiction (SA), which bring about social issues. One theoretically and empirically supported proximal risk factor of SA is preference ...for smartphone-based internet applications (PSIA). However, most previous studies ignore gender difference and symptomatic heterogeneity of SA. Besides, many previous data analyses contain non-addicts, and the results derived might not be applicable to smartphone addicts. To bridging the gap, we used a symptom-level network analysis to assess gender differences in the links between preferences for 8 smartphone-based internet applications and 4 SA symptoms among young adults with high-level phone addiction (619 women and 415 men). The results showed that: (1) The relationship between the preference for video and the “loss of control” symptom was more pronounced in female addicts compared to their male counterparts. (2) Shopping app had stronger bridge centrality in women’s smartphone applications-SA network, which was positively linked with more SA symptoms. (3) Our research identified marginal gender differences in smartphone addicts' psychological networks, with female addicts showing stronger links between social media/eBook preferences and withdrawal symptoms, and male addicts displaying a stronger connection between gaming/eBook and other smartphone activities. The study provides a visualized network association and network metrics for understanding the relationship between PSIA and SA. We propose adopting a selective processing hypothesis and an evolutionary psychology perspective to aid in understanding these gender differences.
A measurement of the mass of the Higgs boson combining the H→ZZ^{*}→4ℓ and H→γγ decay channels is presented. The result is based on 140 fb^{-1} of proton-proton collision data collected by the ATLAS ...detector during LHC run 2 at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV combined with the run 1 ATLAS mass measurement, performed at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV, yielding a Higgs boson mass of 125.11±0.09(stat)±0.06(syst)=125.11±0.11 GeV. This corresponds to a 0.09% precision achieved on this fundamental parameter of the Standard Model of particle physics.
Saprolegnia infections cause severe economic losses among freshwater fish farming. In this study, two known compounds, rhein and aloe‐emodin, were isolated from Rheum palmatum, and the in vitro ...inhibitory activity of both compounds against mycelial growth and spore germination of Saprolegnia was tested. Both rhein and aloe‐emodin were able to decrease Saprolegnia mycelial growth and spore activity in all tested concentrations after exposure for 48 h. Complete inhibition of mycelial growth was observed at 20 mg/L for rhein and at 50 mg/L for aloe‐emodin, while spore germination was 100% prevented at 16 and 40 mg/L for rhein and aloe‐emodin, respectively. Because rhein showed stronger in vitro anti‐Saprolegnia activity, it was further tested in vivo to measure the prevention and treatment efficacy on Saprolegnia infection of grass carp. Its acute activity to grass carp was also evaluated. The results revealed that exposure to rhein at 20 mg/L for 7 d could prevent 93.3% of infections by Saprolegnia in abraded grass carp, while 67.7% of infected fish could be recovered by treatment with rhein. The 48‐h median lethal concentration (48 h‐LC50) to grass carp was 148.5 mg/L, which is about 7.4 times the effective dose indicating the safety for the use of rhein. This study suggests that rhein has promising anti‐Saprolegnia activity and may be an option in preventing and controlling Saprolegnia infection.
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